Klturlomzl hmo Hcsmüa

hm Volktls Ckhustrcloms
Haimktm> Logaksa Nlcem @lyasa
 Lsc`klturl> Hcsmüa hm Volktls Ckhustrcloms
Ymelkl> C
 

Mstuhca hm EmrilhaXåtuoa
• Hmgckcicùk
• Cepartlkicl
• Emrilha Vrcelrca
• Emrilha Ymiukhlrca
• Adnmtcvas hm uk Mstuhca hm Emrilha
• Mnmepoa
• Iaktmkcha
 

Hmgckcicùk
Ym pahrål hmgkcr iaea uk praimsa scstmeìia hm rmiaomiicùk y lkìocscs
hm hltas m ckarelicùk limril hm oas iocmktms, iaepmharms y mo
emrilha. Mstm mstuhca hm emrilha pahrål smr uoczlha plrl sldmr quã
parimktlnm hm ol padolicùk iaeprlrì uk prahuita
prahuita a smrvcica,
smr vcica, dlslha mk
vlrcldoms iaea ol udcilicùk, mo `ãkmra, ol mhlh y mo kcvmo hm ck`rmsas.
 

Cepartlkicl
Ol cepartlkicl hm uk mstuhca
m stuhca hm emrilha rlhcil mk qum sm pumhm
iaktlr iak ckarelicak iolvm plrl vmr sc kumstra prahuita a smrvcica
smr vcica
tmkhrl mxcta a ka. Vahmeas tmkmr euy dumkls chmls hm prahuitas
ckkavlharms, pmra tlo vmz ka sml rmiakaicha par mo emrilha hakhm
qumrmeas armimroa y iak mooa pahrcleas mvctlr ckvmrr rmiur
rmiursas
sas sck
mxcta.
 

Mstuhca hm Emrilha Vrcelrca

Ms mo mstuhca hm emrilha mspmicgia plrl kumstra prahuita

prahuita a smrvcica.
smr vcica.
Mstl dlslha mk prumdls iaea mkiumstls, vcsctls mk tmrrmka, mktrmvcstls,
mktrm atras eãtahas. Vmrectmk iaktmstlr
iaktmstlr prm`uktls iaea>
• Vlr
Vlrl
l hakhm vl mo emrilha1 Iuloms sak ols kmimschlhms
kmimsc hlhms ircils1

• \um tlk umrtms sak oas iaepmharms1 Mxcstmk pravmmharms

pravmmharms chakmas1
• \um cksueas sak lprmiclhas1 Iulo ms ol pmrimpicùk hmo iocmktm1
 

Mstuhca hm Emrilha Ymiukhlrca

Ms mo mstuhca qum uoczl hltas yl praimslhas plrl icmrtas prahuitas a
smrvcicas scecolrms lo qum qumrmeas hmslrraoolr.
hmslrraoolr. ]oczl ckarelicùk
mxtrlåhl hm atrls umktms qum lplrmimk lpocildoms l uk prahuita kumva
a mxcstmktm. Mstm mstuhca ms rmolvlemktm
rmolvlemktm dlrlta y ìicoemktm liimscdom.
Yck medlr`a sm hmdm sldmr gotrlr oa bloolha.
 

Adnmtcvas hm uk Mstuhca hm Emrilha

• Lkloczlr mo emrilha hm eltmrcls prcels m cksueas.
• Mstuhclr mo emrilha iaepmhar.

• Mktmkhmr ols ilrlitmråsils hmo mktarka mxtmrka.

• Iakaimr oas mmitas qum pumhmk tmkmr oas litarms mxtmrkas.
• Chmkgilr l kumstra iocmktm chmlo.

• Imktrlr
Imktrlrsm
sm mk ukl hmtmrecklhl ìrml `ma`rìgil qum vl l smr ltmkhchl.
• Hmgkcr ols ilrlitmråsils `mkmrloms
`mkmrloms hmo dcmk a smrvcica qum sm armimrì.
• Hmtmrecklr mo ilklo hm hcstrcduicùk els lhmiulha.
• Mselr oas prmicas qum oas iaksuecharms mstlrìk hcspumstas l pl`lr.
 

Mnmepoa
«Ol Earlhctlº
L pmslr hm qum mk oas mstuhcas hm emrilha bmibas prmvclemkt
prmvclemktmm par ol iaeplüål Ckil
Jaol smüloldl qum mrl paia pradldom mo ãxcta mk smitarms elscvas lukqum så mk lo`ukas
sm`emktas mspmiågias, oas praeatarms hm ‟Ol Earlhctl― om hcmrak mo vcsta dumka.
‟Iaepradleas qum ols lhvmrtmkicls hm oas mstuhcas hm emrilha sak cepartlktms― y
qum ka pahmeas hmslrraoolr ukl kmimschlh hm km`aica, sck ukl kmimschlh hmo
iaksuechar.

Ol `mktm mktmkhcù qum mrl ibcibl y ka mspmrldl

ukl dmdchl `lscgilhl. Ol emnar ibcibl plrl ilhl uka ms ol
qum prmplrlk mk ilsl, par oa qum ol rmmrmkicl plrl ilhl
rmsuotl hcmrmktm.
 

Hcsmüa hm Vrahuita
• Hmgkcicùk
• Cepartlkicl
• Mtlpls hmo praimsa
• Mnmepoas
 

Hmgckcicùk
• ‟Ms mo rmsuotlha gklo hm uk scstmel hm prahuiicùk. Mstm rmsuotlha
pumhm smr uk prahuita a uk smrvcica―. Xlwgj y Ibluvmo (<338).

• ‟ Ms lo`a qum pumhm armimrsm luk emrilha iak ol gklochlh hm qum sm

om prmstm ltmkicùk, sm lhqucmrl, uocim a iaksuel, iak mo adnmta
a dnmta hm
slslimr uk hmsma a kmimschlh―. Gmrklkhmz, Lvmool y Gmrklkhmz (4669)
 

Cepartlkicl
Ol cepartlkicl hmo hcsmüa hmo prahuita rlhcil mk qum iakschmrl ka saoa
ol prmsmktlicùk hm uk prahuita ckkavlhar,
ckkavlhar, scka qum vl els lool, y sm
prmaiupl hm>
• Iaea pumhm ceplitlr oas iastas hm prahuiicùk mk ols gklkzls
• Iaea hmslrraoolr oas praimsas ckvaouirlhas mk su ldrcilicùk

• Iaea lyuhlr
rlicaklo hm oaslrmiursas
emnarlr klturloms
ol cel`mk
kltur hm ol meprmsl
loms (l`ul, l trlvãs hmo usa
`ls, mkmr`ål)
• Iaea mepomlr cksueas miaoù`cias (ilrtùk, plpmo, vchrca, mkvlsms
ar`ìkcias).
 

Mtlpls hmo Hcsmüa hmo Vrahuita

Ols smcs lsms hmo praimsa `mkãrcia hmo hmslrraooa sak>
• Chml hmo prahuita
• Hmgkcicùk hm ols ilrlitmråsils
ilrlitmråsils
• Lkìocscs hm ols vmktlnls y hmsvmktlnls
• Mvloulicùk pa
par mo
mo eã
eãtaha sc
sckãr`cia Irctmrcas hm
hm Ym
Ymomiicùk
• Lkìocscs miakùecia
• Momiicùk hmo prahuita
Gumktm> Xlwgj y Ibluvmo (<338)
 

Mtlpls hmo Hcsmüa hmo Vrahuita

Ols smcs lsms hmo praimsa `mkãrcia hmo hmslrraooa sak>
• Dþsqumhl y `mkmrlicùk hm chmls
• Mvloulicùk y smomiicùk hm chmls
• Hmslrraooa y tmst hmo iakimpta
• Lkìocscs hmo km`aica
• Hmslrraooa hmo prahuita
• Momiicùk hmo prahuita
Gumktm> Gmrklkhmz, Lvmool y Gmrklkhmz (4669)
 

Mnmepoas
Vahmeas ictlr iaea mnmepoas mstm mkvlsm rmuoczldom, saoa sm ilr`lrål
ilr`lrål
mo iaktmkcha y ka bldrål qum iaeprlr mo lrelzùk a mk mo sm`ukha ilsa

mo usa hm ilrtùk plrl trlkspartlr momemktas icoåkhrcias(datmools, oltls).

 

Hcsmüa hm Vraimsa
• Hmgkcicùk
• Cepartlkicl
• Adnmva
• Iolscgilicùk
• Xcpas hm praimsas
• Mnmepoa
 

Hmgckcicùk
• Ms ol smomiicùk hm ols livchlhms rmqumrchls plrl adtmkmr uk prahuita
a smrvcica. Ckvaouirl
Ckvaouirl mktrlhls a rmiursas, trlksarelicùk y slochls.

• Vlrl
Vlrl mo hcsmüa hm polktl ms iolvm iakaimr ols elquckls, mmoo pmrsaklo,
oas smrvcicas, oas mqucpas, eumdoms, mktrm atras livas.
 

Cepartlkicl
Ol cepartlkicl hmo hcsmüa hmo praimsa rlhcil mk qum ka saoa mkm par
adnmta areuolr mo eaha hm irmlr dcmkms y smrvcicas mk

ukl
scka msilol
tledcãkckhustrclo iuepocmkha
qum lyuhl iakeãtahas
l cepolktlr mspmicgilicakms
hm trldlnaprmmstldomichls,
t rldlna plrl emnarlr
ol prahuivchlh, ol ilochlh y ol sm`urchlh hm oas prahuitas y praimsas.
 

Adnmtcva
Chmkgilr ukl arel hm prahuicr dcmkms qum iuepolk> iak oas
rmqumrcecmktas hm oas iocmktms y iak ols mspmicgilicakms hmo prahuita
hmktra hmo iasta y rmstrciicakms. Mo praimsa smomiicaklha tmkhrì uk mmita l

olr`a
iasta polza sadrm
y ilochlh hmoloas
mgicmkicl y ol prahuiicùk,
dcmkms prahuichas par ollså iaea mk ol mxcdcochlh,
meprmsl.
Ol smomiicùk hmo praimsa ms ukl hmicscùk mstrltã`cil qum ckvaouirl
smomiicaklr oas pas hm sudpraimsas prcelrcas y smiukhlrcas hmdmeas
iakschmrlr.
Ckvaouirl
Ckvaouirl hmicscakms mk ilepas tloms iaea lhqucscicùk hm mqucpas y
rmpumstas, `msùk hm rmiursas buelkas, elktmkcecmktas hm oas mqucpas,
sm`urchlh, iaktrao emhca ledcmktlo, smrvcicas pþdocias, mti.
 

Iolscgcilicùk
Mk `mkmrlo pahmeas iolscgilr l oas praimsas mk has `rupas>
l) Vraimsas
Vraimsas hm ldrci
ldrcilicùk>
licùk> Mk mstas
mstas ilsas
ilsas bly
bly iledcas
iledcas mk ols arels
arels
hm ols eltmrcl prcels.
d) Vraimsas
Vraimsas hm mksledom>
mksledom> Ym prahuim
prahuim ukl iaedckl
iaedcklicùk
icùk hm
hm plrtms
plrtms plr
plrl
l
iakarelr uk prahuita
 

Xcpas hm Vraimsas

Gumktm> Blyms y Pbmmowmc`bt.<328

 

Mnmepoa hm Vraimsa

Gumktm> Blyms y Pbmmowmc`bt.<328

 

Vrahuita Lilhãecia <> Ckhcvchulo

VL<
• Hmslrraoom ols trms livchlhms prmvcls lo hcsmüa hm polktl plrl ol
moldarlicùk hm ols 9 prckicploms iaechls plrl uk rmstlurlktm
rmstlurlktm scecolr l> Mo
Xcktmra hm Eìol`l mk mo Vmru, vmr vchmas>
• bp>//www
bp>//www.rtvm.ms/lolilrt
.rtvm.ms/lolilrtl/vchmas/lquc-ol-mrrl/
l/vchmas/lquc-ol-mrrl/lquc-mrrl-kt
lquc-mrrl-ktmra-ms
mra-ms
pmtas-emnar-pastar/970093</

• bps>//www.yautudm.iae/wltib1v5^OPPTA7E@Oj
• bps>//www.yautudm.iae/wltib1v5MW9H^NhB-<M
 

Vrahuita Lilhãecia <> Ckhcvchulo

VL<
<. Ymomiicakm ols trms iaechls iak elyar hmelkhl iaea rmsuotlha hm su mstuhca hm emrilha mk mo ou`lr hm
su prmmrmkicl. Hmdm iakschmrlr ols umktms, mo pa hm hltas l rmildlr, mo rmsuotlha mspmrlha.
4. ]kl vmz smomiicaklha ols 9 iaechls prckicploms, hcsmülrl mo prahuita. Msta ms hmgkcr sus>
• Ck`rmhcmktms y parimktlnms plrl ilhl ukchlh.
• Mo tlelüa qum hmdmrì iaktmkmr.
• Mo pa hm polta (ilhl polta mkm uk prmica).
• Ol prmsmktlicùk.
9. ]kl vmz hmgkcha oas 9 prahuitas, praimhmrì l hcsmülr mo praimsa, msta ms>
• Hmgkcr ols livchlhms l sm`ucr l trlvãs hm uk hcl`rlel hm una hm apmrlicakms plrl ilhl prahuita
(polta). ]slr uk hcl`rlel hm una hm apmrlicakms.
• Hmgkcr quã elquckls, mqucpas a ckrlmstruiturl sm uoczlrlk mk ol iaickl.

• Hmgkcr quã pa hm trldlnlharms apmrlvas smrìk kmimslrcas (iakschmrlr uk saoa turka).
• Hmgkcr ol eltmrcl prcel qum smrì uoczlhl mk mo praimsa.
• Hmgkcr oas prahuitas mk praimsa y mo prahuita gklo l adtmkmr.
 

Tmiaemkhlicakms plrl mo VL<

Lpocilr uk ecx hm Mstuhca hm Emrilha prcelrca iak Ymiukhlrca>
l) Mstuhca prcelrca pumhmk smr mkiumstls pa lhmiulhls lo eahmoa hm km`aica
y polta l smr iaksuecha.
Var mnmepoa dusilr mk `aa`om> ‟mkiumstls polta rmstlurlktms―
rmstlurlktms―
d) Mstuhca smiukhlrca pumhmk smr mstuhcas pudocilhas rmolicaklhas lo tmel.
Var mnmepoa uk trldlna hm ckvms`licùk hm emrilha hm iaechl ircaool y elrckl
bps
>//www.`aa`om.iae/smlrib1q5tr
>//www .`aa`om.iae/smlrib1q5trldlna+gklo+hm+ckvms
ldlna+gklo+hm+ckvms`licak+hm+emri
`licak+hm+emrilhas&t
lhas&t
de5csib&vmh54lb]JMwc^<-vv<EQaLbRTGOj@BEhDP2\4-iIm`\CLDLL&aq5
trldlna+gklo+hm+ckvms`licak+hm+&`sQoip5I`KpdPi\LT`DE`\CLDLSE`\C
LDLSA`CCLHaMILL\\zaMILL\BoH3w`3SvSC\SJuPM@`HiLD8LCLDs`@CLh\mj
`MGEnMuEXlSL\I`L\@qL\tkh9Eth4o7OPot^w&siocmkt5ce`&mc5@vPCRpkc@3
 @p=A]V20u] LS&dcb 74=&dcw <977&roz <I<IBPLQmsVM76<VM76<#ce`ri M
 

Tmiaemkhlicakms plrl mo VL<

Vlrl mo hcsmüa hm prahuita. Dusilr ols ilrlitmråsils hm oas prahuitas
Vlrl
smomiicaklhas pmra hm liumrha lo eahmoa hm km`aica polktmlha>

Hmdm tmkmr lotl hmelkhl

Hmdm elktmkmr su tmepmrlturl lhmiulhl lo mepa hm mxbcdcicùk
Elkmnlr mo pa hm polta plrl hcmrmkiclrsm
hcmrmkiclrsm
Ckhcilr oas ck`rmhcmktms l iakschmrlr
Ols praparicakms, pmsa , mti. par polta.
 

Glitarms dìs
dìscias
cias hm
hm uk praimsa
• Elka hm adrl> pmrsaklo rmspaksldom, ilplictlha, mktrmklha, iak bldcochlhms
plrl rmloczlr ol tlrml.
• Eltmrcloms> eltmrcl prcel m cksueas plrl smr praimslhas a trlksarelhas
trlksarelhas
hm liumrha iak mo hcsmüa hmo prahuita, iakschmrlkha
iakschmrlkha ols mspmicgilicakms
tãikcils.
• Elqucklrcl y mqucpa> mstìk iakstuchas par ols eìquckls y bmrrlecmktls
qum sm mepomlk plrl mmitulr
mmitulr mo trldlna: licoctlk ols tlrmls hmo apmrlrca y
luemktlk ol ilplichlh hm ol polktl.
• Eãtaha> vcmkm l smr ol arel mk qum sm oomvlk l ilda ols tlrmls.
 

 Xcpas
 Xcpas hm Vraim
Vraimsas
sas y su Mkgaqum

Mkaqum pmrsakloczlha

Mkaqum mk mo praimsa

Mkaqum praimsa/prahuita
praimsa/prahuita

Mkaqum mk mo prahuita
p rahuita
 

Mkgaqum pmrsakloczlha

• Xcpa praymita
• Vrahuiicùk omktl y lota iasta.
• Lmkhm oas iledcas iakstlktms mk oas hmsmas pmrsakloms hmo iocmktm.
• Iakglkzl mk mo hcsmüa eahuolr.
Mnmepoas> Mhcgicas, Adrls hm Lrtm, Iaksuotaråls, mti
 

Mkgaqum pmrsakloczlha

Wmktlnls
• Lotl rmktldcochlh.
rmktldcochlh.
• Ka prmicsls hm ckvmktlrcas.
• Hcmrmkiclicùk hm ol iaepmtmkicl.
Hmsvmktlnls
• Lotl polkcgilicùk.
• Mxc`m euibl mxpmrcmkicl hm oas trldlnlharms.
• Xrldlna l prmscùk par oas polzas.
 

Mkgaqum mk mo praimsa

• Ckstlolicùk ar`lkczlhl lormhmhar hm oas praimsas plrl licoctlr ol prahuiicùk.

• Vraimsas scecolrms mstìk nuktas.
• Hm dlna vaouemk y lotl vlrcmhlh.
Mnmepoas> Xrldlnas hm tloomr, baspctloms, rmstlurlktms trlhcicakloms, mti
 

Mkgaqum mk mo praimsa

Wmktlnls>
• Lota `rlha hm mxcdcochlh hmo prahuita (sm eumvmk hm elkmrl cktmrectmktm
mktrm oas praimsas).
• Dlnl ckvmrscùk hm ilpctlo ckciclo.
Hmsvmktlnls>
• Lotas iastas vlrcldoms.
• Vrahuiicùk els hcico> ol polkcgilicùk y mo iaktrao.
• Dlnl uoczlicùk hm mqucpas hm =% l 4=%.
 

Mkgaqum praimsa/prahuita
• Ckstlolicakms ar`lkczlhas
ar`lkczlhas par oåkmls hm eaktlnm.
• Ym ilrlitmrczl par mo usa hm eùhuoas.
• Vcmzls y mksledolnms ldrcilhas iak lktmrcarchlh.
• Eùhuoas iaedcklhas hlk euibls apicakms hm slochl.
Mn. Momitrahaeãsias, Lutaeùvcoms, Imouolrms, mti
 

Mkgaqum praimsa/prahuita
Wmktlnls>
• Xcmkm mxcdcochlh plrl ol prahuiicùk.
• Lota vaouemk par tmeparlhls.
• Vrahuitas hm lotl hmelkhl eahmrkas mk oåkml iak ol tmikaoa`ål.

Hmsvmktlnls
• Tmqucmrm pravmmharms hm `lrlkl.
• Lotl ckvmrscùk mk pltmktms y mk rmiursas.
 

Mkgaqum mk mo prahuita
• Ckstlolicùk ar`lkczlhl lormhmhar hmo prahuita.
• Vraimsa arcmktlha lo prahuita, ms hm lota vaouemk y pail vlrcmhlh.
• ]k saoa pa
 pa hm prahuita par iarrchl hm prahuiicùk
• Atras kaedrms> Vrahuiicùk mk elsl.
e lsl. Vrahuiicùk iakkul.
Mnmepoas> Gldrcilicùk hm limra, pmtrùoma, lzþilr, mti.
 

Mkgaqum mk mo prahuita
Wmktlnls>
• Emkar iasta vlrcldom par ukchlh.
• Kmimschlh hm elka hm adrl mspmicloczlhl.
• Glicoctl ol polkcgilicùk y iaktrao hm ol prahuiicùk.
• Elyar uoczlicùk hm mqucpa (06% l 36%).
Hmsvmktlnls>
• Dlnl mxcdcochlh hmo prahuita.
• Kmimschlh hm mqucpas sagsilhas.
• Var oa `mkmrlo ukl elyar ckvmrscùk
ckvmrscùk hm ilpctlo tlk`cdom.
 

Vlrl mo VL< qum tcpa hm

praimsa/mkgaqum1
Vmrsakloczlha

Vraimsa

Ecx Vraimsa/Vrahuita
Vraimsa/Vrahuita

Vrahuita
 

Hcl`rlelicùk hm praim
praimsas
sas
Chmkgilha mo scstmel hm prahuiicùk, sm hmtloolrì ol smiumkicl hmo praimsa,
emhclktm mo usa hm bmrrlecmktls
bmrrlecmktls hm hcl`rlelicùk>
• Ym rmiaecmkhl mo usa hm ckstruemktas hm rm`cstra hm ckarelicùk, iaea>
• Hcl`rlels hm suimscùk hm bmibas.
• Hcl`rlel hm doaqums.
• Hcl`rlel hm apmrlicakms hmo praimsa (HAV). TMIAEMKHLHA
• Hcl`rlels hm una.
 

Hcl`rlel hm Gouna hm
Apmrlicakms