IDS Medical Systems Indonesia

A Fung Strategic Investments

 DHANAN WITARADYA

MANAGER II – SERVICE
PT IDS Medical Systems Indonesia
 Basic of MRI

MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Control hydrogen atom with using MAGNET and RADIO
FREQUENCY wave and receive data from HYDROGEN
ATOM to create image.

Human body contains 60% water.

 MRI: Application of a Magnetic Field

• Now let’s return to what happens with a proton when

you apply an external magnetic field
• There are two
effects here
• Alignment of spins
with the external
magnetic field
• Precession,
because the
moment
experienced by the
proton is out of the
B0 plane of rotation
They are related,
but different
 MRI: Determinants of Spin Rate

• The speed of precession of a spinning body in a field is

called the Larmor frequency, and we know a few things
about it
• Zero when B0 = 0
• Increases as magnetic field increases
• We could do an experiment and plot the relationship
between B0 and precessional frequency

wL Slope = gyromagnetic ratio

B0
• Larmor freqency, and is dictated by
L = B0 B0
• For protons wL is approximately 42 MHz/Tesla
 MRI: Combining Precession and Quanta

wL
Slope = gyromagnetic
ratio

B0

• Gyromagnetic ratio = gamma = 42.58 MHz/T

• The excitation frequency (for an individual proton) is
going to depend on the magnetic field (the individual
proton) experiences
• This is the Resonance frequency
• MRI
 Properties of Electrical Fields

S +

N -
 Properties of Magnetic Fields

N
 The MRI Measurement

+
 Basic of MRI

Static magnetic field ：

Patient enters to magnetic field
Hydrogen atoms turn one direction

Gantry
(magnet)
 Basic of MRI

RF(Radiofrequency) coil：
RF pulse is applied to human body from RF
coil inside the gantry
Hydrogen atoms of human body absorb
energy from RF pulse and go down in one
direction RF coil
 Basic of MRI

Receiving coil：
Hydrogen atoms will reposition to beginning position
when quitting RF pulse apply
While hydrogen atoms reposition, they release MR
signal which will be cached by receiving coil
RF coil
Receiving coil

13
 Basic of MRI

Computer (MRI unit)：

Create a picture by calculate the data (MR signal) which received by MRI

Each organ has different content

rate of water.
Therefore reposition time of
hydrogen atom differs and so
contrast of the image changes.
 Basic of MRI

①Human body enters to magnetic field

②Hydrogen atoms inside human body react to line up to one particular direction

③Apply Radio Frequency pulse to human body

④Hydrogen atoms turn to one particular direction

⑤Stop Radio Frequency pulse

⑥Hydrogen atoms return to beginning position

⑦Hydrogen atoms release MR signal. MR signal is cached by receiver coil

⑧Computer calculates MR signal to change received data to the image

 Features of MRI

MRI CT
What is used to acquire Magnetic field and RF pulse X ray
the data
Scanning plane Any plane Axial
（Axial・Coronal・Sagittal・Oblique）

Scan time In minutes In second

Artifact Caused by motion mainly Caused by bone or metal

Axial Sagittal

Limitation of patient Heart pacer Heart pacer

(patient who is or has...) Metal in body Baby
Early stage of pregnancy Pregnant
Vessel image has to be Without contrast media Contrast
Coronal Oblique
taken with...
Health hazard Non effect Radiation exposure
Slice Orientation
 Type of MRI

Permanent MRI Resistive MRI Supercon MRI

Type of MRI
 Various Type of MRI
Type Shape Magnetic Field Strength

Closed 0.5-3T
©HITACHI MEDICAL CORPORATION ECHELON™

Open
1 pillar 0.4T
©HITACHI MEDICAL CORPORATION APERTO™

▪ 2 pillar 0.1-0.3T
©HITACHI MEDICAL AIRIS Vento™

4 pillar 0.5T
©TOSHIBA CORPORATION OPART ™

C-shape 0.2-0.35T
©SIEMENS AG MAGNETOM C!™
 Structure of SCM（inside gantry)

RF Coil Gradient Coil

Shim Coil

Superconductive Coil

Vacuum layer（Similar to
thermos bottle. This
keeps helium ultra-low
temperature）

Liquid helium is filled in blue area

Cross Section Diagram
 What is superconductive state?

Superconductive coil
Superconductive coil is chilled to 4.2K
(-269℃) by Helium (blue area).

Superconductive state
(0 electric resistance)

Supply high current (called

“magnetization”)

Create magnetic field

Cross Section Diagram

 Structure of SCM (coldhead)

Coldhead (4K cryo-chiller)

・・・ chills helium inside gantry to 4.2K (-269℃)
to keep superconductive state

so…should be running
for 7 days/24 hours

Helium continues vaporization and

liquefaction by the coldhead. (continuous
compression ⇔ extension by compressor)
→ Superconductive coil is chilled by the
vaporization heat.

Cross Section Diagram

 Structure of SCM

Gradient Coil Sense GCPA

⇔Sense unit unit HE
Compressor

Heat EXCU⇔GCPA
Exchanger
EXCU⇔ He Equipment Room
Compressor

EXCU⇔Chiller
Chiller
※water- EXCU is connected to
cooled Chiller, and cooled by
primary cooling water.
Able to use antifreeze
MR liquid between Chiller
Room and Heat exchanger Outside
 What is Quench?

Simply put, Quench is vaporization of liquid helium.

▪Superconductive state is broken for some reason.

▪Resistance is generated since superconductive coil
is unable to keep the superconductive state.
▪High current generates heat even by a tiny
resistance.
▪Liquid helium is rapidly heated and vaporized.
▪Pressure of vacuum layer reaches a limit,
then helium is vented from safety valve.
 Structure of OPEN MRI

Magnet Column
0.3T Permanent magnet
Remove
®
cover

PERMANENT MAGNET

0.4T Permanent magnet

 Vertical Field Technologies

High sensitivity solenoid receiver coils

◆ APERTO Lucent, a Vertical field Open MRI adopts high sensitivity solenoid receiver coils.
◆ With the solenoid coils, the imaging area is positioned in the center of the receiver coil, and MR
signals are efficiently received so as to acquire high SNR images.
◆ More over, sensitivity distribution of solenoid coils is wide in head-foot direction.

Magnetic field [Head imaging with a joint

direction Permanent magnet
coil]
York
Homogenous images with
high sensitivity are obtained
with a simple joint coil.
Receiving
direction

Pole piece
Solenoid type receiver
coil

Solenoid type receiver

coil signal intensity
distribution
Sensitivity
High Low
FLAIR T2WI
 Permanent Magnet Open Design

◎Open Design
AIRIS Vento
Openness with 210ﾟ for front side and
70ﾟ for back side. This is never can be
provided with closed-MRI.
Patient who is Claustrophobia and
children are also able to scan with our
open designed system.

APERTO Lucent
 The most compact C-shaped magnet

Access from 3 sides Access from 1 side

Front loading Side Loading

70° 210°
270°

210(front) + 70(rear) = 280° 270°only

 Low running cost & Low downtime

Superconductive magnet Permanent magnet

Freezing machine
Water cooling system
(Chiller)
Superconductive coil

Magnet Colum

He

Power required Power is not

at all times required at all times
 Safe system

Superconductive magnet Permanent magnet

Column
Magnet

Leakage of magnetic field Leakage of magnetic

(fringe field) is wide due field (fringe field) is small
to its structure. due to its structure.
MRP has less risk of accident
 Installation difference
between Open MRI & Superconductive MRI

●Footprint 50㎡
Scan room Operators
Superconductive

room ●Power supply 50-100kVA

Footprint

Machine
●RF shield
magnet

room Necessary
items for ●Machine room
５Ｇ installation
●Plumbing
5G line ●Emergency exhaust air duct
=

Waiting room
●Oxymeter
2.5×4.0m
Example of installation of 1.5ＴMRI

●Footprint 30㎡
Scan room Operators
Permanent Magnet

room
Empty ●Power supply 9.5kVA
Footprint

space Necessary ●RF shield

５Ｇ
items for ●Machine room
installation
●Plumbing
5G line ●Emergency exhaust air duct
=

Waiting room
●Oxymeter
2.0×1.8m
Example of installation AIRIS Vento 33
Thank you
▪ Apa yg di maksud Quench pada MRI Supercon ?

Keluarnya gas helium dalam gantry yg diakibatkan dari

terjadinya resistansi pada kawat supercon yang kemudian
menghasilkan panas.