+) Show tn nmi Lagging Manvel i cual amen en Poy, 14. Egan 12a] a erative Lagan cent rhe deme {Si face cme ox ears APPENDIX A Proof of Bertrand’s Theorem* ‘Theorbit ection under comsenative ceil force. (3- 34. may bewriten| Se sense, wo Z soe Bde) = ath is ‘The condi fora ear ott ofa ry = 4 (2-4 0m these =H as) In addin of ou, th ergy mast sai th condom of a, (-4 the egy lly above that needed lorena the peal sch hat “he moton sta then il remain bound avy oy sigh em ‘and. Jo) ean Be expesedin ers he Gra ern 3 Talo sis pansion ‘oat dat a nt = aah + O10 ~ ws a) GE + 046 a 7 Asis casonay the dtvative appearing in (Asa shorthand sya foc ‘the date of withepet Oneralned say the dienes os ‘presented x he ot quntion for mote athe vty a the seat ‘Sonne then J Secs e2 srreouen te pain wo ert date nde ttn, mat ane a a ea Bre So) a dy) idol erm adic othe comeaton employed fo the detvates, sans or Hing Hence pen wn ich ihe sam E246 ode sali cont, > 0s eds (Fy 0-3, By suitable coe of rg of th Slaton to Eg. (A-S) fr B postive det can be witen x= 00060 ry (£85 (0-45) onder forthe ori to remin cloud when the ergy a {ular momen are thus sgh dstrbed fom cular, the quant ‘mot bearatondl number Weareconceoed winding euch at fo Sierang of london fora mide rage fy the obs Svting ight fom dralarty rman dosed, Undr fee sumtace 2 are b {persia et fmt have the sme ioe heen dom tnd Ea (Thea blocked on a eel equation for o/h The ded fore Taw mus rele color 1 a dependence on gen in (348) ws sere it someconstan and into! number. “The fore an of Eq (A) sl permits «Wie vary of behavior fe he fore However we seek mote surge consis on he fre ay egg ‘tate when ie devas rom clay ae cone the oti Tmt lose We mustherfre at es del wth evistions ufo y olaae ‘seus ep more ers than te fist in he Tar sets expansion of Joh eatin (A may tele be ele by rE etsre wo Japa ng tar EEE Ob, 7 roor or neeMoE TORE 6B were va the derivatives are vated at w= In emo thi apusion Jp the ob equation bomes ane Eine, We sc onde tre fhe sous sch heen when the deviation irom the el vb sarge enough tha the terms onthe ih cant be repisto, the maton to Eq (A 10) st repeats closed rt Fr sal Fertratons fom salary ne Haom = as the behavior deed by Ea (Es) which eens th undamestl term ins Fourier expansion nts of [Ph Wes thecorcloorttelutony indigo morte inthe Furie expansion: 5, ps Sep 1) sc ay ay cO A 2 cn2B + 008308 am ‘The ampli ay and ay must eof mae mage tan ey bens they ‘ani eter than s,s larity i spproace. As il De sen yas of ‘Wen lowerord ofmagitde thas or whichis hy ters incor 4 and so fncan be epee Conaauent othe term on the ih of Eq (A 10) he [Seto in nel ae roped, andi the? ee o ators no Pare ep Inevshning hah hand se powers and prod ote eonefanctonsate eluced by et of sc ents as Consistent Keeping terms though the order of thi mse, Ea (1) witht soution (AT) ean teed fo Pay 30, c01280 890,008 po Peepers tego win horn [ter oom Inn ono cdi of eh nie ma ‘peso eh nlrb oe ara we no arte wo)wy Ie shouldbe remembered that we aeady have shown on th Basso light _doations rom clr, tat for oe rb eo lava ve ele FE. 8) tat J) pen by othe rer cpa ee ton EA ihevacor deer pup) Wise a e048, Euan: (134) thas sy that aad a8 of on 8 ‘sich sy supose a mal amber Further Eq (A134 shows tty tteordr aa, whch jose evr sateen! at alow ode ‘timate tan yo. Tuator (AL) ra Zrditon on fons he cont that i at the ‘principal onan of estan herem Sobeituing Ey Au) and *AUTS} in Bg (A 1) yet the condition cas) PPM =a oe or deo omc ot #0 non tok om = Pea fee wl “iin pout he wh wher _roviatonl ives square ew or Hooke nut "Wess ot a obs tat were Sula, Ths pole or ll tractive ms oe awe rang of ahd whee vlc i oe the ‘rial rai Tho regent tate Geer ort be sl ra ‘eady nti te fom of the ce ln trough oe neat conton of (8 0(E5 (3-48) wetter sek forse uth tht roth Sev ony $Sighly fom sola rae sil clon no mater whet thera 2 th teor orem TORE fees ott thn the fore hi eres to the crete set gen Ea {Swine or. nnd rte bet remain se forge ‘tons om clr mater wht he nia conor ofthe een ‘racon twoofteae rational values arepemited6= and] = 2 Se we hor that tee attrac lnc lws dot ie ved orbits for al Ew ‘ding to bounded motion, they mast be the on fre Is ang ocd ‘rt for al bonded mation