Can the court review the decision of the administrative bodies?

-yes.

1. purpose on question of constitutionality.

2. issue of jurisdiction

3. question of law

*citizenship conflicts are legal question or issue. Hence you can go directly to the court
and hence of doctrine of administrative remedies cannot apply.

*in order to protect the public health or policy then it can be applied as a question of law.

Administrative ordinance

- Issued by government agencies,

- There must be degree of equivalence between the violation and penalty.
o The test is
 Affect the subordinates
 Ordinance that affects the private individual

Test of penalty

1. Statute is present
2. The law authorizes the penalty if the act committed is against an ordinance
a. Violation of the implementing of ordinance is not allowed unless such is
permitted by the law.
3. Publication in the official gazette.
4. Must be in the scope of the law that was passed .