NTRC Axle Load Survey on National Highway & Motorway Network of Pakistan

FINAL REPORT

Table 8-8: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-5 .................. 8-8
Table 8-9: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-5 ..................................................................................................................8-10
Table 8-10: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-5 ........................8-11
Table 8-11: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-5 ....................................................................................................8-12
Table 8-12: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-5 ..........8-13
Table 8-13: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-5 ...............................................................................................8-18
Table 8-14: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-5.......................................................................................................8-18
Table 8-15: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-5 ...................................................................................................................8-19
Table 8-16: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 ..........................................................................................8-20
Table 8-17: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 ..............................................8-20
Table 8-18: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 .....................................................................................................8-21
Table 8-19: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (Single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 ....................................................................8-22
Table 8-20: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-10 ....................................................................................................8-23
Table 8-21: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 ............8-23
Table 8-22: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-10 ....................................................................................................8-24
Table 8-23: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 ............8-25
Table 8-24: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-10 ..............................................................................................................8-26
Table 8-25: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10......................8-27
Table 8-26: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-10 ..................................................................................................8-28
Table 8-27: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 ........8-28
Table 8-28: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 .............................................................................................8-32
Table 8-29: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-10.....................................................................................................8-32
Table 8-30: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-10 .................................................................................................................8-32
Table 8-31: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 ..........................................................................................8-33
Table 8-32: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 ..............................................8-33
Table 8-33: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 .....................................................................................................8-34
Table 8-34: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (Single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 ....................................................................8-35
Table 8-35: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-15 ....................................................................................................8-35
Table 8-36: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 ............8-36
Table 8-37: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-15 ....................................................................................................8-37
Table 8-38: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 ............8-37
Table 8-39: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-15 ..............................................................................................................8-38
Table 8-40: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15......................8-39
Table 8-41: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-15 ..................................................................................................8-39
Table 8-42: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 ........8-40
Table 8-43: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 .............................................................................................8-42
Table 8-44: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-15.....................................................................................................8-42
Table 8-45: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-15 .................................................................................................................8-42
Table 8-46: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 ..........................................................................................8-43
Table 8-47: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 ..............................................8-43
Table 8-48: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 .....................................................................................................8-45
Table 8-49: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 .....................................................................8-46
Table 8-50: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-25 ....................................................................................................8-46
Table 8-51: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 ............8-46
Table 8-52: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-25 ....................................................................................................8-49
Table 8-53: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 ............8-49
Table 8-54: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-25 ..............................................................................................................8-51
Table 8-55: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25......................8-51
Table 8-56: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-25 ..................................................................................................8-52
Table 8-57: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 ........8-53

xviii
 NTRC Axle Load Survey on National Highway & Motorway Network of Pakistan
FINAL REPORT

Table 8-58: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 .............................................................................................8-57
Table 8-59: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-25.....................................................................................................8-57
Table 8-60: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-25 .................................................................................................................8-58
Table 8-61: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 ..........................................................................................8-58
Table 8-62: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 ..............................................8-58
Table 8-63: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 .....................................................................................................8-60
Table 8-64: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 .....................................................................8-61
Table 8-65: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-35 ....................................................................................................8-61
Table 8-66: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 ............8-62
Table 8-67: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-35 ....................................................................................................8-64
Table 8-68: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 ............8-65
Table 8-69: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-35 ..............................................................................................................8-67
Table 8-70: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35......................8-67
Table 8-71: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-35 ..................................................................................................8-68
Table 8-72: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 ........8-69
Table 8-73: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 .............................................................................................8-73
Table 8-74: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-35.....................................................................................................8-73
Table 8-75: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-35 .................................................................................................................8-73
Table 8-76: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 ..........................................................................................8-74
Table 8-77: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 ..............................................8-74
Table 8-78: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 .....................................................................................................8-76
Table 8-79: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 .....................................................................8-77
Table 8-80: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-40 ....................................................................................................8-77
Table 8-81: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 ............8-78
Table 8-82: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-40 ....................................................................................................8-80
Table 8-83: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 ............8-80
Table 8-84: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-40 ..............................................................................................................8-82
Table 8-85: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40......................8-83
Table 8-86: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-40 ..................................................................................................8-84
Table 8-87: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 ........8-84
Table 8-88: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 .............................................................................................8-88
Table 8-89: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-40.....................................................................................................8-88
Table 8-90: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-40 .................................................................................................................8-89
Table 8-91: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 ..........................................................................................8-89
Table 8-92: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 ..............................................8-89
Table 8-93: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 .....................................................................................................8-91
Table 8-94: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 .....................................................................8-92
Table 8-95: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-45 ....................................................................................................8-92
Table 8-96: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 ............8-92
Table 8-97: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-45 ....................................................................................................8-94
Table 8-98: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 ............8-95
Table 8-99: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-45 ..............................................................................................................8-96
Table 8-100: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45....................8-97
Table 8-101: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-45 ................................................................................................8-97
Table 8-102: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 ......8-98
Table 8-103: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 .........................................................................................8-101
Table 8-104: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-45.................................................................................................8-101
Table 8-105: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-45 .............................................................................................................8-102
Table 8-106: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 ......................................................................................8-102
Table 8-107: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 ..........................................8-103

xix
 NTRC Axle Load Survey on National Highway & Motorway Network of Pakistan
FINAL REPORT

Table 8-108: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 .................................................................................................8-104
Table 8-109: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (Single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 ................................................................8-105
Table 8-110: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-55 ................................................................................................8-105
Table 8-111: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 ........8-106
Table 8-112: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-55 ................................................................................................8-109
Table 8-113: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 ........8-109
Table 8-114: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-55 ..........................................................................................................8-111
Table 8-115: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55..................8-112
Table 8-116: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-55 ..............................................................................................8-113
Table 8-117: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 ....8-113
Table 8-118: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 .........................................................................................8-118
Table 8-119: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-55.................................................................................................8-118
Table 8-120: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-55 .............................................................................................................8-119
Table 8-121: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 ......................................................................................8-119
Table 8-122: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 ..........................................8-120
Table 8-123: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 .................................................................................................8-121
Table 8-124: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 .................................................................8-122
Table 8-125: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-65 ................................................................................................8-123
Table 8-126: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 ........8-123
Table 8-127: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-65 ................................................................................................8-125
Table 8-128: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 ........8-126
Table 8-129: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-65 ..........................................................................................................8-128
Table 8-130: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65..................8-129
Table 8-131: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-65 ..............................................................................................8-129
Table 8-132: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for each Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65......8-130
Table 8-133: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 .........................................................................................8-135
Table 8-134: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-65 .............................................................................................................8-135
Table 8-135: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 ......................................................................................8-135
Table 8-136: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 ..........................................8-136
Table 8-137: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 .................................................................................................8-137
Table 8-138: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 .................................................................8-138
Table 8-139: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-70 ................................................................................................8-139
Table 8-140: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 ........8-139
Table 8-141: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-70 ................................................................................................8-141
Table 8-142: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 ........8-141
Table 8-143: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-70 ..........................................................................................................8-143
Table 8-144: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70..................8-143
Table 8-145: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-70 ..............................................................................................8-144
Table 8-146: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 ....8-144
Table 8-147: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 .........................................................................................8-147
Table 8-148: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-70 .............................................................................................................8-148
Table 8-149: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 ......................................................................................8-148
Table 8-150: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 ..........................................8-149
Table 8-151: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 .................................................................................................8-150
Table 8-152: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 .................................................................8-150
Table 8-153: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-75 ................................................................................................8-150
Table 8-154: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 ........8-151
Table 8-155: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-75 ................................................................................................8-151
Table 8-156: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 ........8-152
Table 8-157: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-75 ..........................................................................................................8-152

xx
 NTRC Axle Load Survey on National Highway & Motorway Network of Pakistan
FINAL REPORT

Table 8-158: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75..................8-152
Table 8-159: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-75 ..............................................................................................8-153
Table 8-160: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 ....8-153
Table 8-161: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 .........................................................................................8-154
Table 8-162: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-75 .............................................................................................................8-154
Table 8-163: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 ......................................................................................8-154
Table 8-164: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 ..........................................8-155
Table 8-165: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 .................................................................................................8-156
Table 8-166: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 .................................................................8-157
Table 8-167: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-80 ................................................................................................8-158
Table 8-168: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 ........8-158
Table 8-169: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-80 ................................................................................................8-160
Table 8-170: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 ........8-160
Table 8-171: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-80 ..........................................................................................................8-162
Table 8-172: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80..................8-163
Table 8-173: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-80 ..............................................................................................8-164
Table 8-174: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 ....8-165
Table 8-175: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 .........................................................................................8-169
Table 8-176: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-80.................................................................................................8-169
Table 8-177: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-80 .............................................................................................................8-170
Table 8-178: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 ......................................................................................8-170
Table 8-179: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 ..........................................8-171
Table 8-180: Load Spectrum w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 .................................................................................................8-172
Table 8-181: Rear Axle Load Spectrum (single) for all Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 .................................................................8-173
Table 8-182: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-85 ................................................................................................8-173
Table 8-183: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Make Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 ........8-174
Table 8-184: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-85 ................................................................................................8-176
Table 8-185: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Body Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 ........8-176
Table 8-186: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-85 ..........................................................................................................8-178
Table 8-187: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Type for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85..................8-178
Table 8-188: Percentage of Vehicle w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-85 ..............................................................................................8-179
Table 8-189: Stdev., Var., Min., Max. & Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Commodities for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 ....8-179
Table 8-190: Damage Factor for major Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 .........................................................................................8-183
Table 8-191: Damage Factors at different stations along National Highway N-85.................................................................................................8-183
Table 8-192: Average Tire Pressure per Axle on National Highway N-85 .............................................................................................................8-184
Table 9-1: Calculated ESA using Current Truck Loading Spectrum .......................................................................................................................... 9-1
Table 9-2: ESA Based on Legal Loading .................................................................................................................................................................... 9-2
Table 9-3: Per Km Cost of Road (overlay) .................................................................................................................................................................. 9-3
Table 9-4: Per Km Cost of Road (Reconstruction) ..................................................................................................................................................... 9-3
Table 9-5: Overloaded Vehicles (Pattoki NB) ............................................................................................................................................................. 9-3
Table 9-6: Estimated Revenue Generated from Fine System .................................................................................................................................... 9-3
Table 10-1: Avg., Min. & Max. load with Stdev., & var. of each Axle configuration ..................................................................................................10-1
Table 10-2: Overloading on Motorways ....................................................................................................................................................................10-3
Table 10-3: Overloading on National Highways ........................................................................................................................................................10-3
Table 10-4: Percentage overloading on each National Highway ..............................................................................................................................10-3

xxi
 NTRC Axle Load Survey on National Highway & Motorway Network of Pakistan
FINAL REPORT

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: National Highway & Motorway Network in Pakistan................................................................................................................................. 1-1
Figure 1-2: Poor Braking Efficiency ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-6
Figure 1-3: Rolling over of Overloaded Vehicles ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-7
Figure 2-1: Typical Load Spreading in Road Pavement ............................................................................................................................................. 2-1
Figure 2-2: Damaging Influence of Tire Pressure (1 kPa = 0.145 psi 1 KN = 0.225 kips) ........................................................................................ 2-2
Figure 3-1: Permanent Weigh Bridge .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
Figure 3-2: Recording Weigh Bridge ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-3: Portable Weigh Pads ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3-3
Figure 4-1: Survey Site Chosen for Portable Weigh Pads .......................................................................................................................................... 4-4
Figure 4-2: Portable Weigh Pads Locations in Mountainous Areas ........................................................................................................................... 4-4
Figure 4-3: Traffic Safety Measurements taken during Survey .................................................................................................................................. 4-5
Figure 4-4: Police Assistance during Axle Load Survey ............................................................................................................................................. 4-6
Figure 4-5: Periodic Inspection by Client .................................................................................................................................................................... 4-6
Figure 5-1: Graphical distribution of Trucks by Make on Road Network .................................................................................................................... 5-4
Figure 5-2: Graphical distribution of Trucks by Body Type on Road Network ............................................................................................................ 5-5
Figure 5-3: Graphical Distribution of Trucks by Type on Road Network .................................................................................................................... 5-5
Figure 5-4: Distribution of Loaded & Empty Trucks .................................................................................................................................................... 5-5
Figure 6-1: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorways............................................................................................................... 6-3
Figure 6-2: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorways ................................................................................................... 6-4
Figure 6-3: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorways ............................................................................................................... 6-4
Figure 6-4: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on Motorways ................................................................... 6-6
Figure 6-5: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on Motorways .......................................................................................................................... 6-7
Figure 6-6: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on Motorways .........................................................................................................................6-10
Figure 6-7: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on Motorways ..................................................................................................................................6-14
Figure 6-8: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on Motorways .....................................................................................................................6-16
Figure 6-9: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highways ................................................................................................6-24
Figure 6-10: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highways ..................................................................................6-25
Figure 6-11: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highways ..............................................................................................6-25
Figure 6-12: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highways...................................................6-27
Figure 6-13: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highways ..........................................................................................................6-29
Figure 6-14 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highways .........................................................................................................6-33
Figure 6-15: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highways ....................................................................................................................6-36
Figure 6-16: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highways ......................................................................................................6-38
Figure 7-1: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorway M-1 ......................................................................................................... 7-1
Figure 7-2: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorway M-1 ............................................................................................. 7-2
Figure 7-3: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorway M-1 ......................................................................................................... 7-2
Figure 7-4: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on Motorway M-1 .............................................................. 7-4
Figure 7-5: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on Motorway M-1 ..................................................................................................................... 7-5
Figure 7-6 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on Motorway M-1 .................................................................................................................... 7-7
Figure 7-7: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on Motorway M-1 .............................................................................................................................7-10
Figure 7-8: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on Motorway M-1................................................................................................................7-12
Figure 7-9: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorway M-2 .......................................................................................................7-16
Figure 7-10: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorway M-2 .........................................................................................7-17
Figure 7-11: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorway M-2 .....................................................................................................7-18
Figure 7-12: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on Motorway M-2 ..........................................................7-19
Figure 7-13: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on Motorway M-2 .................................................................................................................7-20
Figure 7-14 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on Motorway M-2 ................................................................................................................7-22
Figure 7-15: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on Motorway M-2 ...........................................................................................................................7-25

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FINAL REPORT

Figure 7-16: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on Motorway M-2..............................................................................................................7-26

Figure 7-17: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorway M-4 .....................................................................................................7-32
Figure 7-18: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorway M-4 .........................................................................................7-33
Figure 7-19: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on Motorway M-4 .....................................................................................................7-34
Figure 7-20: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on Motorway M-4 ..........................................................7-35
Figure 7-21: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on Motorway M-4 .................................................................................................................7-36
Figure 7-22 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on Motorway M-4 ................................................................................................................7-39
Figure 7-23: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on Motorway M-4 ...........................................................................................................................7-41
Figure 7-24: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on Motorway M-4..............................................................................................................7-43
Figure 8-1: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-5 ............................................................................................. 8-1
Figure 8-2: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-5 ................................................................................. 8-2
Figure 8-3: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-5 ............................................................................................. 8-2
Figure 8-4: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-5 ................................................. 8-3
Figure 8-5: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-5 ......................................................................................................... 8-4
Figure 8-6 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-5 ........................................................................................................ 8-8
Figure 8-7: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-5.................................................................................................................8-11
Figure 8-8: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-5 ...................................................................................................8-12
Figure 8-9: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 .........................................................................................8-20
Figure 8-10: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 ...........................................................................8-21
Figure 8-11: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-10 .......................................................................................8-21
Figure 8-12: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-10 ...........................................8-22
Figure 8-13: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-10...................................................................................................8-23
Figure 8-14 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-10 ..................................................................................................8-25
Figure 8-15: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-10 ............................................................................................................8-27
Figure 8-16: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-10 ...............................................................................................8-28
Figure 8-17: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 .......................................................................................8-33
Figure 8-18: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 ...........................................................................8-34
Figure 8-19: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-15 .......................................................................................8-34
Figure 8-20: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-15 ...........................................8-35
Figure 8-21: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-15...................................................................................................8-36
Figure 8-22 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-15 ..................................................................................................8-37
Figure 8-23: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-15 ............................................................................................................8-39
Figure 8-24: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-15 ...............................................................................................8-40
Figure 8-25: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 .......................................................................................8-43
Figure 8-26: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 ...........................................................................8-44
Figure 8-27: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-25 .......................................................................................8-44
Figure 8-28: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-25 ...........................................8-45
Figure 8-29: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-25...................................................................................................8-46
Figure 8-30 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-25 ..................................................................................................8-49
Figure 8-31: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-25 ............................................................................................................8-51
Figure 8-32: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-25 ...............................................................................................8-52
Figure 8-33: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 .......................................................................................8-58
Figure 8-34: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 ...........................................................................8-59
Figure 8-35: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-35 .......................................................................................8-59
Figure 8-36: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-35 ...........................................8-61
Figure 8-37: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-35...................................................................................................8-62
Figure 8-38 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-35 ..................................................................................................8-64
Figure 8-39: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-35 ............................................................................................................8-67
Figure 8-40: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-35 ...............................................................................................8-68
Figure 8-41: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 .......................................................................................8-74

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 NTRC Axle Load Survey on National Highway & Motorway Network of Pakistan
FINAL REPORT

Figure 8-42: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 ...........................................................................8-75
Figure 8-43: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-40 .......................................................................................8-76
Figure 8-44: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-40 ...........................................8-77
Figure 8-45: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-40...................................................................................................8-78
Figure 8-46 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-40 ..................................................................................................8-80
Figure 8-47: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-40 ............................................................................................................8-82
Figure 8-48: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-40 ...............................................................................................8-84
Figure 8-49: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 .......................................................................................8-89
Figure 8-50: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 ...........................................................................8-90
Figure 8-51: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-45 .......................................................................................8-90
Figure 8-52: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-45 ...........................................8-91
Figure 8-53: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-45...................................................................................................8-92
Figure 8-54 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-45 ..................................................................................................8-94
Figure 8-55: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-45 ............................................................................................................8-96
Figure 8-56: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-45 ...............................................................................................8-98
Figure 8-57: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 .....................................................................................8-102
Figure 8-58: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 .........................................................................8-103
Figure 8-59: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-55 .....................................................................................8-104
Figure 8-60: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-55 .........................................8-105
Figure 8-61: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-55.................................................................................................8-106
Figure 8-62 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-55 ................................................................................................8-109
Figure 8-63: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-55 ..........................................................................................................8-112
Figure 8-64: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-55 .............................................................................................8-113
Figure 8-65: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 .....................................................................................8-120
Figure 8-66: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 .........................................................................8-121
Figure 8-67: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-65 .....................................................................................8-121
Figure 8-68: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-65 .........................................8-122
Figure 8-69: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-65.................................................................................................8-123
Figure 8-70 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-65 ................................................................................................8-126
Figure 8-71: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-65 ..........................................................................................................8-128
Figure 8-72: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-65 .............................................................................................8-130
Figure 8-73: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 .....................................................................................8-136
Figure 8-74: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 .........................................................................8-137
Figure 8-75: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-70 .....................................................................................8-137
Figure 8-76: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-70 .........................................8-138
Figure 8-77: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-70.................................................................................................8-139
Figure 8-78 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-70 ................................................................................................8-141
Figure 8-79: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-70 ..........................................................................................................8-143
Figure 8-80: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-70 .............................................................................................8-144
Figure 8-81: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 .....................................................................................8-148
Figure 8-82: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 .........................................................................8-149
Figure 8-83: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-75 .....................................................................................8-149
Figure 8-84: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-75 .........................................8-150
Figure 8-85: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-75.................................................................................................8-151
Figure 8-86 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-75 ................................................................................................8-151
Figure 8-87: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-75 ..........................................................................................................8-152
Figure 8-88: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-75 .............................................................................................8-153
Figure 8-89: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 .....................................................................................8-155
Figure 8-90: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 .........................................................................8-156
Figure 8-91: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-80 .....................................................................................8-156

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 NTRC Axle Load Survey on National Highway & Motorway Network of Pakistan
FINAL REPORT

Figure 8-92: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-80 .........................................8-157
Figure 8-93: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-80.................................................................................................8-158
Figure 8-94 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-80 ................................................................................................8-160
Figure 8-95: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-80 ..........................................................................................................8-163
Figure 8-96: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-80 .............................................................................................8-164
Figure 8-97: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 .....................................................................................8-170
Figure 8-98: Min. & Max. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 .........................................................................8-171
Figure 8-99: Avg. Load Comparison w.r.t Axle Configuration on National Highway N-85 .....................................................................................8-172
Figure 8-100: Percentage of Vehicles carrying Load above and below Permissible Limits on National Highway N-85 .......................................8-173
Figure 8-101: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Make Type on National Highway N-85...............................................................................................8-173
Figure 8-102 : Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Body Type on National Highway N-85 ..............................................................................................8-176
Figure 8-103: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Type on National Highway N-85 ........................................................................................................8-178
Figure 8-104: Percentage of Vehicles w.r.t Commodities on National Highway N-85 ...........................................................................................8-179
Figure 10-1: Commodities carried by trucks on Motorways ......................................................................................................................................10-2
Figure 10-2: Commodities carried by trucks on National Highways .........................................................................................................................10-2

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FINAL REPORT

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Roads and streets are the most important transport communication medium in the
country and are used by almost everyone on a daily basis. Besides the fact that roads
are provided for the benefit of the road user, they also play a significant role in
promoting economic growth and the living standards of the population. Road
infrastructure provide access to markets, places of work, clinics and hospitals,
educational institutions, places for sports and leisure activities and vacations.
The vehicular traffic on the road is the major cause of road deterioration, especially
on heavily trafficked roads. Every vehicle which passes over a road causes a
momentary, very small, but significant deformation of the road pavement structure.
The passage of many vehicles has a cumulative effect which gradually leads to
permanent deformation and road failure. The damage caused by the passage of any
particular heavy vehicle is determined by the magnitude of each of its axle loads, the
spacing between the axles, the number of wheels, the contact pressures of the tires
and the travelling speed.
The road traffic configuration is rapidly changing around the world and Pakistan is no
exception. During the last few decades, the weight and size of the vehicles have
changed considerably, particularly in larger vehicles that can handle more loads and
volumes. Pakistan’s transportation sector mainly depends on road network. Over the
past several decades, road traffic – both passenger and freight has grown much
faster than the country’s overall economic growth. The National Highway and
Motorway Network is about 12,800 km long. This network caters to the bulk of the
heavy traffic plying on the roads of Pakistan (Figure 1-1). Further development of the
road network is expected to continue under the PSDP & CPEC projects.

Figure 1-1: National Highway & Motorway Network in Pakistan

Billions of rupees have been invested to improve road infrastructure in the country. To
secure and preserve road assets, it is necessary to take appropriate steps such as

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 NTRC Axle Load Survey on National Highway & Motorway Network of Pakistan
FINAL REPORT

timely maintenance and rehabilitation. The precise traffic data including axle load
distribution, trends on national, regional road network is imperative for designing new
roads and strengthening existing ones.
National Transport Research Centre (NTRC) has undertaken an Axle Load Survey on
all National Highway and Motorway Network of Pakistan. The objective is to collect,
compile and update existing loading characteristics, spectrum and trends on the road.
M/s Finite Engineering (Pvt.) Ltd. in association with M/s Henliz are engaged to
undertake Axle Load Survey on the existing weigh stations on National Highways and
Motorways.

1.2 Need Assessment

In Pakistan truck overloading is a serious problem. The overloaded trucks stress the
road structure beyond its capacity, thus damaging the pavement structure. Efforts to
repair the roads have no positive effect on improvement of road as overloading
continues, causing negative impact on the economy of the country. Furthermore,
overloaded heavy vehicles are a traffic hazard as overloading put extra stress on the
steering and breaking system of the vehicles.
Last Axle Load Survey Study was undertaken at 30 stations on National Highways by
NTRC in 1995. The results of this study are being used in the road pavement design,
strengthening and maintenance ever since. It is therefore, necessary to carry out this
survey afresh and update the axle load data and results in terms of cumulative
standard axles, average equivalent factors used in the pavement design etc. Also, the
present study is essentially required because of the following factors:

1.2.1 Improvement of Road Network

During last few decades, efforts have been made to develop and improve the road
network of the country. Billions of rupees have been invested to the road
infrastructure of the country. As a result, Pakistan’s road network in general and that
of NHA in particular has undergone major changes with the construction of
motorways and implementation of road improvement projects, converting single
carriageways into dual carriageway or even more, in phases and grade separated
interchanges etc.

1.2.2 Traffic Patterns

Road traffic volumes are increasing rapidly. More than 90% of goods traffic is handled
by National Highway Network. This includes transit traffic being emanated for
Afghanistan, China, Iran and CAR, as well as vehicles of ISAF / US security forces in
Afghanistan.

1.2.3 Change in Loading Characteristics and Vehicle Types

Loading methods and practices are characterized by the operation of containers.
Currently the containerization is on the rise and is gradually being taken over by
commercial system of bagged / bulk cargo along with the introduction of multimodal
transport.
New vehicle types have been introduced with the arrival of container traffic. The
heavy goods vehicles having multi-scale configuration (3 axle & More) are plying on
the road especially in North – South corridor i.e. N-5 and N-35 highways. These
vehicles are of international standards and generally being handled with prime mover
and flatbed body.

1-2