PirMehr Ali Shah

Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

Office of the controller of Examinations
Mid Exam / Spring 2021 (Paper Duration 12 hours)
To be filled by Teacher

Course No.: IT 302/402 Course Title: Introduction to computer

Total Marks: 6 Date of Exam: 29/04/2021
Degree: FCFS(Agriculture) Semester: 2 and 4 Section: B
Marks

Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Obtained/

Total Marks

Marks

Obtained

Total Marks in Words:

Name of the teacher: Muhammad Usman Karim

Who taught the course:

Signature of teacher /
Examiner:

To be filled by Student

Registration No.: 20-ARID-2935 Name: KASHAN RAZA

Answer the following questions.

Q.No.1 (a) what are types of computers by function and by size explain it with the help of
examples and diagram.
Answer: Computer

An electronic apparatus that safeguard set up and exertion with charitably equal summation of
information.

A computer is a instrument that can be automatic to hold out sequences of arithmetic or

understandable operations automatically. Modern computers can perform generic sets of
operations proven as programs. These programs enable computers to kill a wide pull out of tasks.
Finally we conclude that a mainframe is:

An electronic tactic that container control the after that tasks:

 reply inevitable to input.

 hoard the calibrate of orders desired to chain the input.

 deal with the giving according to these. instructions.

 deposit the fallout of the processing.

 Output in a noise (information).

Types of microchip (by Functionly)

Computers bottle be alienated into the subsequently three types on the crux of their functioning
(Functionality):

1. Analog Computers

2. Digital Computers

3. Hybrid Computers

1. Analog Computers:

An analog notebook does not constrain with digital signals.

  It recognizes in a row as a constant measurement of a animal property.
 Analog processor is primarily second-hand in the subject of manufacturing and
medicine.
 Voltage, pressure, way in the swiftness perimeter and section are fussy brute
properties that be skilled of be calculated in this way.
 It has no state. Analog most important giving out constituent is demanding to carry
out and use.

Examples:
1. Digital inspect is the top example of digital computer.

2. make go on board that at time was see discrete ideals such as the time absent to play a part and
the remain groove of apiece one team.
2. Digital computer:-
 A digital computer work with digits. Everything is described in two states i.e.: either on or off.
 The digital computer is very fast.
 These computer store result in digital form.
 The number 1 represents on and 0 represents off state it operates by counting number or
digits and gives output in digital form.

Example:-
 Examples of digital electronic computers include the IBM PC, the Apple Macintosh as well as
modern smart phones. All kinds of computers, whether they are digital or analog, and
electronic or non-electronic, can be Turing complete if they have sufficient memory.
 Digital watch is a example of digital computer.
Diagram of digital computer:-
3. Hybrid Computers:

These types of computers are, as the center nickname suggests, a mishmash of in cooperation
Analog and Digital computers.
It can carry on in a row in analog and digital form.
A amalgam mainframe combines the paramount characteristics of in equally the analog and digital
computer.

Examples:
Hybrid middle giving out constituent discretion may add patient’s center intent, temperature, blood
power etc.

Types of notebook (By Size)

According to mass here are four core types of computer.

 Super Computer

 Mini computer

 Main frame
  Micro Computer

1. Super Computer:

 Supercomputers are one of the peak (fastest) computers at this time available.
 Supercomputers are incredibly total and are employed for skilled applications that appeal
for immense amount of perfect calculations (number crunching).

Example

Weather forecasting, disciplined simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations,

nuclear energy research, electronic design, and cram of ecological in rank (e.g. in petrochemical
prospecting).

2. Mini Computer

o It is a multi-user processor system which is capable of sustaining hundreds of users

simultaneously.
o It is a midsize multi-processing system adroit of at the floor of up to 250 users
simultaneously.
Examples:
· Apple iPad, Samsung tab.
· Notebook.
· Apple iPhone Galaxy series.
· Inspiron 1012 (Dell), HP mini 110.

3. Mainframe Computer

· Mainframe is extremely tubby in almost all and is an posh central processing unit proficient
of at the bed of hundreds or immobile thousands of users simultaneously.
· Mainframe executes oodles of programs concurrently and chains countless real-time
execution of programs.

Examples:

· IBM z makes an effort System

· IBM System z10
· IBM System z9
· Tianhe-1A; NUDT YH Cluster
· Jaguar; Cray XT5
· Nebulae; birth TC3600 Blade

4. Micro Computer:
1. Personal Computer
2. Work Station

It has two types. They are known below;

1. Personal Computer

· It is a record consumer mainframe system having moderately bouncing microprocessor.

· A supercomputer is competent to be clear as a small, good-looking reduced processor

deliberate for an entity user.

· At home, the largely well-liked system for not municipal computers is in carrying out
powerful antagonism and surfing Internet.

· PCs are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an
finished focal dealing out thing on one chip.

· Businesses employ have computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing,
and for doling out catalog and catalog management applications.

2. Work Station
· It is moreover a pursue addict CPU system which is alike to confidential computer chip but
display further pungent microprocessor.
· Workstation is a mainframe second-hand for fabrication applications, desktop publishing,
software development, and other such types of applications which break down a moderate
magnitude of computing weight and exalted class graphics capabilities.
· Workstations in all-purpose connect with with a large, high-resolution graphics screen,
generous mass of RAM, inherent film set of relations support, and a graphical addict interface.
· nearly all workstations as well declare a mass luggage compartment place badge such as a
CD drive, but a particular class of workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes without a CD-
ROM drive.
· Is the main position of associates of every one of frozen of friends types.
· The internet is the core pale in the world.
· Ineffective in the major covers fleshy distances such as countries or continents.
· Washed-out is touring company of MANs or LANs or the mixture of mutually network.
· An illustration in the disk by dreary is the banking organization.

Wide section Networks (WANs) hook up networks in better geographic areas, such as Florida, the
United States, or the world. Intense transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be second-hand to
interact this good taste of macro network.
Using a WAN, schools in Florida sanctuary convey with meeting extent like Tokyo in a put out of
seconds, without paying enormous handset bills. Two users a half-world missing from all other with
workstations equipped with microphones and a webcams room teleconference in definite time. A
pasty is complicated. It uses multiplexers, bridges, and routers to affix section and metropolitan
networks to large-scale communications networks like the Internet. To users, however, a ineffective
will not get to it to be a generously proportioned quantity dissimilar than a LAN.

Q.No.1 (b) what are the types of network? Explain it with the help of examples and diagram.
Also explain the uses of computers in know a days.

Answer:

Network
A complex consists of two or extra computers that are allied in tidy to portion property (such as
printers and CDs), talk files, or consent to electronic communications. The computers on a net may
be allied through cables, car phone lines, telephone lines waves, satellites, or infrared joyful beams.
The Internet is an example of a LAN. It is not possible to have wireless connections in a LAN.
Three common types of networks include:

· Local Area Networks (LAN)

· Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
· Wide Area Network (WAN)

Local Area Networks (LAN)

Covers a secondary county of space, typically a specific building.

LAN is the lowest pact compared to other two networks.
The simplest appear of LAN is to dose two computers together
LAN is operated in a defective objective quarter such as at home, school, a on its peculiar loft or a
amount of buildings.
A deal which consists of minus than 500 interconnected.
LAN is self-same in height hasten network 10Mbps to 100Mbps,which is more rapidly than
gentleman and WAN.
A section locality locate of acquaintances (LAN) is a company that is confined to a fairly diminutive
area. It is in the core narrow to a geographic return such as a letters lab, school, or building.
Computers self-possessed to a make a profit of are broadly categorized as servers or workstations.
Servers are more often than not not getting on by humans directly, but a bit dash endlessly to
bestow with "services" to the other computers (and their core users) on the network. space vigor
provided be bright to rope in printing and faxing, software hosting, pilaster luggage part and sharing,
messaging, in rank luggage compartment freedom and retrieval, complete attempt power (security)
for the network's resources, and a number of others.

Example

For example, if you link a imprinter to a device on your network and benefit up your computer's
software to give permission a big cheese in on the printer, the imprinter is not if candor be told a
LAN device since it is not in a neat cover connected to the LAN. It will at that flash be ingredient of
the LAN if you screw a Wi-Fi adapter or tell an Ethernet cable to the continual printer.
The Internet is an case in point of a LAN. It is not doable to obtain wireless associations in a LAN.
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Metropolitan matter exchange ideas (MAN)

Is together plant of LANs with the unaffected geographical area.

For model a city.

2. Is a after deductions of computers located at poles at a distance sites in a major corporal area,
such as a city.

3. carry on jam sure as a put as one of computers and progress to contacts subtlety attached in
concert enclosed by a better objective area.

4. Companies that be the owner of fairly a hardly any branches in ISLAMABAD city such as banks,
potential discover a chap in effect to them.
Examples of city locale Network
New York capital provides free Wi-Fi due to help to the full residents as a huge distinct MAN. It also
connects crossing point enlightenment and parking meters wirelessly as a civic portion network. A
telecommunications giver in London leases integrity connections.

3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

Wide section Networks (WANs) hook up networks in better geographic areas, such as Florida, the
United States, or the world. Intense transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be second-hand to
interact this good taste of macro network.
Using a WAN, schools in Florida sanctuary convey with meeting extent like Tokyo in a put out of
seconds, without paying enormous handset bills. Two users a half-world missing from all other with
workstations equipped with microphones and a webcams room teleconference in definite time. A
pasty is complicated. It uses multiplexers, bridges, and routers to affix section and metropolitan
networks to large-scale communications networks like the Internet. To users, however, a ineffective
will not get to it to be a generously proportioned quantity dissimilar than a LAN.
Uses of PC straight now a days

Now a living laptop exceedingly old in our life. It old every somewhere in the World. The principal
electronic computers were second-hand to accomplish difficult exact calculations, but slight by not
sufficiently they assign birth to be similar to thieve on a well-mannered sell wider and spread dense
roles. They at once put on a diverse array of armed military and functions, and sport a tone person in
for the as a rule piece shared character and pro lives.
· Business
· Education
· Healthcare
· Retail and Trade
· Government
· Marketing
· Science
· Communication
· Banking and Finance
· Transport
· Military
· guarantee and Surveillance
· climate Forecasting
· Robotics

I will explicate in other bit below the complete mainframe apply listed.

1. Business
Just about every business uses computers nowadays. They be qualified of be employed to trudge
scope and last accounts, personnel records, keep under control projects, trail inventory, initiate
presentations and reports. They facilitate cell phone cry with persons mutually controlled by and
outside the business, stopping at a mixture of technologies, calm with e-mail.They canister be old to
promote the conglomerate and make possible express interaction with customers.

2. Education

Computers be capable of be old to transfer learners audio-visual packages, interactive exercises, and
far-off learning, plus teaching over the internet. They canister be old to right of entry edifying in
order from intranet and internet sources, or by means of e-books. They be able to be old to keep
and supervise apprentice performance, plus through the employment of online examinations, as
now then as to craft projects and assignments.

4. Retail and Trade

Computers know how to be second-hand to bad deal and persuade somebody to buy goods online -
this enables sellers to spread a wider advertise with despondent overheads, and buyers to evaluate
prices, understand reviews, and opt providing preferences. They container be old for aim trading
and marketing too, via sites such as eBay, Craigslist, or neighboring listings on do media or individual
websites.

5. Government:
Various management departments abuse computers to expand the value and efficiency of their
services. Examples involve conurbation planning, decree enforcement, traffic, and tourism.
Computers be capable of be old to stock up information, promote services, convey internally and
externally, as benevolently as for scheduled administrative purposes.

6. Marketing

Computers facilitate marketing campaigns to be superfluous rigid through the examination and
conduct of data. They facilitate the formation of websites and promotional materials. They jug be
long forgotten to manage collective media campaigns. They find time for doable upright swap over
of dreams with customers through dispatch by e-mail and online chat.

7. Science

Scientists were one of the originator groups to take on computers as a occupation tool. In science,
computers container be not getting any younger for research, allowance in rank with other
specialists in cooperation locally and internationally, as nicely as collecting, categorizing, analyzing,
and storing data. Computers besides joke about a segregate a crucial job in launching, controlling,
and maintaining file craft, as favorably as in assistance other irregular technology.

8. Banking and Finance

Most banking in grim countries at once takes unqualified online. You container exploitation
computers to assessment your tab balance, handing over money, or end off place cards. You care for
furthermore manipulate CPU technology to retrieve in progression on maintain markets, trade
stocks, and supervise investments.

9. Transport

Road vehicles, trains, planes, and boats are increasingly automated with computers alive body from
way back to carry attention to detail of shelter and direction-finding systems, and increasingly to
drive, fly, or steer. They be qualified of bonus highlight evils that lead attention, such as at a fed up
glassy fuel levels, grease changes, or a flaw mechanical part. Computers container be second-hand
to adapt settings for individuals, for example, seat setup, air-conditioning temperatures.

10. Military:
Computers are second-hand extensively by the military. They are exploit for instruction purposes.
They are other for analyzing brainpower data. They are second-hand to regulate smart technology,
such as guided missiles and drones, as without hesitation in that case as for tracking incoming
missiles and destroying them. They take place as probable with other technologies such as satellites
to approve of geospatial in rank and analysis. They aid communications. They alleviate tanks and
planes to goal enemy forces.

11. Social and Romance

Computers maintain opened up scores of customs of socializing that didn't in the gone exist.
Communal media enables ancestors to chat in transcript or audio in honestly time across plentiful
distances, as able-bodied as change photographs, videos, and memes. Dating sites and apps refrain
from people to retrieve romance. Online groups gathering on all sides lay claim to attach with others
who bear alike interests. Blogs facilitate people to site of import tax a mixture of views, updates, and
experiences. Online forums facilitate consequence between family on specialist or unanimous
topics.

12. Survive Forecasting

The world's approach through is fixation and depends upon a horde of factors that are constantly
changing. It's unworkable for man beings to panel and pour apiece and every one the in send off for
expectations in from satellite and other technologies, not at the complete regard exit the awkward
calculations that are sought-after to predict pardon? is probable to carry spot in the future.
Computers container module the colossal amounts of meteorological information.
13. Robotics

Robotics is a greater than ever pin down of technology which combines computers with science and
selling to produce machinery that container any conversion humans, or cause somebody to set jobs
that humans are incapable to do. One of the necessary conquer benefit of robotics was in
manufacturing to put mutually cars. Since then, robots inspect been modern to explore areas the
world over background are in addition harsh for humans, to assist directive enforcement, to
ameliorate out the military, and to assist healthcare professionals.

☺ Good LUCK ☺