Introduction

Social media has a big role towards today’s life and society as the one who has
control towards today’s life has already familiar with social media and the uses of
it. Society is a concept used to describe the structured relations and institutions
among a large community of people which cannot be reduced to a simple collection or
aggregation of individuals. Surveys said that you can even found one gadget in
every house meaning that it enables the owner of the gadget to access social media.
It becomes one of the primary needs in this era because of its benefit. Based on
Heidi statement, he said that social media is anything relates to the technology
and platforms in it that enable the one who use it to have an interactive activity
from one participant to other participants or to the public (2011). By accessing
social media, we can communicate to each other, got information and even just to
entertain ourselves.
Another thing that makes it interesting is that because social media is an
internet-based tool that makes it more effective to be use said Manikant Tripathi
(2018). Besides all the positive impact from the uses social media, we can’t deny
that it also has some negativity. This negativity can be a serious problem and lead
the society to have a serious social issue if this still can’t be fixed. Based on
Anna’s opinion in 2017, internet overuse can lead us to have permanent lifestyles
that have negative impact towards ourselves such as weight gain and being indolent
that makes us declining in our physical fitness. Sociologists regard one of
negative permanent lifestyles that affect by the overuse of social media is sleep
deprivation or what is called as insomnia. Anna adds that the computer use among
adolescents was associated with sleeping disturbance such as sleeping lately,
waking up lately, less restful of sleep and anything relates to a good sleeping is
decrease (2017).
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In 2014, Dr Levenson and the team do the study to 1788 Americans adults ages 19 –
32, to determine the use of social media and proper standard to assess sleep
disturbances. The result of the study shows that the participants checking their
social media more than one hour every day and almost thirty percent of the
participants had high levels of sleep disturbance. The fact that most of us do not
really care of the negative impact using social media too much is a warning.
Discussion
Looking at your phone, checking your social media before going to bed can be
totally harmful. This is because the overuses of gadget can cause sleep deprivation
or insomnia like what the experts said. Dr Levenson in her research stated that
Insomnia disorder is characterized by chronic dissatisfaction with sleep quantity
or quality that is associated with difficulty falling asleep, frequent nighttime
awakenings with difficulty returning to sleep, and/or awakening earlier in the
morning than desired (2018).
Data from Pew Research Center has shown that the use of social media among adults
has increased significantly from 5% in 2005 to 69% in 2018, with almost 90% of 18 –
29 years-olds indicating use. This is urgent because the National Sleep Foundation
reports that almost half of Americans don’t get the recommended hours of sleep that
is about 7-9 hours. In the last ten years, the common internet use among
adolescents has extremely increased. 93% of adolescent ages 12–17 year old go
online in America, as what was happened in Japan, 71. 8% in China and 74. 5% in
India. Similarly, internet addiction prevalence happen in Iranian high school
students for 22. 2%, in Indians 25. 5%, in Tunisians 18. 05%, in Taiwanese 10. 6%
and in Turkish 07. 9%. Compared to those without internet addicts, the internet
addicts had higher rates of psychopathy (65. 0%), suicidal thoughts in a week (47.
0%), history of suicide attempt (23. 1%), and attempt for suicides in one year (5.
1%) said Sarah Islamie Farsani and team in 2016. Sleep problems can be caused by
various factors. Although causes may different, the end result of all sleeping
disorders is that the body’s natural cycle of slumber and daytime wakefulness is
disrupted or exaggerated. Short-term or acute insomnia can be caused by life
stresses such as job loss or change, death of a loved one, or moving, illness, or
environmental factors, such as light, noise, or extreme temperatures Neha Pathak
statement in 2017. As what was stated from the data above we can conclude that this
health issue can be suffered by all ages and here are some reasons why checking
your social media can lead you to the problem of sleep.
You Get Too Much Information
The obvious thing that cause you suffer insomnia is because you are keep checking
you phone before sleep and even until you sleep. Information you get when you are
looking at your phone is coming from any sources and it is not only one. One may
make you feel happy when the other make you stress. Too much information makes your
mind racing and it makes you have a hard time to stop and putting your gadget away.
Interaction through digital social networks can lead to the identification of
problems related to health that the professionals have not yet thought about, and
to the contestation of prevailing ideas about health and health care. This
interaction also has the potential to enable mass protest, where health is put at
risk or health care provision wants.
You Are Looking At A Bright Light
When you are looking at your phone right before your bed time, it possible made you
experience sleeping problem because you have too much screen time with your gadget.
The light from your phone is the reason why it can happen. Some bad sides of your
screen light are.
Light from screens shining into your eyes sends signals to your brain that
interfere with the production of melatonin, a chemical needed for sleep.
Although all wavelengths of light have this effect, blue light is particularly
problematic. Blue light is so good at helping us feel awake, it’s used in places
like factories to help night workers stay alert.
Repeated use of a bright screen in the evening over five nights can delay the body
clock by 1. 5 hours, the Sleep Health Foundation says. This means you want to go to
bed later and sleep in longer, which is a problem when work or study schedules call
for an early start.
Simply can be said that the internal body clock uses light to determine whether it
is time to sleep or stay awake.
You Are Too Much Alert
Social media is neither easy nor free. That is the fact of the impact of using
social media. When you are start access your social media, it will bring you deeper
and longer that what you have decided before. Keeps scrolling on your social media
will make you curious and more curious of what is next and when you realize that
you need to stop, it will bothered you. In this case, it possibly can cause anxiety
because you have no peace when you stop and once your phone beeping you will check
it as fast as possible even when you are wake up, things that you are going to
check first is your gadget. By seeing those causes, it shows a clear connection
between the habitual of checking your phone before going to bed and sleep
disturbance. Excessive use of the internet was related to high daytime sleepiness
and low quality of sleep. Choosing correct pattern in use of the internet actually
can helps to reduce sleep problems said Masomeh Hadadvand (2014). Because a good
sleep is the key to have a healthy body. Sleep is an opportunity for the body to
conserve energy, restore its normal processes, promote physical growth, and support
mental development.
Conclusion
There are two ways to see whether a problem is personal or social. One way has to
do with numbers another way to tell the difference between the two kinds of
problems has to do with causation. Problem can be categorized as a social problem
if it has negative effects the society and how personal live through the society.
As what stated by Rubington and Weinberg (2010, they regard social problems as
social issues when these refer to situations that are incompatible with the values
of a significant number of people who agree that action is needed to alter the
situation. Between 2010 and 2016 there’s been a significant increase in complaints
of inadequate sleep among 18-24 year-olds, with 60 per cent of this age group now
affected by this sleep deprivation said Professor David Hillman, chair of
Australia’s Sleep Health Foundation. This can be said that social media take a part
of this problem because Masomeh Hadadvand (2014) stated that, there is correlation
between high daytime sleepiness and low quality of sleep. Different era, different
problem is the right word to say that life is developing and society has a big part
towards one factor in world development. Like what was stated by P. L. M. Leisink
(2014) that societies face complex issues.
Today’s issues, and the circumstances under which actors must address these, are
different from what they were some decades ago, as two examples illustrate. One
example is the ageing of the population, which is accompanied by an increasing
demand for pensions, healthcare and care facilities for the elderly. Because of
this phenomena is huge issue and the one who take control over it is the society
itself, it is important for us to control ourselves in whatever things that we are
going to do.Homelessness in the UK
Homelessness, as a socio-economic issue, has been prevalent in much of humanities
history and continues to present itself as an issue to this day, with many
economically thriving western cities still experiencing this problem. In the UK,
homelessness can be seen in many large towns and cities with numerous causes being
citied such as: inequality, lack of affordable housing and the lures of crime and
drugs. This report will examine in detail these causes and the steps that the
British government have taken to classify and rectify the age old issue of
homelessness.
Definition
First and foremost it is pertinent to define homelessness as it presents itself in
the modern day. Homelessness, in its absolute simplest form is defined as having no
official or legally backed permanent residence or place to stay and is therefore
often found to be synonymous with ‘sleeping rough’ (Polakow and Guillean 2001). In
the UK however there are five tests in which a person must pass in order to be
qualified as officially homeless according to the social housing register, these
tests are as follows:
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Is the person intentionally homeless?
Is the person eligible for assistance?
Does the person have a local connection?
Is the person homeless?
Is the person in a priority need?
Causes of Homelessness
The causes of homelessness are often linked to many socio-economic obstacles and
are often rooted deeply into various social groups, often the most vulnerable and
less-affluent, homelessness can also effect more transitory communities and groups
more adversely such as immigrants and refugees (DeVerteuil 2011). At a glance,
homelessness is often viewed as a purely economic circumstance with: joblessness,
poor education and class based struggles being cited as the main causes of
homelessness. However there are a myriad of different causes that can be linked to
homelessness, first and foremost are the social issues, drug use and crime have
been linked due to the strains they can place not only on a person’s mental and
physical wellbeing but the severe economic strain that can lead to losing one’s
home or career (Fitzpatrick et al 2011).
Several studies have also linked institutional woes to homelessness such as serving
time in a correctional facility or being in social care as a child, many former
soldiers and other armed-forces employees have been found to have a higher chance
of ending up homelessness once again due to mental strain that these events can
have on a person’s mental wellbeing (Del Casino Jr and Jocoy 2008). Many modern
studies have additionally placed a lens on the mental and psychoanalytical factors
which can lead to poor mental health and conversely the eventual fall into
homelessness. These studies have found many key signifiers in their subject’s minds
which have been found to increase the likelihood of being homeless, these
signifiers include: addictive personality traits often found to be related to drug
use or excess ‘crime addiction’, systemic damage done from a lengthy childhood of
abuse or neglect has also been found to increase the chances of being homeless
(Kearns 1994).
Strategies to Combat Homelessness
Many of the previous British governments have taken various steps and strategies to
reduce homelessness and are often similar in their efforts to combat the root
causes. Drug use and classification have been cited to increase the likelihood of
an individual becoming homeless and as such have seen many overhauls in both the
punishment and care presented to those who engage with drugs, more specifically,
cannabis has been reclassified twice in the past decade, downgraded from B to C in
2004 and then upgraded back to B in 2009 (Gov. 2016). An increase in the available
social care for the homeless has been encouraged by previous governments, however
little legislation has been passed to actually combat the core problem itself other
than various classification acts such as the 2002 and 2004 homeless acts. It has
therefore fallen upon various non-profit charities and social care groups to
provide food and shelter for the homeless such as Crisis and Shelter both
respectively operate in the UK with aims to help rehouse the homeless and present
employment opportunities where available (DeVerteuil et al 2009).
Geographical Spread
Homelessness in the UK has a distinct uneven spread with most cases of homelessness
being reported in large towns and cities as opposed to rural areas however
homelessness is still nevertheless reported in rural areas with high property
prices being cited as the primary cause (Cloke et al 2010). This is the general
rule with homelessness as rural areas are usually more affluent especially in
developed nations where suburbanisation and rural migration have taken place.
Cities also often struggle with homing its less affluent citizens due to land
restrictions and high levels of gentrification taking place especially near the CBD
so this in turn can lead to a lack of social housing and therefore an increase in
homelessness (May and Cloke 2014). A significant north-south divide can be seen in
the UK where higher levels of homelessness can be observed in the Northern cities
such as Liverpool, Manchester and Leeds. This divide can be attributed to the
previous industrialised nature of these cities and their former reliance on by-gone
industries such as mining and manufacturing, most of which were outsourced during
the Thatcher government in the 1980’s (Hudson 2013). However a significant amount
of homelessness is concentrated in London primarily due to its position as the
capital of the UK and also the largest population centre and employer.
Homelessness Act 2002/2004
]The homelessness act of 2002 has significantly shaped the way in which local
councils and governmental bodies deal with homelessness, the act itself broadly
states that local authorities have a duty of care to house or relocate those who
are, or, will become homeless within 28 days. There are some exceptions to this act
however, these include: the person in question must be a citizen of the UK and also
must have been born in the UK, the person must also be in ‘priority need’ of
assistance and or rehousing, special allowances will be made for those who are
deemed more vulnerable such as the very young or old and those who are pregnant or
have some medically recognised disability (Gov. 2002/2004) . The overall success of
the act has been debated with many citing the low number of homeless individuals
being housed, many local councils cite low levels of housing and housing be
constructed as the reasons behind such low housing statistics.
Homelessness is an issue that will likely continue to be present in the UK unless
the core causes are tackled by real sweeping legislation and enforcement upon local
councils to provide for its citizens whether they be homeless or not. However it is
critical to view homelessness in all its facets and not just purely a consequence
of economic inequalities.