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MARTINEZ, LOPEZ
Sesión Laboratorio 5
Protocolos de Enrutamiento IP (IGRP)
Martínez Robinson, López Leonel.
{roalmato@hotmail.com, leonellb07@hotmail.com}
Universidad del Valle
Router0
Se configuran las interfaces 0 y 1del enrutador Router0 para la
crear la Lan0 y la comunicación con el Router1 se configuran
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MARTINEZ, LOPEZ
las direcciones Ip de las interfaces y se habilitan, luego se Gateway Distance Last Update
selecciona el protocolo IGRP de enrutamiento para el sistema 192.168.1.2 90 896182
autónomo 100, se especifican las redes directamente Distance: internal 90 external 170
conectadas con el enrutador, IGRP es seleccionado como Router>
protocolo de enrutamiento para el sistema y todas las redes
conectadas a él procesan trafico IP. !
! ! *************************************************
! ************************************************* !
!
Press RETURN to get started! El comando Show Ip Route muestras el contenido de la tabla
Router>enable de enrutamiento, la cual contiene las redes y subredes que se
Router#configure terminal conocen y un código que indica cómo se obtuvo el aprendizaje
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with de la información.
CNTL/Z. !
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 ! *************************************************
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 !
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#exit Router#show ip route
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M -
Router(config-if)#no shutdown mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF
inter area
Router(config)#interface Serial2/0 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 external type 2
Router(config-if)#no shutdown E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 EGP
Router(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS
Router(config-if)# inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Router(config)#router eigrp 100 P - periodic downloaded static route
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 Gateway of last resort is not set
!
! ************************************************* C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
! C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/20514560] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:14,
El comando Show Ip Protocols muestra los valores de los Serial2/0
temporizadores de enrutamiento, filtros e información de red Router#
asociada con el enrutador. !
! ! *************************************************
! ************************************************* !
!
Router>show ip protocols El comando Show Ip Interface muestra las características de
funcionamiento de las interfaces de enrutador.
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100 " !
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set ! *************************************************
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set !
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Router#show ip route
Default networks accepted from incoming updates Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M -
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 mobile, B - BGP
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 inter area
Redistributing: eigrp 100 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA
Automatic network summarization is in effect external type 2
Automatic address summarization: E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
Maximum path: 4 EGP
Routing for Networks: i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS
192.168.1.0 inter area
192.168.0.0 * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Routing Information Sources: P - periodic downloaded static route
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MARTINEZ, LOPEZ
IP Flow switching is disabled
Gateway of last resort is not set IP Fast switching turbo vector
IP multicast fast switching is disabled
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 Router Discovery is disabled
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/20514560] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:14, IP output packet accounting is disabled
Serial2/0 IP access violation accounting is disabled
Router#show ip interface TCP/IP header compression is disabled
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected) RTP/IP header compression is disabled
Internet address is 192.168.0.1/24 Probe proxy name replies are disabled
Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 Policy routing is disabled
Address determined by setup command Network address translation is disabled
MTU is 1500 WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled
Helper address is not set WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled BGP Policy Mapping is disabled
Outgoing access list is not set Serial3/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Inbound access list is not set (disabled)
Proxy ARP is enabled Internet protocol processing disabled
Security level is default !
Split horizon is enabled ! *************************************************
ICMP redirects are always sent !
ICMP unreachables are always sent El mismo procedimiento para el Router1 conectado a la LAN
ICMP mask replies are never sent 2
IP fast switching is disabled
IP fast switching on the same interface is disabled %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
IP Flow switching is disabled Press RETURN to get started!
IP Fast switching turbo vector
IP multicast fast switching is disabled Router1
IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled !
Router Discovery is disabled ! *************************************************
IP output packet accounting is disabled !
IP access violation accounting is disabled Router>enable
TCP/IP header compression is disabled Router#configure terminal
RTP/IP header compression is disabled Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with
Probe proxy name replies are disabled CNTL/Z.
Policy routing is disabled Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Network address translation is disabled Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled Router(config-if)#
WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled Router(config-if)#exit
BGP Policy Mapping is disabled Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
FastEthernet1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is Router(config-if)#no shutdown
down (disabled) Router(config-if)#
Internet protocol processing disabled %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected) state to up
Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface
Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Address determined by setup command
MTU is 1500 Router(config)#interface Serial2/0
Helper address is not set Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Outgoing access list is not set Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Inbound access list is not set Router(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
Proxy ARP is enabled Router(config-if)#
Security level is default
Split horizon is enabled Router(config)#router eigrp 100
ICMP redirects are always sent Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
ICMP unreachables are always sent Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
ICMP mask replies are never sent !
IP fast switching is disabled ! *************************************************
IP fast switching on the same interface is disabled !
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MARTINEZ, LOPEZ
Purebas de funcionamiento
DESVENTAJAS
Como otra forma de ver la comunicación entre las dos redes Es un protocolo propietario (protocolo cerrado)
utilizando el protocolo de enrutamiento EIGRP es haciendo desarrollado y patentado por Cisco.
ping desde un host de la PC1 con ip: 192.168.0.2 a un host IGRP es classfull y no soporta routing CIDR.
PC6 con ip: 192.168.2.4 de la LAN 2 y viceversa. En las Su configuración requiere más trabajo.
figuras 2 y 3 se observa este proceso:
Con el protocolo IGRP y el OSPF se tiene:
OSPF
Es un protocolo abierto, puede ser usado en cualquier
equipo.
Consume muchos recursos de equipo.
Complicado para configurar y administrar.
Soporta CIDR y VSLM.
Usa como métrica el ancho de banda, delay, carga y
confiabilidad del enlace.
IGRP
Es un protocolo cerrado, propiedad de Cisco.
El consumo de recursos es estable.
Provee una configuración sencilla.
Figura 2. Ping de PC0 a PC5 No manipula mascaras de red (no permite routing
CIDR).
Usa el costo (el inverso del ancho de banda del canal)
como medida métrica.
4. EJERCICIOS DE LABORATORIO
Solución:
La topología de la red propuesta se puede observar en la figura
4 la cual está compuesta por 3 routers (Router1, Router 2 y
Figura 3. Ping de PC5 a PC0 Router3) y 3 LANs (LAN4, LAN5 y LAN6) conectadas cada
una a un router especifico en delta mediantes interface Serie
3.2 Explique las ventajas y desventajas de utilizar IGRP en además de otras 3 LANs(LAN1, LAN2 y LAN7) que
lugar de RIP v2.0. Compare el protocolo IGRP con el conectan HOSTs mediante interfaces Ethernet.
protocolo OSPF.
VENTAJAS
Determina la mejor ruta a través de una red
examinando el ancho de banda y la demora de las
redes entre los routers.
IGRP converge más rápido que RIP, por lo tanto se
evitan los ciclos de ruteo causados por el desacuerdo
entre routers sobre cuál es el próximo salto a ser
tomado.
IGRP no tiene limitación en cuanto a contador de
saltos, por lo tanto es utilizado en redes de gran
tamaño, complejas y diversas topologías.
IGRP actualiza con menor frecuencia las tablas de
enrutamiento, lo que se traduce en una menor carga
para la red.
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MARTINEZ, LOPEZ
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
Figura 4. Ping de PC5 a PC0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 100
Router0 Automatic network summarization is in effect
! Automatic address summarization:
! ************************************************* Maximum path: 4
! Routing for Networks:
192.168.0.0
Press RETURN to get started! 192.168.4.0
Router>enable 192.168.6.0
Router#configure terminal Routing Information Sources:
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with Gateway Distance Last Update
CNTL/Z. 192.168.4.2 90 2798593
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 192.168.6.2 90 3027828
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 Distance: internal 90 external 170
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#exit Router#
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 ! *************************************************
Router(config-if)#no shutdown !
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on !
FastEthernet0/0, changed state to down ! *************************************************
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#exit [1] Polanco Sarmiento, Oscar. Redes de Computadores –
Router(config)#interface Serial2/0 Prácticas de Laboratorios. Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica y
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0 Electrónica. Universidad del Valle. 2009.
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Serial2/0, [2]. Pagina WEB,
changed state to down http://www.guillesql.es/Articulos/Manual_Cisco_CCNA_Prot
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 ocolos_WAN.aspx
Router(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface Serial3/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Serial3/0,
changed state to down