Name _______________________________________
C1 End-of-course test A
1  Listen to part of a presentation given by a
business student about absence from work.
Complete the notes. Write one word in each gap.
Absence from work
Main reasons for absence
– the 1 __________ of employees, e.g. females are
more likely to have responsibility for children
– employees’ attitudes
– the 2 __________ of the organization (may be
acceptable to be absent)
– the size of employee’s work group
Public versus private sector
– public sector less 3 __________ than private sector in
dealing with absence?
– systems more bureaucratic because of 4 __________
factors?
Public-sector organizations usually:
– have a larger workforce
– provide 5 __________ with fewer restrictions
2 points for each correct answer
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2  Listen again. Decide if the statements are true
or false.
1 Experts are undecided about the extent to which
employees’ attitudes affect their attendance at
work. TRUE / FALSE
2 Employees in large groups in the workplace tend to
have poorer rates of attendance than those in small
groups. TRUE / FALSE
3 Employees working in the public sector seem to
take fewer days off than those in private-sector
roles. TRUE / FALSE
4 Both the public sector and private sector attract
roughly the same number of female employees.
TRUE / FALSE
5 Companies where managers are more trusting of
their staff have reduced their levels of staff absence.
TRUE / FALSE
2 points for each correct answer 10
10
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C1 End-of-course test A

3 Choose the best option a–c to complete the 9 Danielle and Henri are having a chat _____ handle
sentences. the latest crisis at work.
a into whether to
1 The longer you spend working for any company, b of what to
_____ experience you’ll acquire. c about how to
a more 10 I hope we’ll be able to keep in touch with each
b the most other _____ you end up living!
c the more a whenever
2 Cemal hopes _____ a decision on staff recruitment b wherever
by the end of this week. c whichever
a will have made
b to have made 1 point for each correct answer 10
c have made
4 Complete the sentences with words from the box
3 Some of my colleagues appear to get on well with
in their correct form. There are three words that
the new manager, but I _____.
you don’t need.
a do
b don’t
absorb care different excess facilitate
c did
frustrate notice overcome radical short
4 Chen _____ have bothered getting to the airport so
spare virtual vocation
early as her flight was delayed by two hours.
a didn’t need to
1 Key political leaders __________ a discussion
b didn’t have to
between the various parties by arranging a two-day
c needn’t
meeting.
5 Luca enjoys eating _____ vegetable, apart from
2 New building regulations mean that the plans for
cabbage, that is.
our house have had to be changed. They’re now
a any
__________ different to the original ones.
b many
3 Despite the physical challenges the athlete faced, he
c either
__________ the difficulties and completed the race.
6 We _____ this morning’s meeting at ten o’clock as
4 Ingrid wants to join one of the __________
usual.
professions and plans to train as a social worker
a were supposed to starting
when she leaves school.
b meant to have started
5 Due to the current __________ of health
c were meant to have started
professionals in this country, the hospital is
7 The country’s central bank _____ raise interest
advertising for staff internationally.
rates early next year, in my opinion.
6 When it comes to holiday destinations, I’m
a is bound to
__________ so I’ll let you choose where to go.
b is doubtful if
7 That cloth won’t be __________ enough to clean
c is likely that
up all this water on the floor.
8 Do you think you _____ some time off before the
8 Many people say that getting __________ training
end of the year?
is as important as academic qualifications when it
a are just about to take
comes to success at work.
b will be taking
9 Could you make sure you use the sauce
c are to have taken
__________ – there’s not much left in the bottle.
10 It wasn’t very __________ that they’d had the room
repainted as they used a very similar shade of paint.

1 point for each correct answer 10

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Name _______________________________________
C1 End-of-course test A
5 Read the text about graffiti.
Graffiti – art or vandalism?
A of physical obstacles such as fences or gates – though
The word ‘graffiti’ comes from the Italian word
graffito, meaning ‘scratching’. Graffiti may be
described as any marking etched or written onto
buildings or other structures, or sometimes onto natural
features such as rocks. Graffiti has been around since
the time of the Greeks and Romans. Examples can be
seen on ancient structures, some of which have
become historically and archaeologically significant
where they give an insight into the social history of
their time. More recent graffiti, however, has become a
universal problem, mainly due to the fact that there are
readily available substances, such as spray paints,
which offer a cheap and quick medium for creating it.
B high-pressure or hot water, which is potentially
Those responsible for graffiti are often indiscriminate
about the surfaces they choose for their work.
Wherever it appears, the priority is usually to remove it
as quickly as possible. In many instances the aim is to
do so within just a few hours, one reason being that the
materials used become extremely difficult to erase
once dried. Other reasons are to deter imitation and to
stop more serious types of vandalism taking place,
which can contribute to the general decline of a
neighbourhood. The police like to be notified of new
graffiti incidents and, in order to achieve a successful
prosecution, they encourage property owners to take
photographs, which can often be linked up with other
incidents in the area. The graffitist’s distinctive mark,
known as a ‘tag’, can also be used to identify the
culprit.
C which is usually water.
Naturally, prevention of graffiti is preferable to its
removal and there are a number of measures that can
be adopted to combat a recurring problem. Popular
places for graffiti are often flat surfaces with easy
access and where it will have an immediate impact, but
graffitists often climb onto bridges and other structures
where their work will be more prominent. Possible
protection measures include floodlighting of dark areas
and the installation of closed-circuit television.
Research has shown that cameras placed where they
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are easily visible can reduce the incidence of graffiti in
high-risk areas. The cost of these measures may be
prohibitively high, so an alternative is the introduction
in some cases, these simply offer graffitists a new site
for their work.
D
Another preventative strategy is an anti-graffiti barrier
coating. This is usually put on using a spray or a brush,
leaving a thin coating which separates the graffiti from
the material it has been applied to. While not
preventing the application of graffiti, a barrier coating
greatly reduces the effort needed to remove it and
usually only requires water, thereby lessening the risk
of damage to the site surface. With some substances,
however, the coating will need to be reapplied each
time graffiti is removed, while others require the use of
damaging to the surface.
E
When the decision is taken to remove graffiti, no one
treatment will be suitable for all situations. For
instance, some techniques designed for modern
surfaces can be harmful to older, more historic
buildings. The owners of some graffiti-affected sites
choose to bring in specialists, while others prefer to
tackle the problem themselves. In either case, it is
important that a systematic approach is adopted. The
first step is to perform cleaning trials to determine
which method of removal is most appropriate, and
which method has the least impact on the site surface.
Wherever possible, these trials should be carried out
on an area which would not be easily noticed and
should begin with the least damaging cleaning method,
F
Apart from water, chemical and mechanical systems
can be effective in removing graffiti. With either of
these, the protection of the public and the person
removing the graffiti must be prioritized. Chemical
methods involve dissolving the graffiti medium – these
solvents can range from relatively harmless to
potentially dangerous chemical compounds. It is
therefore important to wear protective clothing, to
minimize any spillage and to avoid the drift of
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Name _______________________________________

C1 End-of-course test A

chemical mists. Mechanical systems are often in the
form of wire-brushing and grit-blasting, which attempt
to wear away the graffiti from the surface it has been
applied to. Operators of mechanical systems must wear
protective clothing to avoid being hurt by hard
particles flying through the air.
Which paragraph contains the following
information? Write the correct letter A–F. You
may use any letter more than once.
1 the fact that some strategies for tackling graffiti
may actually lead to an increase in it _____
2 a reason why all instances of graffiti cannot be
removed in the same way _____
3 a claim that graffiti can have a negative effect on a
local community _____
4 information about potential risks people face when
graffiti is being removed _____
5 measures that can be taken to help bring effective
legal action against graffitists _____
6 Complete the sentences with no more than two
words. The words must appear in the text.
1 Ancient graffiti is of interest when it records a
____________________ of that period.
2 The unique signature of graffitists, known as a
____________________, can assist police in
finding and prosecuting them.
3 Surfaces treated with a barrier coating can normally
be cleaned with ____________________.
4 In order to establish the best method of removing
graffiti, it is recommended that
____________________ are carried out.
5 Operators of both chemical and mechanical graffiti
removal systems must have
____________________.
2 points for each correct answer 10

2 points for each correct answer 10

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Name _______________________________________

C1 End-of-course test A

7 Complete the second sentence so that it has a 8 There’s not much hope that an agreement will be
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the reached in the near future.
word given. Do not change the word given. You OFF
must use between three and six words, including It’s thought that an agreement
the word given. ______________________________.
9 I don’t want you giving out personal information
1 I’m not feeling very confident because so many about me again without my permission.
companies have rejected me recently. WON’T
HAVING I ______________________________ giving out
I’m not feeling very confident personal information about me again without my
______________________________ so many permission.
companies recently. 10 You really should think about how the lack of
2 My choice would be to go to the mountains as it’ll forward planning contributed to these disappointing
be cooler there in the summer. results.
SOONER URGE
Given the ______________________________ go I ______________________________ think about
to the mountains as it’ll be cooler there in the how the lack of forward planning contributed to
summer. these disappointing results.
3 I can pick up your prescription at lunchtime as I’m
planning to go out to the shops anyway. 2 points for each correct answer 20
BE
I can pick up your prescription at lunchtime as I
______________________________ out to the
shops anyway.
4 The recent profit warning is to blame for the
reduction in the company’s share price.
DOWN
The reduction in the company’s share price
______________________________ the recent
profit warning.
5 The local council still hasn’t done anything about
all the litter that gets dropped around town.
ABOUT
It’s ______________________________
something about all the litter that gets dropped
around town,
6 The awards ceremony lasted much longer than I’d
expected. I was bored stiff by the end!
DRAGGED
The awards ceremony
______________________________ much longer
than I’d expected. I was bored stiff by the end!
7 Martin was the only person who said he’d help.
ONLY
It ______________________________ to help.

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Name _______________________________________

C1 End-of-course test A

8 Complete the mini-dialogues. Use two words in 7

each space.
A Could I borrow your car for a while this
afternoon?
1
B It ____________________ you mean by ‘a
A How many delegates showed up for the
while’.
opening event?
8
B I’m not sure exactly, but I’d say there were
about 100 people there or something A The situation is still rather unsettled.
____________________.
B Yes, and I guess only
2 ____________________ tell if we need to
revisit the measures we’ve put in place.
A Did we sell much of the merchandise?
9
B We sold all of it in the end. The ‘buy one get
one free’ offer made A Please remember that it’s strictly
____________________ difference. confidential.
3 B Don’t worry! Never in a
____________________ would I tell anyone
A Am I ____________________ thinking that
about it.
we’ve had fewer complaints since we
switched supplier? 10
B I’m afraid not. We’ve saved money, but A I’m not very fit so I didn’t really enjoy the
customers appear to be less than happy about climb up the mountain.
quality.
B Well for me, ____________________ it
4 really worthwhile was the view from the top.
A We need to look at the 2 points for each correct answer 20
____________________ here if we’re to
capture all contributing factors.
B I agree with you entirely. We need a more End-of-course test A total 100
complete overview.
5
A I don’t think I’m quite
____________________ there.
B OK, I’ll put it another way.
6
A What do think the finance committee will
say?
B I expect their response will be something
____________________ lines of the last
time they rejected one of our proposals.

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