PVSYST V6.

87 21/08/20 Page 1/8

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project : New Project

Geographical Site Mango Country Bangladesh

Situation Latitude 24.96° N Longitude 91.00° E

Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+6 Altitude 9m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Mango Meteonorm 7.2 (1991-2010), Sat=100% - Synthetic

Simulation variant : 1.593, 445Wp Bifacial, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_7m, 13 deg_Central, N-S azimuth
Simulation date 21/08/20 13h54
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Simulation parameters System type Sheds, single array

Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 13° Azimuth 0°

Sheds configuration Nb. of sheds 103 Single array

Sheds spacing 7.00 m Collector width 4.23 m
Inactive band Top 0.02 m Bottom 0.02 m
Shading limit angle Limit profile angle 18.5° Ground cov. Ratio (GCR) 60.4 %

Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm

Horizon Free Horizon

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

Bifacial system Model Unlimited sheds, 2D calculation

Sheds spacing 7.00 m Sheds width 4.27 m
Limit profile angle 18.5° GCR 61.0 %
Ground albedo 13.0 % Height above ground 1.50 m
Module bifaciality factor 70 % Rear shading factor 5.0 %
Module transparency 0.0 % Rear mismatch loss 10.0 %

User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

Grid power limitation Active Power 32.0 MW Pnom ratio 1.593

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-mono Model LR4-72HBD-445M-glaze
Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Longi Solar
Number of PV modules In series 28 modules In parallel 4092 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 114576 Unit Nom. Power 445 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 50986 kWp At operating cond. 46309 kWp (50° C)
Array operating characteristics (50° C) U mpp 1026 V I mpp 45142 A
Total area Module area 249039 m²

Inverter Model SG3125HV-30

Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Sungrow
Characteristics Operating Voltage 875-1300 V Unit Nom. Power 3125 kWac
Max. power (=>45° C) 3437 kWac

Inverter pack Nb. of inverters 22 * MPPT 50 % Total Power 34375 kWac

Pnom ratio 1.48

PV Array loss factors

PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 2/8

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 2.0 %
Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m² K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m² K / m/s

Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 0.33 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.3 % at STC
LID - Light Induced Degradation Loss Fraction 1.5 %
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.3 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 0.5 % at MPP
Strings Mismatch loss Loss Fraction 0.10 %
Module average degradation Year no 1 Loss factor 0.46 %/year
Mismatch due to degradation Imp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year Vmp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year
Incidence effect (IAM): Fresnel AR coating, n(glass)=1.526, n(AR)=1.290

0° 30° 50° 60° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°

1.000 0.999 0.987 0.962 0.892 0.816 0.681 0.440 0.000

Spectral correction FirstSolar model

Coefficient Set C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0

System loss factors

AC loss, transfo to injection Grid Voltage 33 kV
Wires: 3x1000.0 mm² 8325 m Loss Fraction 0.7 % at STC
External transformer Iron loss (24H connexion) 100198 W Loss Fraction 0.2 % at STC
Resistive/Inductive losses 326.1 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC

Unavailability of the system 3.7 days, 5 periods Time fraction 1.0 %

Auxiliaries loss Proportionnal to Power 1.5 W/kW ... from Power thresh. 3437.0 kW
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 3/8

Grid-Connected System: Near shading definition

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.593, 445Wp Bifacial, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_7m, 13 deg_Central, N-S azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Sheds, single array

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation tilt 13° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR4-72HBD-445M-glaze Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 114576 Pnom total 50986 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Perspective of the PV-field and surrounding shading scene

Iso-shadings diagram
New Project
Beam shading factor (according to strings)12h
: Iso-shadings curves
90
Shading loss: 1 % 1
Attenuation for diffuse:
2
0.019
1: 22 june
Shading loss: 5 % and albedo: 0.719
2: 22 may - 23 july
Shading
11h loss: 10 %
13h3: 20 apr - 23 aug
Shading loss: 20 % 3
75 4: 20 mar - 23 sep
Shading loss: 40 %
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
6: 19 jan - 22 nov
10h 4 14hdecember
7: 22
60

5
9h
Sun height [[°]]

15h

45 6
7
8h
16h

30

7h
17h

15
6h
18h

Behind Behind
the plane the plane
0
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
Azimuth [[° ]]
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 4/8

Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.593, 445Wp Bifacial, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_7m, 13 deg_Central, N-S azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Sheds, single array

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation tilt 13° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR4-72HBD-445M-glaze Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 114576 Pnom total 50986 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Main simulation results

System Production Produced Energy 78746 MWh/year Specific prod. 1544 kWh/kWp/year

Performance Ratio PR 80.46 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 50986 kWp Performance Ratio PR
7 1.0

Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.81 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.805
0.9
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.22 kWh/kWp/day
6
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 4.23 kWh/kWp/day
0.8
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]

5 0.7
Performance Ratio PR

0.6
4

0.5

3
0.4

2 0.3

0.2
1
0.1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1.593, 445Wp Bifacial, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_7m, 13 deg_Central, N-S azimuth

Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR

kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh

January 139.2 33.2 17.16 170.2 162.0 7475 7182 0.828

February 140.4 48.9 20.25 160.6 152.9 6926 6507 0.795

March 171.9 68.9 24.44 185.1 175.6 7719 7422 0.787

April 173.6 88.4 26.27 177.2 167.1 7525 7242 0.802

May 174.0 100.7 27.66 171.5 161.3 7372 7096 0.812

June 138.9 96.5 27.74 135.0 126.3 5928 5508 0.800

July 141.1 88.7 28.42 137.4 128.7 5895 5593 0.799

August 147.3 87.4 28.56 147.2 138.3 6286 5644 0.752

September 141.4 81.3 27.58 146.9 138.2 6291 6050 0.808

October 149.5 63.3 26.50 166.2 157.4 7129 6854 0.809

November 143.7 30.7 22.52 173.6 165.3 7423 7132 0.806

December 121.0 42.0 18.84 148.6 140.5 6781 6516 0.860

Year 1782.0 830.0 24.68 1919.4 1813.4 82749 78746 0.805

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings

DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array

T_Amb T amb. E_Grid Energy injected into grid

GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane PR Performance Ratio

PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 5/8

Grid-Connected System: Special graphs

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.593, 445Wp Bifacial, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_7m, 13 deg_Central, N-S azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Sheds, single array

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation tilt 13° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR4-72HBD-445M-glaze Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 114576 Pnom total 50986 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Daily Input/Output diagram

300000
Values from 01/01 to 31/12
250000
[kWh/day]

200000
grid

150000
into

100000
injected

50000
Energy

-50000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Global incident in coll. plane [kWh/m² .day]

System Output Power Distribution

2000000 Values from 01/01 to 31/12

Energy injected into grid [kWh / Bin]

1500000

1000000

500000

0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000
Power injected into grid [kW]
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 6/8

Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.593, 445Wp Bifacial, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_7m, 13 deg_Central, N-S azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Sheds, single array

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation tilt 13° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR4-72HBD-445M-glaze Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 114576 Pnom total 50986 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Loss diagram over the whole year

1782 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

+7.7% Global incident in coll. plane

-0.05% Global incident below threshold

-1.06% Near Shadings: irradiance loss
-2.57% IAM factor on global
-2.00% Soiling loss factor
+0.02% Ground reflection on front side

Bi-facial
Global incident on ground
642 kWh/m² on 408452 m²

-87.00%
Ground reflection loss (albedo)
-49.34% View Factor for rear side
+4.19% Sky diffuse on the rear side

0.00% Beam effective on the rear side

-5.00% Shadings loss on rear side
3.78% Global Irradiance on rear side (69 kWh/m2)
1813 kWh/m² * 249039 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors
efficiency at STC = 20.50% PV conversion, Bifaciality factor = 0.70
95045 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)
-0.22% Module Degradation Loss ( for year #1)
+0.02% PV loss due to irradiance level
-6.56% PV loss due to temperature
+0.34% Spectral correction
-0.03% Shadings: Electrical Loss acc. to strings
+0.28% Module quality loss
-1.50% LID - Light induced degradation
-0.54% Mismatch loss, modules and strings
-0.37% Mismatch for back irradiance
-0.86% Ohmic wiring loss
86267 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP

-1.44% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-0.61% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
0.00% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
-0.01% Night consumption
84494 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

-0.14% Auxiliaries (fans, other)

-0.99% System unavailability
-0.35% AC ohmic loss
-1.79% External transfo loss
-3.67% Unused energy (grid limitation)
78746 MWh Energy injected into grid
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 7/8

Grid-Connected System: Ageing Tool

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.593, 445Wp Bifacial, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_7m, 13 deg_Central, N-S azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Sheds, single array

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation tilt 13° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR4-72HBD-445M-glaze Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 114576 Pnom total 50986 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Ageing Parameters Time span of simulation 20 years

Module average degradation Loss factor 0.46 %/year
Mismatch due to degradation Imp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year Vmp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year
Meteo used in the simulation
#1 Mango MN72 SYN Years 1990 Years simulated 1-20

Energy injected into grid #1 #1 #1

Year E Grid PR PR loss
79000 MWh %
Mango MN72 SYN - 1990 1 78747 0.805 0%
2 78534.3 0.803 -0.3%
78000
3 78287.7 0.8 -0.6%
4 78006.6 0.797 -0.9%
5 77690.7 0.794 -1.3%
77000
6 77318 0.79 -1.8%
7 76894.1 0.786 -2.3%
MWh

76000 8 76448.5 0.781 -2.9%

9 75990.9 0.777 -3.5%
Grid

10 75531.4 0.772 -4.1%

75000 11 75112.5 0.768 -4.6%
E

12 74737.6 0.764 -5.1%

13 74377 0.76 -5.5%
74000
14 74028 0.756 -6%
15 73688.9 0.753 -6.4%
16 73383.9 0.75 -6.8%
73000
17 73104.9 0.747 -7.2%
18 72811.1 0.744 -7.5%
72000 19 72485.6 0.741 -7.9%
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 72112.3 0.737 -8.4%
Year of operation

Performance Ratio

0.82
Mango MN72 SYN - 1990

0.80

0.78
PR

0.76

0.74

0.72
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Year of operation
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 8/8

Grid-Connected System: P50 - P90 evaluation

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.593, 445Wp Bifacial, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_7m, 13 deg_Central, N-S azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Sheds, single array

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation tilt 13° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR4-72HBD-445M-glaze Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 114576 Pnom total 50986 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Evaluation of the Production probability forecast

The probability distribution of the system production forecast for different years is mainly dependent

on the meteo data used for the simulation, and depends on the following choices:

Meteo data source Meteonorm 7.2 (1991-2010), Sat=100%

Meteo data Kind TMY, multi-year
Specified Deviation Climate change 0.0 %
Year-to-year variability Variance 2.5 %

The probability distribution variance is also depending on some system parameters uncertainties
Specified Deviation PV module modelling/parameters 1.0 %
Inverter efficiency uncertainty 0.5 %
Soiling and mismatch uncertainties 1.0 %
Degradation uncertainty 1.0 %
Global variability (meteo + system) Variance 3.1 % (quadratic sum)

Annual production probability Variability 2427 MWh

P50 78746 MWh
P90 75634 MWh
P75 77110 MWh

Probability distribution

0.50
0.45 P50 = 78745839 kWh
0.40 E_Grid simul = 78745839 kWh
0.35
P75 = 77109559 kWh
0.30
Probability

0.25
0.20
P90 = 75633583 kWh
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
70000000 72000000 74000000 76000000 78000000 80000000 82000000 84000000 86000000
E_Grid system production kWh