Characters and arithmetic operators Character | Description / ‘Addition Subtraction Multiplicat Division Exponential Creates vectors with equally spaced elements, represents rang of elements in arrays Assignment operator Parentheses; enclose input arguments in functions and subscripts of arrays Brackets; forms arrays, enclose output arguments in functions Separates array subscripts and function arguments; separates commands in the same line Suppresses display; ends row in array Single quote; matrix transpose; creates string Ellipsis; continuation of line Percent; denotes a comment, specifies output format. n (Scalar and array) Element-by-element multiplication of arrays Element-by-element division Element-by-element exponentiation Display formats in Command window Command (format) | Description ‘compact Eliminates empty lines loose ‘Adds empty lines short Fixed point with 4 decimal digits long Fixed point with 15 decimal digits short e Scientific notation with 4 decimal digits Jonge Scientific notation with 15 decimal digits bank 2 decimal digits long g Best of 15 digit fixed/floating short g Best of 5 digit fixed/floating point rot Conver} decimal te fachonsMathematics function and rounding | Function Description sqrt | Square root exp fe abs —_| Absolute value (eg. Ix!) factorial | Factorial function og | in logio | log base 10 sin | sine (in radians) sind e (in degrees) asin | inverse sine (in radians) asind | inverse sine (in degrees) sinh | hyperbolic sine round | Round to the nearest integer fix | Round towards zero [eg. fix(-4.34)=-4] ceil | Round towards positive infinity feg.ceil-4.3 floor | Round towards negative infinity eg. floor(-4.3 rem | Returns the remainder after x is divided by y Managing compounds Command | Description de Clears the command window clear | Remove all variables from memory clearxyz | Removes variables x y z from the memory close _| Closes the active Figure Window cd Changes current directory global —_| Declares global variables who Displays variables currently in the memory felose —_| Closes file fopen | Opensa file Predefined variables Variable Description | Pi 7 eps Smallest difference between 2 numbers infor inf | Infinity i ans Value of last expression NaN ornan | Not a number. Used to express mathematically undefined valuesCreating arrays reshape(A, m, n) rand (N)/(M,N) randi (imax,N), randn (N)/(M,N) ’ax,M,N) Function Description diag Creates a diagonal matrix from a vector. Creates a vector from the diagonal of a matrix. eye Creates a unit matrix (specify rows and columns if needed) leg. eve (1,4) = 1000] 1 0 0 0 o 1 0 0 o 0 1 0 eye(4)= ° ° ° + (4 rows and 4 columns) linspace(f, |, a) Creates equally spaced vector. = first number, | = last number, n= number of terms ones (F, ¢) Creates array with ones zeros(r,¢) Creates array with zeros length Number of elements in the vector size Number of rows and columns in a matrix/vector Rearrange matrix (change number of rows and columns) Generate random numbers (0-1) in NxN or MxN matrix Generate random integers (1-imax) in NxN or MxN matrix Generate random numbers (mean 0, SD 1) in NxN or MxN matrix Atm) All rows of column n am, :) All columns of row m A:, m:n) All rows of columns m ton Almn, :) Al columns of rows m ton Alm:n,, pq) Columns of p to q of rows m ton Array functions Function dot (A,B) Dot product; computes inner product of 2 vectors. (a and b > MUST same size) det (A) Calculate the determinant of matrix A inv Inverse of square matrix max Maximum value min Minimum value median Median value sum(v) sum sort(y) elements sorted into ascending order (by column first) std standard deviation cross(v,w) cross product, (v and w > must have 3 elements)Input to a script file ~~ variable_name=input(‘prompt’) a = prompt > text that input command displays in command window = puta (1) space or (2) a colon and a space at the end of prompt ~> separated from the prompt Input to a script file (string) + method 1: name = input (‘Your name: ‘) - method 2: variable_name = input(‘prompt, ‘s’ name = input("Your name: ‘,‘s') - ‘s': specify input is a string {printf to save output to file 1, Open file: fid=fopen('file_name', 'permission') i 4 identer Tells how file will be used r+ read (default if not specified) wt write (overwrite content if any) a: append (continue adding to content if any) 2. Write to file with fprint£. Use it exactly as before but insert fd before the format string tprintf (fid, ‘format string', variables) Close file: £close (£id) Input and output ‘Command Description disp Displays output ‘printf isplays/saves output (print column by column) Display Character Single quotation mark |“ Percent i [New line \n Horizontal tab \t Conversion specifier | Format — oxyf Fixed point x: min. number of characters to display y: number of decimal points to display ee ‘Scientific ed Integers 6s String input Prompts for user input oy Retrieves variables to the workspace save Saves variables in the workspace xisread Imports data from Excel20 plot Light ntonsty 2.2 Functon of Distance SOs TEXT [LABEL (Optional) ‘specifiers that Veefor Vector define the type and color (Optional) Properties with values that can be used to ofthe line and markers. specify the line width, and marker’ size and edge, and fill colors. Marker type Specifier Line color Specifier Plus sign + Red r - Circle ° Green g Asterisk : Blue b Point i Cyan ke Cross x Magenta ™m Triangle (point up) * Yellow y Triangle (point down) | v Black k Triangle (pointleft) | < Triangle (point right) __| > Line style Specifier Square s Solid (default) - Diamond d Dashed = Five pointed star P Dotted Sixcpointed star h Dash-dot =