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Fatigue Properties of Aluminum Alloys at Various: Direct Stress Ratios Part 1. Rolled Alloys
Fatigue Properties of Aluminum Alloys at Various: Direct Stress Ratios Part 1. Rolled Alloys
PART 1
SI,
S. J. LA ZAN
A. A. BLATIriPWICK
Statement A
Approved for Public Release
I i
NOTICES
*ssueuzoeuuPC0C1
WADC TECHNICAL REPORT 52-307
PART 1
B. J. Lazan
A. A. Blatberwiek
University of Minnesota
September 1953 g
Materials Laboratory
Contract No. AF 33(038)-20840
RDO No. 614-16
WADOC TR 52-307 Pt 1
ABSTRACT
PUBLICATION REVIEW
Sections Page
1. Introduction . . . . . .. . . .... 1
II. Prior Work . . . . . . . . . . . 1
III. Test Program . . . . . . . .* * . .. 2
IV. Test Materials . .. . . . ....... 2
4.1 Specifications ................ 2
4.2 Processing .. .. . . .. . . . .. .. . 2
4.3 Chemical Analysis. .o. . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4 Metallographic Structure. .o. o . .
.o. ... 3
V. Test Specimens... . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. 4
5.1 Design of Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5.2 Preparation of Specimens . . . o o . . . . 4
VI. Testing Equipment and Procedures. . . . .o. o ... .. 7
6. 1 Fatigue-testing Machines o .. . .. . . 7
6.2 Grips. . . . o.. . o.. . . . . ... . . . . . 8
6.3 Calibration of Machines and Grips. .a. . . . 9
6.4 Test Procedure at High Mean Stress. . o . . 9
VII. Results and Discussion, . .*. o . .o. . . .. . . 10
7.1 Static Tensile and Hardness Properties . o o 10
7.2 Creep and Rupture Properties o . . . . . .o. 11
7.3 Effect of Stress Relief on Fatigue Properties of
Notched and Unnotched Specimens . . . . . . 12
7.4 Fatigue Properties of 14S-T6 ........ 13
7.5 Fatigue Properties of 24S-T4 . . . . . .. . 20
7.6 Fatigue Properties of 75S-T6 . . . .. .. . 21
VIII. Comparison and Analysis of Data. . . . . . ... 21
8.1 Fatigue Properties of Unnotched Specimens o 21
8.2 Notch Sensitivity Properties - . . - ..0. . 23
IX. Summary and Conclusions .. . o . .. .. . .. . . . 24
Bibliography . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. 28
Appendix A. . . * ........................ .. . 29
Table s
I. Chemical Analyses of The Three Test MAaterials: .. . * . 31
H. Static Properties of 14S-T6. . . . .. . .. . .. .. 31
III. Static Properties of 243-T4 .. . . ... . .. . . 32
IV. Static Properties of 753-T6. . .o. . . . . . . 0 * * 33
V. Effect of Stress Relief on Hardness and Fatigue Properties 34
VI. Fatigue Data for 143-T6 . . . . . . o o . . . . . . . 35
VII. Fatigue Data for 24S-T4 0 . . . . . . .0. . . 0 . .. . 36
VIII. Fatigue Data for 75S-T6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
WADC TR 52-307 Pt 1 v
Figures Page
WADC TR 52-307 Pt 1 vi
Figure Page
.I. INTRODUCTION
4. 1 Specifications
The three aluminum alloys used in this program were: 14S-T6
(spec. QQ-A-266), 24S-T4 (spec. QQ-A-268), and 75S-T6 (spec. QQ-A-
282) in rolled bar stock form. The results of tests on rolled stock only
are given in this part. Data on extruded alloys are to be presented in
Part II of this report to be issued in the near future.
4.2 Processing
Each of the three test materials, furnished by the Aluminum Com-
pany of America in the final heat-treated form, was received as rolled bars
20 feet long by 1 1/8" in diameter.
V. TEST SPECIMENS
5. 1 Design of Specimens
The four types of specimens used to obtain a range of stress con-
centration, illustrated in Fig. 2, are described below. All specimens
tested have the same diameter (0. 400") at the test section.
Type V Unnotched Specimen has a single fillet which is large enough
to justify the assumption of zero concentration of stress (theoretical stress
concentration factor Kt is one). In some of the early tests on this speci-
men, failures were experienced in the thread instead of in the test section.
This difficulty was almost completely corrected by using a larger than
standard radius at the root of the thread (the "Unified" thread is now used)
and in some cases the thread root was also rolled. Also a stress reliev-
ing groove of 3/16" radius was machined near the inside edge of the thread
in some cases.
Type W Notched Specimen has a 0. 400" diameter test section at the
root of a semicircular circumferential notch of radius 0. 100". The theo-
retical stress concentration factor, as calculated from Neuber's charts (12),
is 1.6.
Type AB Notched Specimen has a circumferential 600 V notch with a
0.032" root radius. The theoretical stress concentration factor for this
specimen is 2.4.
Type X Notched Specimen has a 600 V notch with a 0. 010 inch root
radius. The theoretical stress concentration factor for this specimen is
3.4.
6. 1 Fatigue-testing Machines
Two different types of fatigue-testing machines were used to cover
the range of axial stress required. The axial stress fatigue machine Li
was used for low and medium alternating force tests, whereas a Sonntag
fatigue machine with an amplifying fixture was used for high alternating
force tests. Overlapping tests were made so that data from the two ma-
chines could be compared directly and no significant difference in fatigue
properties was found.
6. 1. 1 Axial Stress Fatigue Machine, Model Ll. Machines of this
type, see Fig. 4, were originally developed for dynamic creep and ruptur
tests at elevated temperatures (10). Alternating force up to + 5000 pounds
is produced by a 3600 rpm centrifugal force type of mechanical oscillator
0 and preload is applied by means of flexible calibrated springs P which are
kept at a constant force during the test by an automatic follow-up system.
The test specimen S is securely held between grips K and L which are de-
scribed in Section 6.2.
In some of the low stress ratio tests, the preload capacity was found
to be adequate and the preload amplifying fixture shown in Fig. 5 was used.
In this fixture the force in the preload compression spring P, adjusted to
the desired value with the aid of vernier scale V, is transmitted through
lever A to the lower grip K. The universal joint type of fulcrum is located
so as to produce a four-fold amplification in the 1000 pound force capacity
of spring P. Provisions are included in this preload amplifying fixture to
6.2 Grips
The production and maintenance of a uniform stress distribution in
direct stress fatigue specimens constitute a most important task. Very
small errors in alignment in the specimen-grip assembly may frequently
result in large extraneous bending stress, which may seriously reduce the
observed fatigue strengths. As a result of these observations, particular
emphasis was placed on procuring and maintaining uniform stress distri-
bution in the specimen during: (a) clamping of specimen-grip assembly in
fatigue machine, (b) application of preload, and (c) application of alternating
force.
Stress distribution in specimens held in commercially manufactured
grips was not satisfactory, so new types of grips were developed. Fig. 7
shows the assembled specimen-grip combination. In order to align the
grips, the specimen S, nuts J, plate H, cap K, and screws A are assembled
only to establish the general effects of the various types of notches on the
static tensile strength but also to determine the zero stress ratio points
for the stress range fatigue diagrams to be presented later. The results
of these tests, given in Tables II, III, and IV, indicate generally higher
static strengths for the fatigue type specimens than for the ASTM tension
specimens. Thig is shown graphically in the lower part of Fig. 8 in which
is plotted the tensile strength of the various types of fatigue specimens as a
function of the notch severity, specified in terms of the theoretical stress
concentration factor Kt.
preload.
Here again, there is a gradual transition in going from the severely
notched specimen (Fig. 26c) to the mildly notched specimens (Fig. 28), the
three regions discussed previously being least apparent in the case of the
mild notch. Also, the Kf peak occurs at higher stress ratio A and at some-
what shorter life in the case of the mild notch. It is therefore apparent that
K f varies significantly with both stress ratio and life and that the pattern of
variation is dependent on the severity of the notch.
Several attempts have been made in the past (15) (16) to analyse the
over-all fatigue reduction factor Kf in terms of two more basic quantities:
(a) the theoretical stress concentration factor Kt determined from the geo-
metry of the notch, and (b) a material factor. A quantity sometimes used
to represent the material fcctor is the dimensionless quantity q given by the
expression q Kf . On the basis of this definition q would normally
Kt- 1
lie between 0 (for a material that is extremely notch insensitive) to 1 (for a
material which is extremely notch sensitive).
It is unlikely that a single material constant of the type q would ade-
quately define the behavior of material at all stress ratios since both the
static and fatigue properties may be involved to a varying degree. For si-
milar reasons q is likely to be dependent upon fatigue life. Past work (16)
indicates that q does vary considerably with factors other than material.
Nevertheless, in the absence of a better measure of the material factor the
values of q are diagrammed in Fig. 29 within alternating and mean stress
coordinates for the three type specimens Kt = 1.6, 2.4, and 3.4). Although
*The points marked "B" in Fig. 64 designate the rotating beam fatigue
strengths for a British alloy, B5562-1, having a chemical composition and
static strength similar to 14S-T6.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
16. C. S. Yen, T. J. Dolan, "A Critical Review of the Criteria for Notch-
Sensitivity in Fatigue of Metals", Bul. No. 398, University of Illinois
Engineering Experiment Station, March, 1952.
APPENDIX A
The terms and symbols used in this report are defined below. In
general, they are the same notation as used in the ASTM Manual on Fatigue
Testing (17) with a few minor deviations and some extensions.
S -- Static Ultimate Strength.
S -- Instantaneous Principal Stress (tensile stresses considered positive,
compressive negative.)
SCn Crest Fatigue Strength - the highest crest stress that may be endured
cn for a specified number of alternating stress cycles at a given stress
ratio without failure.
Smn Mean Fatigue Strength - the highest mean stress that may be imposed
at a given stress ratio for a specified number of alternating stress
cycles without failure.
"Kt Theoretical Stress Concentration Factor - the ratio of the true maxi-
mum stress based on the geometry of a notch to the nominal stress.
"Kf Fatigue Strength Reduction Factor - the ratio of the Fatigue Strength
of an unnotched specimen or member to that of a notched specimen
or member at the same life and stress ratio.
Alloy Sample Cu-% Fe-% Si-% Mn-% Mg-% Zn-% Cr-% Ti-%
14S-T6 Rod #1 4.20 .50 .83 .76 .40 .00 .00 .05
Rod #6 4.19 .51 .81 .78 .40 .01 .00 .05
Rod #11 4.22 .50 .83 .78 .41 .01 .00 .05
24S-T4 Rod #2 4.25 .30 .13 .63 1.42 .07 .01 .02
Rod #7 4.20 .30 .14 .63 1.46 .07 .02 .02
Rod #13 4.17 .30 .13 63 1.49 .07 .02 .02
75S-T6 Rod #1 *1.59 *.32 .15 .03 2.35 *5.60 .26 .05
Rod#6 *1.55 *.32 .15 .03 2.40 *5.52 .26 .05
Rod #11 *1.63 *34 .15 .03 2.32 *5.51 .26 .05
F3-W 76.3
B4-X 73.2
F13-X 72.6
D17-X 75.2
AI0-X 74.8 0. 027"
G17-X 75.0 0. 032"
Average for Type X Spec. 74.2 0. 029"
*Standard ASTM specimen and test, 0. 505" diameter, 2" gage length.
Per Cent**
Material Specimen Rockwell B Fatigue Test Change in Sc
and Heat No. and Before After Stress Sc N to Fail for Same N
Treatment Type H. T. H.T. Ratio A (ksi) Kilocycles Due to H. T.
N .- C C) C L:OC06
00~~~~~~~~~~~
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-- - -- - -
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DOUBLE SCALE~tt-
NOTCHES TO BE CYL. GROUND WITH VERY LOW FINISHING SPEED,
LL K
LL
-- •~ I•J• !
D 1
t F
-F-7
ELONG. OF
POINT AND LINE CODE A.S.T.M. SPEC.
•.!40 ASTM PG
4.060
.040f
0_ _
.020 0.=
0
(n
___75S-T6
105
z
I'-/
I74S-T6
U,,
- / 0
SPýEC. 75S-T6
SPC.2 4S-T-
A.ST.
A.S.T.M.SPEC. 14S-T
7 0 v tTYPE V
ITYPE
i WI I TYPE
l AB II TYPE X
S I PECMENSWIT
OR K,3.4SPECIMEN FRACTURED
/
r cd f
U) -6 -0
S..4
a - b,c - d ,e- -,
30
1O 20 50 100 200 500 700
5-71.3 1(51
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e
201-
zFOR NOTCHED SPECIMEN WITH Kg=3.4
r S-954S
5
n M_
4
.01 .05 .1 .5 1.0 5 10 50 100 500 1000
TIME IN HOURS (LOG SCALE)
-j
0
~.40
w
30
L10%
10 5 to 5 10 5 5 10 5 10 5 10
SI --- ...
_-Su ... _ _ . . .. ..
so_0 __'
70 __--_,
. . . • .. 9
Q. 40_
w 30
Io%
9L A ;e ---- -----
5 0 5 10 5 10 5 10
1O 5 0
FIG, 12.S-N FATIGUE DIAGRAMS AT VARIOUS STRESS RATIOS FOR Kt= 1.6
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 14S-T6.
0 so
0 CD
20
Iný
A 089 -- 0---
10 A 017 --- ---- _____ ___
9 A 0.15 ------------
A o~c --------- v--------
4 5
to 5 10 5 10 5 10 105 0
NUMBER OF CYCLES T0 FAILURE (LOG SCALEI
4 vw-Su__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a8 so --- -- -----
o70 V
60 - --- --- -------- _ _ 7(_ _
04 _
40
A 1
52-30E, TR
Par NUMBE 46G FALR SCL
SM/S -l RATIO OF MEAN STRESS TO STATIC ULTIMATE STRENGTH
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.91 1.0
60 - __FATIGUE STRENGTHS
cb AFTER 103104---.Iog 0
-.- CYCLES IDENTIFIED
BY 3,4,---S8, RESP. c
-
I -- '~~~~7~a+Se Su I _ -- -....
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u) 40 - - - - - -I L
IJJ
VW
200
4.'
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
S.m MEAN STRESS KS I(
FIG. 15. STRESS RANGE FATIGUE DIAGRAM FOR K 1.0
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 14S-T6t
60 - - -- -- FATIGUE STRENGTHS
AFTER 103'104--- log
- -*. CYCLES IDENTIFIED
BY 3,4,---B8, RESP. V
500
IIL
-0
4LV
+1U z-8
0 10 20 30 40 so 60 TO 80 90 100 L
S.m MEAN STRESS -KS I
FIG. 16- STRESS RANGE FATIGUE DIAGRAM FOR Kim,1.6
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 14S-T6.
I40
w -S +S S
I I
f 1310
.Lfm
w
Cc 20t---I
w +mS
10-
00
+(n
0 10 20 30 40 5C 60 70 so 90 100
-m MEAN STRESS -KSI
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
-7
60 f FATIGUE STREN~GTHS 8
AFTER 103104--- IOD
* . . ICYCLES, IDENTIFIED .6
By 3,4,---8, RESP.
x50 T'-_4
.5
I . r4 .
-514 z
300
x. 20
+1
(.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 s
Sm~ MEAN STRESS KSI
FIG. 18. STRESS RANGE FATIGUE DIAGRAM FOR K,=3.4
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 14S-T6.
"U) .8 - •- ---------------------- O
2 7 - - - - - -- ,o
w
'q M
I- Z .5
I,-j W 4 i---- _ _
L.LI- .4
ow
P:~ .3 _ _ _ ---
aD .2 -
00
0 .1 .2 3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
S,/ Su (RATIO OF MEAN STRESS TO STATIC ULTIMATE STRENGTH)
VALUES OF LIFE n
1.0 ...... - .
< .9 104
w= .- ------- 106
o
_j .7 -- - - - - 0
zI-U0 .67_.
ZI
j W-
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044
6 .2 STRAIGHT
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0 .1 .2 3 4 .5 .6 7 8 .9 1.0
0 < .9 .1 --e -4
U' -Z .8
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L L .
_ .65
,z
4i .5 -
- .4 "--..-
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0 .1 .2 3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
VALUES OF LIFE n
S•C> 10,3
.9 . .. .4-e -- -0
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"
-J .8 ~ -- -,. 4----------0
~LU 106
Z m-
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0) 1, 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
~60 -
.
tw500~ N' 0
0
z
z
;.20
z3 0
20
z~ 10
uJ
- - f-
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Kf.680 90 100
Sm MEAN STRESS IN UNNOTCHED SPECIMEN, KS I
z z _____ Ii
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64
10 0s 1 1.01
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10c
_ _
go0__ ___
so
40,
20 ---- _
90
so
30
10%
POINýT LIC
t.j CVE1
4 A 00 - SPECIMENS NOT POLISHED 1
A' 216-
R A 089 -
__
9' A z o
015_L
5 4 56 7£
10 5 10 5 1o 5 10 to 5 10
NUMBER OF CYCLES TO FAILURE (LOG SCALE)
70__ _
50-.
30
iu 2
10%
to A C15 IV
En 4
105 1 5 1 105 105 1
o NU BE OF C C E AL R 1_ t L
AND LLUNNUCODE24
SPECMNT T
10 C '-
0 l00 _ - _
3 40
o 70
20J
10
2 O T A D IE C L
x (3
91~ _D A105
60 - -FATIGUE STRENGTHS
- AFTER 103104--- 108
so + S. -v-. CYCLES IDENTIFIED
By 3 4 -- 8 ES .(
cI.-C2 , C
50,
XK II
-
W
CW
C, c
z 0
1,,
U,
+1ý
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80. 90 100
m- -MEAN STRESS KS I
FIG.34. -STRESS RANGE FATIGUE DIAGRAM FOR Kt~I.O
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 24S-T4
u, 40()- 4T ~ I
I - 2.0 c Lr
S, W
I- 15 .0
CA!,
+1
S 0C
00.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
S,- -MEAN STRESS -KSI
0.0G 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
60 FATIGUE STRENGTHS
CVO ,104--- 1O8
ý,oý ý!b
CYCLES, IDENTIFIED V
50 $1 BY 3,4,---S8, RESP.
50
zz
I-3
0 220
+1 "1 S__
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
S,- MEAN STRESS -KS I
FIG. 36. -STRESS RANGE FATIGUE DIAGRAM FOR Kt 2.4
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 2 4S - T4
=T + -
(n 40 4
uc4 __I ____ Z-\-~
Ur
U) _6_ .. Z_
OM I'+ c
m' _ Suu
4- 3 n
zI
_________
20(__
At 15
O'3
(4a.O
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
S- MEAN STRESS -KS I
FIG.37. -STRESS RANGE FATIGUE DIAGRAM FOR K t 3.4
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 24S-T4
2 , 1.0.- .- - __ __ ------
__ __,o__ _
- -- -- -
U)-
I .- - - - 49 - 1.0
S.9 ""0455
0 10
- o_ .4N
9 .3 -~\ . - . - - -
LAl
~ .6 - s o-. ,_
,.o - ...-....
S< .7
0 - .2. 3 4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
sm Su RATIO OF MEAN STRESS TO STATIC ULTIMATE STRENGTH
2 -
r- ---- _
VALUES OF LIFE nl
En . - L-I- - - - - -TI - - 10
00
U, ~_
(0
I,- 4
U)
0 U,
m10D
w
9(D
0 .2 3 4 .5 .6 7 8 .9 1.0
oI- 9 .• 0
in _5 ._ _ _ _ _ _ . _- 1 0_
w- 607 0-
40
iz. .
Z n-
jW
cr
i,i
c
\w
I8 2 -- TR--GHT-
STRAIGHT LINE RELATIONSHIP -
o
.1
o 0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
1. VALUES OF LIFE nl
0 1.0 < • f)"103 10-
o -- .0-
.10, -j - - - IOs
w ~ 0 107
ow
"Z
A .4
.3.
. 0- - I .2 _ .4 .5 . . 8 9 .
9 .2
.1.TF1 E S
ALMIU
A G C R ES F R
ALO UIN, Kt44 S P C ME
IESOLESRTO S O 2 S T
10
0 .1 .2 3 .4 .5 .6 .7 8 .9 1.0
z g
20
.60
U)
1.
.0
w'
0
20 f-20 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 0
of EN SRS N UNOCE PCMN ,K
FI.4. F TG E S R N T ED CI N " O T U " C R E O
K1 S
24 OF
SP CIME
ALU INUM ALLO 24S. T
OF, THNTESSI
UNNOTCHED SPECIMEN. ,K
w
8-
40
0- .
z
5,
w 25
-j-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Sm,, MEAN STRESS IN UNNOTCHED SPECIMEN, KS I
FIG, 44. FATIGUE STRENGTH - REDUCTION "CONTOUR" CURVES FOR
Kf =3.4 SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 24S-T4
SHOWING Kf AS A FUNCTION OF S. AND Sm,
OF THE UNNOTCHED SPECIMEN.
1.0 __ __ _ _ _ 0
.8 _ _ _ __ _ _ .11
.6.2
0 . __ _.0___ _
AN0
-i.0
.2 0 0 1.5
Nn * UBROCCE T ALR
FIG 45. FATIGU STEGHVRDCIN)CNOR-CRE O
w , 1. PCMN FAUMNMALY2ST
SHWN UCINO NADSRS AI m~A
WACT 5-0nPatI6
.0 __ _
83
4. - 1 43
.44
0 10
00
(A -4
ul w
Xr
'~-6
IC5
- g. 40
ol 90
-1.0 c
1 104 0 106 0
1.00
__ 1 1_
6.
o:f A,0 0
.2 __ _ _ 67___
-s1.5
5
o 06 4.0
I. 4.'q
nIs Z Y. 4Z
%
10 .
/ 00
a. 0 wCl
Ch .
__ _ _ __0 Cfl l- x
N 0 C
0 0
L 00
uz
00 00o
zL z E
o 70 ..-T-,-_--____,_
• o l N - . t
- e __ ____ __
40
010
z
S30
1' ~(2e .6
A 216 -
A 089
t , 037 -- - - - - - - -_ _-
A 015------
,9 t 0 C8 --- ----f7-
4 5 7 8
;O 5 lo 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10
SI 0 0 _- - --.........
-... .. ....
.. ....... ... . .....
o 90
o 70
o_C- _ _ _ --- -- .......
-J-
S40
30O
_ _A -
2.16_-- - _
A 0 89 -- -
10 A 0.37 . . ". .
A z 0.15 (D
9 A . O .. --
-- ... - v.........
20 5 10 5 I0 5 _ _0 0_ 5 5 10
FIG.50. S-N FATIGUE DIAGRAMS AT VARIOUS STRESS RATIOS FOR K,= 1.6
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 75S-T6
o~ 70 -
0 _
_
60
50
404
A .9 l
ac 3
A 0.10 -- D--
(0 35 10 45 10 55 106 5 (0 75 10
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9q 1.0
cn
w0
zz
u) 40
-1 c
30
U00D
O 0 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 9 0
-r MENSTES0
F'-4I
CYCLES, IDENTIFIED
4 4 8 3, 4,- 8, RES P <f
-SO+Sm SU I~
z -2 Ln
+1
0 10 2.0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Sm -MEAN STRESS KSI
K
FIG 53. -STRESS RANGE FATIGUE DIAGRAM FOR K~t1.6
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 75S-7T6
,. CYCLES IDENTIFIED ý
-BY 3,4,---B, RESP. V
50 __ _ _ _ _ _ __*--.---4
.
c__
Lo
.
I cr
cn 40
30 --- - '
133 <
0
0
Ir 20
w -2 <
+1- 5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 TO 80 90 100
S,- MEAN STRESS -KS I
FIG.54. -STRESS RANGE FATIGUE DIAGRAM FOR Kto 3.4
SPECIMENS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 75S-T6.
00
(ng .7-- __
b-L. .6 -_ __
u..,...4
o) o
.3.
9 .2 - __ __ _ _
0
0 .1 .2 3 4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
1. VALUES OF LIFE nl
.1.0 _0
tu • • - - .1&- 10 4
•'IO5
o< .9
.8 -- - -- --- ---- I-
o
w _ _ __"_ _IO _0 ?
.7
ow
Z .5
0Lu
w L. STRAIGHT LINE RELATIONhIP
20 ...
r 0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
- - - - - - 101
o 19
uj
'0
-6
z ' 4-STRAIGHT LINE' RELATIONSHIP
'z .5 -
.4
00
.a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
60
u501,-..-
U.1
40
40 . *~ 0
z 12
z 30
.- 'I
1.0
,a0
40 0
z 2p
z
0 10 20 30 40 50 .60 70 80 90 100
Co 5
___ 25
1++
43.81.
4
2' 67 m
4r -~ 2_ 15___
(n U
(A -4__2____(n
-8 9i0
8 .1.6
.4 .438
.2 / _ _ _ _67
U) -. 6 4.0
-1. CID.
60 . I -]
-+ e4
LIECODE
W lo
C K, 1I.6
U) ~~0 K, ~2 4-----
K 1 5
20
S0 ~ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
4
75S-T6
-
w~
l-- -I-
0"
0 10 20 30 40 $0 60 70 80 90 100
18
POINT AND LINE CODE
16 A=2.16 - -- - -
14 A =0.89 -
o
z 12
A =0.37
A =0.15
--
/_
z
< tO I
0L 24S-T4
8 XTr / 1/
D 4 -
I-
z
2 m/
0 4
D0- _ _ _
S0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
o
Z "i
"w 14S--T6 , 4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
MAXIMUM STRESS KS I
FIG.63. ELONGATION IN FATIGUE SPECIMENS AT
VARIOUS STRESSES AND STRESS RATIOS.
WADC TR 52-307, Part 1 73
POINT AND LINE CODE
40 -
U,o B
30 _ __ _ _ __ _ _
20
to
w
1_
z 0 1 1_ 1_ _ 1_
z
I,-
F-1 30
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Sm MEAN STRESS- KSI
Part I 74
WADC TR 52-307,
POINT AND LINE CODE
40
30
20 FATIGUE LIFE
,IO CYCLES
10
30
D 107 CYCLES
10-
oil, -
o 10 20 30 40 50 0o 70 8o 90
Sm MEAN STRESS - KSI
CA
40
_ 30
30 -- __ - _ _
' FATIGUE LIFE
1 20
U)
z 0 _ _ _ _ _
z 40
J 30
A FATIGUE LIFE
20 10 CYGLES
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Sm MEAN STRESS-KSI
F I G.67a
t I
3c
0 90 20 3 40 0 60 70 8
Sm
MAN STES -. KS:.1
FIG.67 10 CYTESCLES DARMS SOIN OPAAIE AIU
STEGH1FAUINM ALY04-6 25TAD 75T
Par 5-307
W~ADCTR I 1
SI I I i i i i I |
I4.0 --- 0- 24S-T4-ROUND-MINN......-71
---. 0---- 24S-T3-SHEET-BATTELLE (9)
0
1"- A 24S-T4 R OUND- REVERSED BENDING
-3.5 i - OHIO STATE (5)
z -. I ,--- - - . -
0 -",
P" 3.C - -f-- - - ~ -°--- - - -
I.5 I I
_ ,_ 1f---,,,- '0," _"_,_________"
I -_ 5-_ p
5. II II I 7 I~ _MINN - ___ _
L 4,0 FIGE680 5 05 60
THEORETICAL STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR-Kt
0) 1.5 A5 "".
S 75S-T6-ROUND-AXIAL STRESS-MINN.
O f 2
75S-T6-SHEET-AXIAL STRESS-BATTERLLE (9)
6
4.5- 75S-T -ROUND-REVERSED BENDING .
-04 - 3.5
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
-D -b NUMBERS 4,5,6,8a 7
Z 2.5-----,-f---- - REFER TO 10 , 10
Ill
KtzKi-
cr 10" 8 10' CYCLES
(A RESPECTIVELY
w2.0-7-----
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
THEORETICAL STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR -K 1