DOMAIN APTITUDE

MITAKSHI CHOUHAN

POPULATION CONTROL MODEL OF INDIA WITH

CHINA
& EVALUATE THE WAY FORWARD FOR THE
COUNTRIES

Introduction
China and India have been the first and second country respectively, for the largest
population in the world.
With the massive population growth in both countries in the last decade, new policies and
steps have been taken for the control.
China introduced" ONE CHILD POLICY" in 1979 as the solution to control population
growth. The country had feared that population growth was hindering economic
development. Also, China has a population of 1439 billion (2020) from the United Nations.
The country had feared that population growth was hindering economic development. The
Chinese government implemented one important policy to control its population: a one
child per family policy. It also implemented birth control programs and offered economic
incentives to families with fewer children.
India, with 1.37 billion people, is the second-largest country in population. A report from
the United Nations reveals in June 2019 that around 2027, India will overtake China as the
world" s most populous country. Population control bill,2019 is a proposed bill introduced
in the Rajya sabha in July.
The 2020 bill proposes introducing a two-child policy per couple and aims to incentivize its
adoption through various educational benefits, taxation cuts, home loans, free healthcare,
and better employment opportunities.
The excessive population has various adverse effects, including undue pressure on natural
resources. More people mean more consumption which in turn means more exploitation
of static and exhaustible resources. Along with China and India, African and some Latin
countries also see an extremely high population growth rate.
"The human overpopulation issue is the topic I see as the most vital to solve if our
children and grandchildren are to have a good quality of life- Alexandra paul. "
The population is the means as well as the end of economic development in India. It an
asset if inadequate strength and prove to be a liability if excess in strength. The population
has crossed the optimum limit in India and has become a liability. So the problem of
overpopulation in India has proved to be a significant obstacle in economic planning and
development. The current population of India contributes to 17% of the global population.
Also, all these people are unevenly distributed across 3.28 million square kilometers of our
geographical area.
OVERPOPULATION can be the term that will justify both of these country situations right
now. Despite all the tremendous outstanding elements that China and India have achieved
in recent years, the country is still a developing country facing many serious social
problems. It is the leading cause of air, water, and food vital for all living creatures.
Overpopulation is causing climate change.
The limited natural resources can hardly support the substantial population. There are
adverse outcomes of this situation like poverty, disturbed cultural structure.
However, the issue of overpopulation may correct itself. India's fertility rate in 1960 was
5.87 births per woman; the rate has now more than halved to 2.85 births per woman. This
decline has even been seen amongst the poor, who generally have higher fertility rates
than the middle- and upper-classes.
Most Indian states are expected to hit replacement fertility levels of 2.1 children per
woman by 2021. the fertility rate has been already declined to an average of 2.2 in 2017,
according to a government survey of 22 central states, while urban fertility has already
fallen below replacement level, to 1.7 children per woman.
In China, a preference for sons has led to a generation with a predominance of males. In
India, the sterilization drive was a setback for family planning, says Poonam Muttreja, head
of the population foundation of India.
Bihar, for instance, which had India's highest fertility rate (3.2), has the most significant
percentage of illiterate women (26.8 %)
For the solution to this problem, few changes can there—education for the girl child.
Entrenched gender norms and child marriage further disrupt their access to education.
Family planning and efficient birth control can help women making their own reproductive
choices. Imparting sex education to young kids at the elementary level should be a must.
Many Indian women have never been given the choice of contraceptive methods - birth
control pills or injectables.
Better family planning options - includes promoting male contraceptive methods.
In 2015, when India had five methods available (male and female sterilization, the pill,
intrauterine device, and condoms), the contraceptive prevalence in the country was under
50%- lower than Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Indonesia, which had seven or
more contraceptive options.
"This issue is related to local culture, society, politics. changing
attitudes take time."
The government might have to come up with various policies related to tax exemptions to
curb overpopulation.
Some efforts have also been made to remove social evils in the country as the minimum
age of marriage, adoption, social security. They are raising the status of women. Change in
social outlook.
The adverse effect of overpopulation in china has relied on a cheap and willing young labor
force. An aging population will force national reallocation of resources and priorities as
more funds flow to health care and pensions.
China's demographic changes will also have far-reaching implications for the world
economy, which has relied on China as a global factory for the past two decades and more.
The changes may also affect international peace and security.
What also makes China's demographic future a looming crisis is that, so far, the changes
have primarily taken place under the radar. It is also due in part to a continued tendency in
china and elsewhere to believe that overpopulation is the root cause of all problems.
Hence, China's hesitation, even reluctance, to phase out its one-child policy is a
fundamental cause of its demographic challenges.
CONCLUSION

From the above agrument, we can conclude that though India and China are far behind in
controlling the overpopulation, we can hope that we will better soon. So we all can hope
that we will able to control overpopulation and have a bright future where everybody will
have food and housing with all the basic amenities.
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