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    Detail English High Density Housing 2014 0506

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    Juliana Quadros

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    ISSN 1614-4800 + MAY » JUNE £1250 - US$24.50 » E18 DETAIL Review of Architecture Vol. 3, 2014 Higher-Density Housing otoral oreo Erma edaktonaeta To -48 0) B98 18 Sabine rey, Rraroae Gari Frank atertach sila Lose, chaols Unger, thors Modtene, Mara Renter Torosa Sie, ria Scickar toosanc assk) Petr Pep fn Tn Westhal, Jory Clay Elise Feietsinger |p, Nave Ear (9p. 204 Engish Warton mat ancegonaerat co Tats +49 0) 8038 16200 Us Repreconatve Aaveriang Sinargy Group Media Erma cetasyrargyarncom Tals aio) 2082682121 Ditton anc marketing Tat +49 0) 8038 16200 orebe.nn Mey Grower 10 4d Env, Germany Ema cottcbogvertiosaunonide Tet 400) 01-2502 98.217 Fave o48 1) 61-2800 28.212 Puttar ard actor otis Inet fr ematale Arce Delemertaion Ges Co, Hockerracks © Germany Tot 49 0) 9038 15200 ww detail dafenish salable for ovary igsue and ‘wwe dotal.detransiaon Discussion 226 Minimization as an Experimant?~ In Genversetion with pool architects trem Zuri Norbert Bobig, Olvor Herwig Reports 292_Shigers an ~P Laureate 2014 296 Mannattanism along the Maas: “De Rotterdam* Klaus Englert 288 _ Books, Exhibtions Typology 240, Spatial Concepts as an Expression cf Social Conditions 246 Housing Developmentin Zurich Edelaar Mosayebi Inderbitzin Architect, Zurich 249. Hausing Cooperative in Bertin ifau & Josko Fezer, Berlin and Heide & von Buckorath, Sern High-Rise Housing Block in Osta MAD Arenitects, Oslo 255. Student House in Geneva Lacroix Chessex, Geneve 258 Student Hostel in Paris FIS Arontects, juliana 261 Publicly Assisted Housing in Bolzano ced architett ascaclal, Beano 264 Housing Devolopmentin Aarnus IDS Architects, Coperhsven 268 Housing Devolopmentin Borin Grintuch Ernst Architects, Bein Process 272 Residential Tower in Munich Hie Architeten, hunch 284 Housing Developmentin Hamburg LAN wehitecture, Pars Products 294 Cladding and Surfaces ‘902_Eatnrcom and Sandtaryvare {310 _Intorioe Design 316 On the Spot 320_Serview ‘526 Persons anc exgarizations involved in he planning « Cortracters and supolies. ‘220 Programme « Photo ores « Eoonal ans puplnng oats Editorial Multistorey Housing Urban housing developments today have to accammo date many flexible dwelling typologies to meet diferent ‘models for living: for singles, students and the classical nuclear family as well as for patchwork groups of sen- jor citizens and homeworkers in a digitally cross-linked sociely, where the boundarias batween living and work have become blurred. In their Hamburg project (page 284), LAN Architecture of Paris have created a wide range of types, from ground- floor dwellings for disabled people to maisonettes and tallor-made town houses — all within the unifying structure of the facade - combining the advantages of a single- family house with those of urban residence. An astonishing wealth of layouts has also been achioved bby Hiotl Architects in their high-rise block on a redovel: ‘opement site in Munich, a complex they implemented without needing to stack storeys repetitively on top of each other (page 272). A major role in this is played by the oriels ~ partly glazed and partly in the form of open loggies - that wind in spiral form up the facade. Finally, mention should be made of the student hostel in Paris by OFIS (page 258}, which shows two quite dif- ferent faces: a sculptural, animated show front and the entrance side with its tiers of access galleries, Minimization as an Experiment? — In Conversation with pool architects from Zurich Norbert Fiebig, Olver Hennig To pul things in a nutshol, tee elomants are necessary for high-qualty housing: land on which ta bull, captal ana good eieas. Today, however, we are confionted with aspects ike ‘envirermental an acanamic change as wel, which mako the croatian ef naw dwellings & ‘much more camlex matter. The maxim tes 0 the word ‘minim’: L9. housing that rflscts al ces of sustanable forms of constuction, hie atthe same time ensuring optimal den sity and costs. The aim ofa this isto guaran 10 that habitation remains afore fora ‘many poopie as possible the future. What typologies and layouts wil we need in the years fo come, and what materials should be used fo create good lwing condons? ‘poo! architects in Zurich are very much con: ‘cemed wih tus topic: developing housing for the future. Rachae! Frei and Mischa Spar partners in pool architects, Martin Gutekunst {an associate partner, and Jorg Lamster, man aging dector of the planners and consuants “Gurable’, who cotabevated with the practice, outing the presont challenges they fac. The loss of natural landscapes, caused by overdevelopment and housing sprawl is & clsurbing tector in society today. There's no cscaping the polical discussion ofthis i sus, In many areas of Switzerland and Ger- many, it has led to @ concept of “drawing closer together" because reserves of ul 201458 Consep! DETAM Ing land are no longer available everywhere. ‘Tha principle of increased density not only poses & challenge in terms of spatial plan ring in general it affects the potential of ur- 'ban development and housing construction as well What's more, things that have long been taken for granted in those flelds have to be ‘questioned anew, Since the early 1950s, ‘hore has been a constant expansion of «ras for habilation in Europe: fewer people fre coming to cecupy an ever greater space. Demographic shifts, changas in tam lly structures as wall as greater demands in terms of living conditions have al contrib ted to ths development. In Zurich, for 6x: amplo, the average dwelling spaca por por son has risen by 40 per cent since 1970. Nevertheless, despite the increase In habit: able area, less accommodation is actually ‘avalable. With the changes wrought by en- vironmental considerations in spatial plan hing, aeonomis aspects are makeing them solves fll, too: moving closer togathor often leads to demoltian and investment innew construction. The increased density reaul- Ing from this forces prices up. Housing be ‘comes mare and mere expensive ana Is not affordable for everyone, Sustainability is, ‘nother majer aspect in the housing sector, of coursa, How, then, dove a rolativaly young practice deal wth such paracigms of change? How do modern demans in the realm of housing affect typologies and lay- juts, and the choige and application of rmatarials? An ofice pursuing ew paths pool amexged in 1894 2s a platform far dls ‘cussion, organizing workshops and debatos on the subject of architecture anc urban planning, In 1996, this collaborative group took up its practical werk. In 1998, an archi- teotural cooperative was founded, compr's- Ing eight partners with equal rights ‘Tha partners and sharahalders in this coop srativo entorpriso chose an organizational form that is common in Switzerland, but one with which erchitactural practices are role ‘vely unfamiliar. Collective building implies DETAM Concept 201103 A Ade sorcea roving. Grobtecte poo! arcts, Zui ‘oma aye pa relggerha €.0. Lembachstrasse Rousing development, arch, 2002-05 stance 2. Ktchan’Dhing rom Legroom 4 Boson 5 Woboam/ Say 8 Tenaoe Balcony ‘big promiso in tarms of cooperation anet ‘the creative ping-pong that goes with it~ @ pprocase in hich complementary intel gence plays a mage role. A cooperative means “working together oallectwvely to zchieve a good form’, as Mischa Spoor {ormulated it. In an eerier interview, he de- bod how dificult it was in the early days: ‘Qurlack of success, which lasted unt 2001, gave us time 10 get to know each ofh- fs quiks and also to establish the adminis "ive ane tinaneial side of things on a ‘sound bas) Today, the office has a team ot 70 aesis- janis. One of the key areas ofits werk les in housing consinucton. More recent projects — mosty in and around Zurich — include the housing developments in Lembachsrasse (2008), Aspholz (2007) anc Biumanto stasse (2008), the Badlenerstrasse housing ‘and commercial complex (2010), the AU- halde terraced housing scheme (2011) and fa project currently under construction, com- (09 housing blocks for the coope- retive "more than just housing”. Fer pool architects, planning the lerge-scale Leinbachsirasse develooment was @ bg break professionally as well as @ turning ppoin in thei housing concepts. In this scheme, instead of folowing the usual standards of 44-and Stetoom dwellings, they designec unis wih reduced ares, in Discussion accordance with concepts of sustainable ‘construction, Fecluction and transformation ‘According to Mischa Sper, “The cient wore taken complotoly by surprise by envi ronmental changes - as we were ourselves Avtho universities, eustanabity was not something worthy of consiceraton, Raphael Frei said. In those days, architecture was the focus of attention, and sustainability had nating to do wth, one believed. Paola who concentrated cn this issue atthe end of the 1980s were not taken seriously. twas ignored “so that one could become a good architect”. Then, inthe course of the past 228 Minimization ax an Experimer?- In Corveteaon wih pool architects tom Zen 16 yoare, wa worked our way into this fold fom one project to the nex, together with the clionts, and some very convincing salu tions were found. For poo! architects, the ‘anewar 19 modern housing expectations les in reduction and transformation, “Reducing the habitable area poses an architectural challonge, but i's: tha most afficientro- ‘sponse to the new constraints impased by ideas of environmentally friendly end ac0- omic construction,” Raph! Frei argued “Ifyou reduce the floor area allowed per person, tha effec is greater than if you put the bulleing ina thick wrepping, The tact that this has made the whole discussion more complex isto cur advantage as archi tocte, because one of our sitong pins is the management of complexty.” Housing in the future: rom roams to clusters ‘A major tector in resalving these complex is- ‘suse is to question established housing f= pologies and layouts ~ and thelr engoing development. “Tha deoper a building i, the ‘mere environmentally Fiendly it willbe,” 2c- ‘cerding to Mischa Spoon, But for deep building forms, good layout plans have to be developed that are reduced in area. “At the University of Technology in Berlin, we ‘set our stucents the task of designing dwell- ings with an area of 20 me per porson an Uurvealstic size that nevertheless stimulates ideas," eaid Raphaol Frei, ‘What ie involved here isa transformation, not an about-turn Things that don’ fin the dwaling aro moved out. Accass to the indivicual rooms is no longer via conticors, but via @ central living space. The whole block is a system in ‘nich links are creataa: for he average {amiy, for singles and for group habitation ‘Communal facities ae provided as well as ‘spaces fo which one gan withdraw. The d- tection is clear: om rooms to clusters; frarn ‘gid constrains toa flexible eystem, @ net- work of spaces. “The project we have cur- tently uncer cansirustion = mere than Just housing’ ~ takes account ofthis network ‘concept. The allocation of ewellings will de- pend on the number of pereons invowvad. According to Mischa Spoern, when chitdren ‘move out and living conditions ate no longor ‘the same, tenants can change flats win the neighbourhood. For pool architects, this new radical ap- proach in terms af ling areas is not so much an experment 25 hard davelopment ‘work. The typologies and layouts of the housing structures planned ty the archi tects can, therelore, be sean as part of a ‘continuous process that had is origina in the ideas of Le Corbusiar and Josep Antoni Carlareh ~ an ongoing opimzation of avary- day functionaliy under modern conditions Cesignec for people who are prepared to sive up fixed habits and ways of thinking {ane ty a tresh approach. "Today, a ganoralion oxic tha is far more prepared to experment in its housing con- Ccopis and venture eomething new than was the case inthe past," Mischa Spoor oloves, -Funure forms of constriction for housing ‘cooperatives: ‘more than just housing” Lack of lving space and rising rents, espe- cially in towne and cities, have meant thet the idea of ccoperatve housing construction is becoming increasingly attractive for many people. A common prejucice is that this type of development is too staid, boring end simple, Weh their House G, which forms part ofthe “mare than ust hausng” project, poo! architects have domonetrated that this is nat the cass. In this respect, the practice hes profiled trom tha highor-than-average pro partion of housing developments in Zurich in the hands of building cooperatives. At pres: ei the figure = roughly twenty per cent, whereas in Switzerland’ as awhave 1s about five per cent. In comparison, the pro- portion in Germany is x per cent and in Beriin ten par cant. 12007, on the occasion of the 100th anni- versary of communal, non-profit hausing construction, 34 Zurich housing coopera ‘ives found the building ecoperstive “more than just housing" vith the pariicipa- tion ofthe city of Zurich, The aim was to cre ‘ato come 400 dwellings on the roughly 40,000 m= Hunziker ste, a former ware 2010.8 Concep! DETAM. house area in tha Loutschanbsach develop- ‘ment zane in the north of Zurich, A special ‘agpoot of this echeme was that it shoula Comply withthe ideas of a 2,COO-watt socie- vy. This model is a Sess intiatve and stands for a highly sustainable use of enor gy’ for every person ving today and in the futuro, a fixod power entiiomant of roughly 2,000 \Y would be available, This represents ‘a considerable reduction of the prosent a ‘rage consumpion cl energy, which is ap~ pproximataly 6,500 W per person in Suitzer- Jand and 7,000 W in Germany, ‘The present building cooperetive was es- tablished as the outcome of an ideas com- petition, which was folewedl in 2008 by an Intemational architectural competion. Con structon commenced in 2012. Five teams of architects are working with specialist plan- ers on 13 housing blocks that, in view of ‘heir deep layouts, are parricularly compact, These developments have now reached the carcase-structure stage. The ts! blocks will bo ready for o¢cupation inthe autumn of 2014, tne last in-he spring of 2015, The Clear reduction o the layouts propagated by pool architects complies with the reouits- ‘ments of the building cooperetive to provide ‘scp forall manner of uses in @ varied and flexible form - trom shared dwellings wth 76 roome (plus communal spaces) to mini- imal flats with scope for actional satelite rooms, warking or study spaces or guost House G under constuction: 8 monolithic cancrete structure ‘Martin Gutokunst leads the way across the buliding site and paints aut a grey, moneith= ie siructure standing in the middlo. The car cass of House G, the seven-storey biock by poo! architocs, isin the final phase of con- structon. In scarcely a year, almost 1,100 People willbe living and working here. This suggests & high density snd composite thermal insulation systems, but that impres: sion is deceptive. House G has been cre- ated in a monolthic form, as @ composite solution, built with structural concrete and a facade of recycled insulating concrete, DETAM Concept 201103 e “Tho elto dove not look ike @ euburban area con the edge ofthe city. Everything has a very urban appearance, The blocks are leic ‘out not simply as a new estate, but to firm a neighbourhood ints own right Here, 2 sue ation is developing that will have al the ad vantages (es well as the problems) of the ‘aly contre: high density and thue the need 10 consider quastions cf lighting ano shade. ‘This may sound somewhat strange in view ofthe fact thatthe new neighbourhood com- piles wih the express wishes of the clients {0 create 2 sustainable, pioneering davelop- ment, a flagship project. Intally, the env'- ronmental aspects were @ secondary cor sideration for poo! architects. Fist and fore most came the housing quail. The ground floor ofthe building contains @ large com- munal space es wall as varicus trade and ‘working areas thal can be rented individval- ly. The cwolings ere stusted on the six sto 8 reyes above this. Although thei layouts are tightly dimensioned, they are set out about wadge-ehaped, double-height ling rome. that allow daylight to penetrate to the deep- cer areas of the plan. These central spaces are the highlight of the dwelings and a dis- tinguishing feature cf the new typology ~ kind of intoral faux-balcony. Ona has the Impression of a vertically stacked single family house: Iwas the aim of pool architects to bring light into the extensive internal areas cf the ‘compact volume. “Al the outsot,” Mischa poem explaine, "we visualized a sponge - a volume full of air and light cells — as a ‘medi! fer ths housing block, but without any fm concept of the material.” Fram ths, came the idea of constructing the building in a wholly homogeneous material, a combination of concrete and insulating ‘concrete. Raphael Frel adds: “Andi we Discussion 220 +1 House G:nousing book “oming par ot ne houbra? Zuo rom 2010 frontocspocl renee, 2uich Styplon. Seale 14000, Computer renaotngs CIM Fourtv oor gan ection Enwarce konen tring oom ing aro Bedroom ‘oe Bally \wantad the material to romain vieblo - not |ust externally, Bu inside, too ~ deliberately ‘working with exposed concrete.” ‘On the outside, one has the impression of a ‘monoltic object with openings punched in the outer skin that atioulate the facade. New solutions as a respons fo the Gon straints of energy certication ‘Tho model project ‘more than just housing will comply wth the requrrements ofthe 2,000-walt society during the construction poricd and in everyday use. Attho same time, it wll provide greet habitable qualty at an affordable price. What appearance could this type of building have (resource-saving, as (roo of harmful substances as possible, land environmentally hendly), when aniy the ‘ular cubic form was defined? The tivo at chitectural offices commissioned to design the various housing blocks onthe site are following alternative concepts within the pa- rameters cl the development plan and are using quit diferent materials: timbor, bricks land concrete ‘The building cooperative regards tho pres- ‘ent development as a plot scheme, in which sustainabilty wil manifest iselfin a holsic form, In terms of energy consumption, i was necessary to mest the Conditions laid down by the cy of Zurich: every structure on the ‘ste has 10 comply withthe Swss Minergie- P® standard, Official cartitction of the buildings inthis respect was not sought, however - quite daliberataly - to allow ‘scope for the development of new solutons, ‘The possibilty of building 13 biecks in ho neighbourhood according to the came sye- tem proviced an opportunty 0 expiot spe~ cial synergetic effects, something that would not have been feasible i the inaivicual buildings had to be ceritied in terms of en- eray standards. ‘One central consideration was the simpli cation of the technical installations. That ‘could best be expressed’ in terms of prmary ‘onorgy balances, in which the construction (grey or embodied energy) and operation (energy consumption) could bo compared wih each other, 0 Mrinzaton as on Experi Naber bi eral ond aurora (Cher Horna aural, author and crosnter ‘nha hes m hines be Swiss "Minorgio" quailty labol (which fe related solely to enercy aspects) was into ‘duced almost 20 years ego. Today, three standards exst. The MingroieP standard, hich wes cefined next, applies to types of ‘construction with a minimum use of energy’ ‘This presupposes @ bullcing skin of very ualty and is comparable to the passive-eneray stancard in Germany. The latest standard, Minergy-A", Is & precisoly defined form of zero or energy-alus bulging and is attainable only with the explottation of solar energy en site, Compared with tho Minergie-P standard, Minergie-A is a step in the direction of reducing insulation. "Insule- tion standards have been lowered because bottor building tochnology has boon devel coped in the meantme,” Jorg Lamster ex- plains. A eubsequant integration of tho Minergie-A standard inthe scheme was ruled out, however, because this standard dogs nat teke account ofimporiant aspacis of interconnected energy supp. Stones pool arehitgot, Zurn i Baphoe Nerm paveng davetanrent, Zire, 2008-0 stones pool arches, Zi J0¢g Lametor went on fo say: "As with most Standards, Minergie-A functions best with single-family houees and net eo well with nneighboutlicod developments. The compact 'sbuctures in the prasert scheme allowes tho insulation to be reduced purely for onor 4 reasons. An insulation thickness of mere than 30 cm would hava boon requitad for Minargie-P cerstication, but this fs not nece- sary for compact builéings that have a low pprmary-energy consumption, because they fexplot renewable energy. “With @ supply ot haat inthe form of thermal emission from buildings ~the entire area is heated trom & nearby computer centre — it wes possible to ecluce the insulation thickness to 20 om for a structure lke House G and still ‘comply with the Minergie-P standara in Torts of primary energy," Lametor stated ‘Some of the other buldings in the develop- mont have compact facades, he eaid, but “in the ease of House G, the planners speci- fled insulated concrete anc furnishes proof 2010.8 Concep! DETAM. Of diferent heating-enorgy neds - namely dynamic ones ~ where the storage capacity ofthe material was also taken into aecount Martin Gutekuns! added: “This became fea sible when cliants deciared themselv2s wil ing not to insist on the norm instituted by the ‘Swiss Society of Engineers end Architects (SIA), which is basad sololy on static ealou- lations, Only & dynamic calculation can incl cata the ability of @ material to ahgerb heat and yield it again later." This means that in- Sulatng concrete has @ great poterial, es ppocialy since the material functions as system open to dftusion "Consiructonal damage caused by meisture sno problem in such cases, and windows can be installed at any depth in the revaals,” according to Lamster, This is whet made it possi to do without baleonies: the thick rhass of the outer walls ~ 80 cm in some plages - enabies areas to be created where one oan step outside, At the beginning of the planning, the “grey ‘nargy" of tha insulating concrete had to be taken into account, That was a new field for the architects, and it took place before the standards and target values we know today hhad been defined. Only in 2010, when the project had reached a more advanced stage, did the SIA publish @ document on incorporating “grey onorgy* in the enargy balance. In 2011, however, a target value \Wae adopted for the Minergie-A ana Minergie-ECO® labels. The sole available figuras in thie context indicates poor values for insulating concrete = comparable to thoee for a glase curtain-wall facade, Only when the projact was being developed wes fn acolagical balance drawn up specific 0 individual products. One outcoma of this \was thet the values were better than those for classically insulated facados, [Not ust the material offered poo! architects new scope, however, The project shows that a minimization of dweling space i more than just an experiment. When taken jointly into consideration, typologias, materials and formes of lving help 19 achieve a higher den- sily, yotnevertholoes with great habitable ualty ‘Shigeru Ban ~ Pritzker Laureate 2014 An Interview with Shigeru Ban Shige Ban, Jacan DETAIL: Only a few days ago tho Pitzkor Foundation called you and you foun out that you are the laureate of the 2014 Prizker Ar Chitecture Prize, What was your fest reaction? Ban: | wes surprised. Its a great honour to bo awarded this prize! You know, trom 2006 0-209 | actually was @ member of the Pritz- kor Jury. And, Lan familar with the comp ‘cates processes and endless discussions that such decisions are based en. DETAIL: Why, of li people, you? Ban: | wa teld that cne significant reason vas the contrulty of my work. For more than 20 years now have been working on erect: ing temporary structures in regions affected by crisis and disaster while uniting oficion: ‘oy anc aesthetics despite their seemingly ‘contradictory charactor DETAIL: One of your species i bucing with paper and cardboard. When oid that begin? Ban: Tho fist project made of cardboard was the design for an exhiton an Alvar ‘alo 1866, Tat wai in Japan, not far trom Tokyo. | had decided that cicnit want te bula with woos again So, | eventually ‘decided io build wih paper and carabows. ‘That was the very fest ime that an architect workod with this materi DETAIL: Sie then, you have bean working with on a regular basis. What aspect of this ‘construction material do you fd particularly fascinating? Ban: What do you mean? | dent coneicor it {fascinating at all. Its @ construction material Ie any other. The only difference is that cone thought about warking with it before |

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