Lysaght W-Dek: Structural Steel Decking System

LYSAGHT W-DEK ®
Design and
Construction Manual
Structural steel decking system
s/ptimised to bring greater efficiency, speed

of construction and economy.
sExceptional spanning characteristics
(up to 4.1m) reduces propping required.
s/ne of the best coverage-per-weight of
steel which makes it economical.
s,93!'(47 $%+ has excellent concrete
displacement characteristics which saves
material costs.
Warranty
BlueScope Lysaght has a number of comprehensive product warranties
that cover not only the corrosion performance of the material but also the
structural and serviceability performance of a wide range of products.
BlueScope Lysaght can back their products with over 150 years experience
and credibility. The LYSAGHT brand is widely recognised as setting
the benchmark on quality products, and is trusted and respected by our
customers and competitors nationwide.
Disclaimer, warranties and limitation of liability
This publication is intended to be an aid for professional engineers and is

not a substitute for professional judgement.
Terms and conditions of sale are available at local BlueScope Lysaght
sales offices.
Except to the extent to which liability may not lawfully be excluded or
limited, BlueScope Steel Limited will not be under or incur any liability to
you for any direct or indirect loss or damage (including, without limitation,
consequential loss or damage such as loss of profit or anticipated profit,
loss of use, damage to goodwill and loss due to delay) however caused
(including, without limitation, breach of contract, negligence and/or
breach of statute), which you may suffer or incur in connection with this
publication.
LYSAGHT®, LYSAGHT W-DEK®, and GALVASPAN® are trademarks of
BlueScope Steel Limited A.B.N. 16 000 011 058
The LYSAGHT range of products is exclusively made by BlueScope Steel
Limited trading as BlueScope Lysaght.
© Copyright BlueScope Steel Limited March 10, 2009

Produced at BlueScope Lysaght Reseach and Development.
2
Lysaght W-Dek Design & Construction Manual 2009
Contents
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7. Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1. Features and applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.1 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.1 Spanning capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.2 Composite action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2.1 Propping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.3 Design efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2.2 Laying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.4 Economical design for fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2.3 Interlocking the sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.5 Quicker trouble free installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2.4 Securing the platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.6 Technical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2.5 Installing 7 $%+ on steel frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2. Specification and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.2.6 Fastening side lap joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.1 ,93!'(4 7 $%+ composite slabs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.2.7 Fitting accessories for edge form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.2 ,93!'(47 $%+ section properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.2.8 Sealing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.3 Sheeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.2.9 Items embedded in slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.4 Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.2.10 Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5 Reinforcement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.2.11 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.6 Shear connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.2.12 Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.7 Design methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.3 Reinforcement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3. Formwork design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7.3.1 Transverse reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.1 Deflection limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7.3.2 Longitudinal reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2 Formwork design load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7.3.3 Trimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2.1 Design for strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2.2 Design for serviceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.4 Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.3 Formwork Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7.4.1 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4. Composite slab design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.4.2 Concrete additives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.4.3 Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.4.4 Construction joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3 Crack control options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.4.5 Placing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.4 Durability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.4.6 Curing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.5 Design load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.4.7 When to remove props . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.5.1 Strength load combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.5 Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.5.2 Serviceability load combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.5.1 Soffit and edge form finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.5.3 Superimposed dead load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.5.2 Plastering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.6 Design for Strength in negative regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.5.3 Change in floor loadings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.6.1 Negative bending Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.6 Suspended ceilings & services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.6.2 Shear strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.6.1 Plasterboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.7 Design for strength in positive regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.6.2 Suspended ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.7.1 Positive bending Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.6.3 Suspended services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.7.2 Shear strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8. Composite beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5. Design for fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8.1 Shear stud capacities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 9. References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.2 Design for insulation and integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3 Design for structural adequacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3.1 Design loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.4 Reinforcement for fire design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.5 Location of longitudinal reinforcement
for fire design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6. Design Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.1 Use of design tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2 Single span design tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.3 Interior span design tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.4 End spans design tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3
Background
LYSAGHT W-DEK is a new innovative profiled steel decking which brings
greater economy and design freedom to building with composite concrete
slabs. Our design engineers scoured the globe to find the best “W”-
profiles in the world. After careful examination, our engineers incorporated
the best aspects of each profile into new ,93!'(47 $%+. The profile
has been specifically developed for Australian high tensile steels - which
makes ,93!'(47 $%+ one of the best performing ‘W’ profiles in the
world.
,93!'(47 $%+ is a profiled zinc-coated high tensile steel decking for use
in the construction of composite floor slabs. It has exceptional composite
performance – no additional reinforcement is required in most applications.
It can be used as formwork during construction and as a reinforcement
system in composite slabs.
Our increased understanding of composite slabs, together with testing in
our NATA-accredited laboratory and leading Australian universities, has
paid off with an optimised product, which provides significant cost savings
for projects.
,93!'(47 $%+ has exceptional spanning characteristics and spans up to
4.1 metres, reducing the need for supporting structures.
The built-in properties of high tensile steel are maximised in the design
and fabrication of the deck profiles which result in products with high
strength-to-weight ratio. ,93!'(47 $%+ is currently the most economical
structural steel decking in Australia for typical applications because it
provides widest cover per weight of steel.
The profiled ribs are 78mm in height, resulting in ,93!'(47 $%+ having
excellent concrete displacement characteristics and minimal propping
requirements. This speeds up installation and makes the costs of delivery,
erection and structural framing significantly lower than for other systems.
Scope
This manual provides information on the design of formwork, propping,
composite slabs and design for fire and some information for composite
beams.
This manual is developed to the latest versions of the relevant Australian
Standards and Eurocodes.
Conditions of use
This publication contains technical information on the following grades of
,93!'(47 $%+:
s,93!'(47 $%+ 0.75 mm thickness
s,93!'(47 $%+ 1.00 mm thickness
Additionally,,93!'(4 7 $%+ software allows you to get quicker and
more economical solutions with a range of options. Call Steel Direct
on 1800 641 417 to obtain additional copies of the Design Manual and
Software.
Where we recommend use of third party materials, ensure you check
the manufacturer's requirements. Diagrams are used to explain the
requirements of a particular product. Adjacent construction elements of
the building that would normally be required in that particular situation
are not always shown. Accordingly aspects of a diagram not shown should
not be interpreted as meaning these construction or design details are
not required. You should check the relevant Codes associated with the
construction or design.
Warranties
Our products are engineered to perform according to our specifications
only if they are installed according to the recommendations in this manual
and our publications. Naturally, if a published warranty is offered for the
product, the warranty requires specifiers and installers to exercise due
care in how the products are applied and installed and are subject to final
use and proper installation. Owners need to maintain the finished work.
4
1. Features and Applications
Contact Steel Direct for advice on the design of concrete frame buildings.
Use on masonry buildings is acceptable if the requirements of Section 7
are satisfied.
1.1 Spanning Capacities

,93!'(47 $%+ has superior spanning capacities. 1.0 mm BMT ,93!'(4
7 $%+can span up to 4.1 metres when used on steel framed construction.
After careful examination, our engineers incorporated the best aspects of
each profile into new ,93!'(47 $%+ developed specifically for high
tensile steel. This resulted in a new innovative and optimised shape for
,93!'(47 $%+, having flange stiffeners and deep embossments, which
act as web stiffeners, to increase the load carrying capacity.
Due to the large depth of the profile, an increase of the flexural rigidity
reduces deflections.
1.2 Composite Action

Generally speaking, a profiled steel sheet forms permanent and integral
formwork for the concrete slab. Commonly, the ribs of the profiled sheeting
are perpendicular to the centreline of the steel I-section which supports it.
The stud shear connectors are welded through the thin steel sheeting into
the top flange of the steel beam. This creates a shear connection in the
longitudinal beam by way of the mechanical shear connectors, as well as
in the direction transverse to the beam by the embossments in the profiled
sheeting. It is this connection that allows a transfer for forces and gives
composite members their unique behaviour.
,93!'(47 $%+ has exceptional composite performance and leads to no
additional reinforcement requirement in most applications.
1.3 Design Efficiency

The range of ,93!'(47 $%+ gauges available (0.75 mm and 1.0
mm) allows much closer matching of design requirements and deck
performance.
1.2 mm BMT is not available in the design tables and software. However, a
solution with ,93!'(47 $%+ 1.2 mm BMT is available subject to enquiry.
1.4 Design for Fire

,93!'(47 $%+ composite slabs can be designed for up to 4 hours of
fire rating. Guide tables in our manual are developed for fire periods of
60 and 90 minutes. Where necessary, additional bottom fire reinforcement
is given in these tables. Our software can be used if other fire periods are
required.
Negative fire reinforcement is an additional design option in our ,93!'(4
7 $%+designsoftware.
1.5 Quicker Trouble-Free Installation

The installation of ,93!'(47 $%+ follows traditional methods for quick
and easy installation. It is available in long lengths so large areas can
be quickly and easily covered to form a safe working platform during
construction. ,93!'(47 $%+provides a cover width of 700 mm, which is
the widest cover per weight of steel currently available in Australia.
1.6 Technical Support

Contact Steel Direct on 1800 641 417 for access to our technical support
services.BlueScope Lysaght Technology at Chester Hill, NSW, together
with your local BlueScope Lysaght Technical Sales Representatives, can
be called upon also to provide comprehensive information regarding the
correct use of ,93!'(47 $%+ for engineers, architects and builders.
5
2. Specification and Design
2.1 LYSAGHT W-DEK composite slabs
Bar reinforcement Mesh

Embossments reinforcement
Concrete b
D yb
dcb SHEETING tbm (BMT)

ELASTIC
LYSAGHT W-DEK
CENTROID Cover width 700
Figure 2.1
LYSAGHT W-DEK profile dimension and
reinforcement
78mm
700mm
713.6mm
Figure 2.2
,93!'(47 $%+ profile and dimensions
2.2 LYSAGHT W-DEK Section Properties

Full C ross-sectional Effective second
LYSAGHT W-DEK Thickness Self Weight area of W-DECK moment of area
B MT mm (kg/m2) Ash mm2/m l x 104 mm4/m
1.00 BMT 1.00 11.63 1414 119.9
0.75 BMT 0.75 8.85 1060 77.5
Table 2.1
Notes: 1. Self weight is given for Z350 coating.
2. Effective second moment of area varies depending on span values in a table.
Values are given for longest spans only.
6
2.3 Sheeting
,93!'(47 $%+ is rolled-formed from hot dipped, zinc-coated, high
tensile steels in base metal thickness (BMT) of 1.0 and 0.75 mm.
1.2 mm BMT is not available in the design tables and software. However,
the solution using ,93!'(47 $%+ 1.2 mm BMT is available subject to
enquiry.
The steel conforms to:
s!3AND
sAND"-4 STEELGRADEIS'
s"-4nSTEELGRADEIS'
The coating is Z350 (350 g/m2 minimum coating mass) or Z450 (450 g/m2
minimum coating mass) is available subject to enquiry.
Embossments on the top of flanges and web embossing provide the
mechanical connection between the steel and concrete.
2.4 Concrete
All tables have been developed for the 32 MPa grade of concrete with
normal density of 2400 kg/m3 (wet density). Other concrete grades are
available in the software.
2.5 Reinforcement
s3TEELREINFORCEMENTISNECESSARYTOCONTROLSHRINKAGEANDTEMPERATURE
effects, as flexural negative reinforcement over supports and in
some instances for fire engineering purposes and as bottom tensile
reinforcement. It shall comply with the requirements of AS/NZS
4671:2001.
s&ORNEGATIVEPOSITIVEANDFIREREINFORCEMENT$.OR9ISUSEDIN
the software. D500N is used only in the tables.
s$,OR$.REINFORCEMENTCANBEUSEDASSHRINKAGEMESH
s/URDESIGNTABLESASSUMETHEUSEOF$.MMMAXIMUMDIAMETER
bars for negative and fire reinforcement in addition to 500L shrinkage
mesh.
2.6 Shear Connectors
Extensive testing has been conducted in our NATA-registered lab and
the University of Western Sydney. Shear stud capacities are available
for secondary and primary composite beams. Those capacities can be
achieved using conventional reinforcement in secondary beams and
specific reinforcement developed by One Steel/University of Western
Sydney in primary beams.
For more information refer to Section 8 of this Manual: Composite Beams.
2.7 Design Methods
There are a number of ways you can design concrete slabs using,93!'(4
7 $%+:
s5SINGTHEDESIGNTABLESGIVENINTHISMANUAL
s#ALCULATEFROMFIRSTPRINCIPLESUSINGTHERELEVANT!USTRALIAN3TANDARDS
Eurocodes and data from this manual.
s2UNOUR,93!'(47 $%+design software. This is also likely to produce
a more economical design.
s#ONTACT3TEEL$IRECTON
However, if in doubt you should get advice from a specialist where
required.
7
3. Formwork Design
The ,93!'(47 $%+ formwork shall be designed in accordance to AS
3610 - 1995 and AS2327.1.
,93!'(47 $%+ capacities and stiffness have been derived from tests
conducted at our NATA-accredited laboratory at BlueScope Lysaght
Technology, Chester Hill, NSW.
Our design tables can be used to detail ,93!'(47 $%+ acting as a
structural formwork, provided the following conditions are satisfied:
s4HESUPPORTLINESEXTENDACROSSTHEFULLWIDTHOFTHESHEETINGANDHAVEA
minimum bearing of 50 mm at the ends of the sheets, 100 mm minimum
bearing length for interior supports.
s4HESHEETSCONTINUEWITHINEACHSLABSPANLENGTHWITHOUTANYOVERLAPS
or intermediate splicing or jointing longitudinally.
s4HESHEETSAREDESIGNEDASSINGLEORCONTINUOUSSPANFORMWORK
s4HESLABHASAUNIFORMCROSSSECTION
s3EPARATECONSIDERATIONISGIVENTOSIDESOFTHESHEETINGWHEREEDGES
shall be restrained.
s,93!'(47 $%+ sheeting ends shall be securely fixed at all permanent
and temporary supports to the supporting structure
s4HERATIOOFTHELONGERSLABSPANTOTHESHORTERSLABSPAN,l/Ls) of any
two adjacent spans does not exceed 1.2 (i.e. Ll/Ls 1.2).
s4HESUPPORTSAREEFFECTIVELYRIGIDSUCHTHATTHEIRVERTICALDEFLECTIONS
during the construction phase can be ignored in design.
Bearing on LYSAGHT W-DEK

Equal sheeting spans L'
(Not less than100 mm
where sheeting
Outline of 50mm is continuous.) 50mm
concrete minimum
minimum
Temporary Interior Temporary

End support props Interior
props support
support
LYSAGHT
W-DEK
Slab span L Slab span L

Interior
support
Figure 3.1
,93!'(47 $%+ formwork
8
3.1 Deflection Limits
AS-3610—1995 Formwork for concrete, defines five classes of surface
finish (numbered 1 to 5) covering a broad range of applications and
AS2327.1.
We recommend a deflection limit of span/240 for the design of composite
slabs in which good general alignment is required, so that the soffit
appears straight when viewed as a whole. We consider span/240 to be
suitable for a Class-3 and 4 surface finish and, in many situations, Class
2. Where alignment affects the thickness of applied finishes (for example
vermiculite), you may consider a smaller limit of span/270 to be more
suitable.
We consider span/130 to be a reasonable maximum deflection limit
appropriate for profile steel sheeting in situations where visual quality is
not significant (Class 5).
3.2 Formwork Design Loads
,93!'(47 $%+ must be designed as formwork for two stages of
construction according to AS 3610-1995 and AS2327.1.
Stage I
Prior to the placement of the concrete:
s DURINGHANDLINGANDERECTIONOFTHEFORMWORKAND
s O NCETHEFORMWORKISERECTEDBUTPRIORTOTHEPLACEMENTOFTHE
concrete,
When a live load due to stacked materials can be adequately controlled
on the site at less than 4 kPa, the reduced design live load must be clearly
indicated on the formwork documentation. (1kPa in tables from Section 3.3)
Stage II
During placement of the concrete up until the concrete has set (until fcm
reaches 15-MPa and concrete is able to act flexurally to support additional
loads such as stacked materials).
NOTE: No loads from stacked materials are allowed until the concrete has
set.
s$IFFERENTPATTERNLOADINGSHALLBECONSIDEREDINCLUDINGWHENONE
formwork span only is loaded - with live loads, loads due to stacked
materials and wet concrete. The ,93!'(47 $%+ has sufficient
capacity for a concentrated point load of 2.0 kN for all spans and
BMT. It is not necessary to perform formwork capacity checks for
concentrated loads.
9
3.2.1 Design For Strength
Design bending capacities
The positive bending moment should be calculated using partial plastic
theory. Negative moments over supports should not exceed the values
given in Table 3.1.
If the negative bending moment over the support obtained from linear
elastic analysis exceeds the design negative bending capacity - negative
moments shall be redistributed into positive area such as negative moment
does not exceed value given in the tables.
Bending moment in positive areas shall not exceed design moment

capacity given in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
W-DEK moment capacities
Design positive Design negative
Capacity Capacity
tbm F-u.sh (kN/m -u.sh (kN/m
1.0
1.0 9.73 7.2
0.75
0.75 Minimum value of: 3.2
(i) 6.61
(ii) 3.46 + 1.26Ll
where Ll is in metres (distance between centres
of permanent or temporary supports)
Shear (web crippling) capacity of end support

Interior supports shall not be checked for shear. The design shear capacity
(F Vu,sh) for end bearing length of 50 mm or more, is :
(F Vu,sh) = 25 kN/m (0.75 BMT)
(F Vu,sh) = 38 kN/m (1.0 BMT)
3.2.1 Design For Serviceability

The maximum vertical deflection ($), at completion of the concrete
placement in all spans, is calculated using:
sTHEVALUESOFTHECOEFFICIENTKdASGIVENIN4ABLEAND
sTHEVALUEOFTHEEFFECTIVESECONDMOMENTOFAREA)ef is calculated as
follows:
For 0.75 BMT
Ief = Minimum of 775000mm4
or
Maximum (Ll MM4
For 1.00 BMT
Ief = Minimum (406500+Ll MM4
where Ll is in mm.
Table 3.2
Values of coefficient kd for calculation of $
(The maximum vertical deflection always occurs in the
end span for these conditions.)
10
3.3 Formwork tables
Formwork table 1.00 BMT

No props
Slab thickness, mm 130 135 140 145 150 160 175 200
Single span 3100 3050 3000 2950 2900 2850 2750 2600
Two spans 4100 4050 4000 3950 3900 3800 3650 3500
Three or more spans 3800 3750 3700 3650 3600 3500 3400 3200
1 prop
Single span 5200 5200 5400 5600 5600 6000 6000 6000
Two spans 5200 5200 5400 5600 5600 6000 6000 6000
Formwork table 0.75 BMT

No props
Single span 2700 2650 2600 2550 2550 2450 2300 2100
Two spans 3500 3450 3400 3350 3300 3200 3050 2900
1 prop
Single span 5200 5200 5400 5600 5600 6000 5950 5650
Two spans 5200 5200 5400 5600 5600 6000 5950 5650
NOTES: 1. Continuous maximum spans are limited as given in composite slab tables for interior spans and total 6000mm limit.
2. Maximum formwork spans are based on Ll/240 deflection limit and ratio of two adjacent spans equal 1:1.
3. Use ,93!'(4 7 $%+software to get longer spans with Ll/130 deflection limit and wider supports.
4. 1kPa Live Load due to stacked materials is used.
11
4. Composite Slab Design
4.1 General
This chapter discusses the parameters upon which our design tables and
software are based. Solutions to your design problems may be obtained by
direct reference to either our ,93!'(4 7 $%+ design software, or our design
tables in this Manual.
Design data about composite performance of slabs with,93!'(47 $%+
have been obtained from full scale slab tests conducted at the University of
Newcastle.
4.2 Application
Our design tables and software can be used to design composite slabs
with ,93!'(4 7 $%+ provided the following conditions are satisfied:
s 4 HESPECIFIEDCONCRETESTRENGTHGRADEƒć is in the range 25 MPa to 40
MPa (as specified in AS-3600—2001). The concrete density Rc may be
for normal weight concrete, taken as Rc 2400kg/m3.
s 4 HECONCRETEMANUFACTUREANDMATERIALSSATISFYTHEREQUIREMENTSOF
AS 3600—2001, Section 19.
s 4 HELINESOFSUPPORTEXTENDACROSSTHEFULLWIDTHOFTHESHEETINGAND
have a minimum bearing of 50 mm at the ends of the sheets, and 100
mm at intermediate supports over which sheeting is continuous.
s 4 HERATIOOFTHELONGERSLABSPANL1) to the shorter slab span ( Ls ) of
any two adjacent spans does not exceed 1.2, that is L1/Ls b 1.2.
s 4HESLABHASAUNIFORMCROSS SECTION
s 4 HEDESIGNLOADSFORSERVICEABILITYANDSTRENGTHDESIGNSHALLBE
uniformly-distributed and static in nature.
s 4 HEBENDINGMOMENTSATTHESUPPORTSAREONLYCAUSEDBYTHEACTIONOF
vertical loads applied to the slab.
s 4HEEXPOSURECLASSIFICATIONIS!!"OR"
s /
NLY,93!'(47 $%+ profiles can be used in conjunction with this
manual. High values of Tu,Rd responsible for composite performance can
only be achieved due to advanced features of ,93!'(47 $%+.
Refer to Table 4.1 for longitudinal shear resistance values.
s -
ATERIALANDCONSTRUCTIONREQUIREMENTSFORCONVENTIONALREINFORCING
steel must be in accordance with AS 3600—2001, Clause 19.2, and
the design yield stress, ( ƒsy ), must be taken from AS 3600—2001,
Table 6.2.1, for the appropriate type and grade of reinforcement, and
manufacturers’ data.
s -
ATERIALANDCONSTRUCTIONREQUIREMENTSFORCONCRETEMUSTBEIN
accordance with AS 3600—2001, Clause 19.1.
s ,93!'(47 $%+ must not be spliced, lapped or joined longitudinally in
any way.
s 4 HEPERMANENTSUPPORTLINESMUSTEXTENDACROSSTHEFULLWIDTH
of the slab.
s 3
IMILARTOTHEREQUIREMENTINAS 2327.1, Clause 4.2.3, composite
action must be assumed to exist between the steel sheeting and the
concrete once the concrete in the slab has attained a compressive
strength of 15 MPa, that is ƒćj r15 MPa. Prior to the development of
composite action during construction, potential damage to the shear
CONNECTIONMUSTBEAVOIDEDANDNOLOADSFROMSTACKEDMATERIALSARE
allowed.
s 4HEFIRSTINTERIORSPANMUSTHAVETHESAMETHICKNESSASTHEENDSPAN
s $ETAILINGOFCONVENTIONALTENSILEREINFORCEMENTOVERNEGATIVEMOMENT
regions shall be arranged in accordance with the Figures 4.1 and 4.2.
Refer to AS3600-2001, clause 9.1.3 for more information on detailing of
tensile reinforcement in one way slab.
12
4.3 Crack Control options
Tables and software are developed to the latest recommendations of
AS3600-2001, Clause 9.4.1 regarding flexural crack control. Our design
tables for continuous spans assume full crack control. The software allows
full and relaxed crack control.
s-AXIMUMBARDIAMETERANDMAXIMUMBARSPACINGDEPENDONTHESTRESS
fs in the reinforcement and the design crack width – a smaller bar
diameter may result in less reinforcement being necessary.
s&ORDETAILEDANALYSISOFCRACKCONTROLFORCOMPOSITESLABREFERTO
AS3600-2001, Clause 9.4.
minimum 100mm
Negative
reinforcement
0.3Ln 0.3Ln
Wall
Wall
Cover
Concrete slab
Minimum 70mm
Wall
Wall
0.3Ln LYSAGHT W-DEK
Minimum 50mm
Ln Ln
L (span) L (span)
Restraint at Continuous over Little or no
end support interior support restraint at
by mass of wall end support
Figure 4.1
Pattern 1 for conventional reinforcement
0.3Ln 0.3Ln
Wall
Wall
Cover
Concrete slab
0.3Ln
LYSAGHT W-DEK
Wall
Wall
1/3 of negative
reinforcement
Ln Ln
L (span) L (span)
Restraint at Continuous over Little or no
end support interior support restraint at
end support
by mass of wall
Figure 4.2
Pattern 2 for conventional reinforcement when imposed load exceeds twice the dead load
13
4.4 Durability
The exposure classification relevant to the design of ,93!'(47 $%+
slabs are A1, A2, B1 and B2 as defined in AS 3600—2001, Clause 4.3.
The minimum concrete cover (c) to reinforcing steel, measured from the
slab top face, must comply with AS-3600—2001, Table 4.10.3.2.
4.5 Design Loads

4.5.1 Strength load Combinations
For strength calculations, design loads for both propped and unpropped
construction must be based on the following load combinations.
Pattern loading shall be considered according to AS3600-2001 Clause

7.6.4.
As per AS3600-2001

1.25 Gc Gsh Gsup 1.5Q
and for bending (composite) and shear capacity in positive (with top outer
fibre of concrete in compression) areas. (as per prEN 1994-1-1)

1.35 Gc Gsh Gsup 1.5Q
where Gc SELFWEIGHTOFCONCRETE Gsh =SELFWEIGHTOFSHEETING
Gsup = superimposed dead load (partitions, floor tiles, etc.) Q = live load
4.5.2 Serviceability Load Combinations

Deflections due to loading applied to the composite slab should be
calculated using linear elastic analysis in accordance with AS3600-2001,
Clause 3.4. and 8.5.3. Note that the live load (Q) is applied after the
removal of any temporary props and after the addition of any deflection-
sensitive finishes. The loading pattern of vertical load should be considered
in the analysis as per AS3600-2001, Clause 7.6.4 for short term loads.
Loads for crack control shall be in accordance AS3600-2001 Clause 9.4.1.
4.5.3 Superimposed Dead Load

The maximum superimposed dead load assumed in our design tables is
1.0 kPa. Use ,93!'(4 7 $%+ design software for other loads.
14
4.6 Design for Strength in Negative Regions
4.6.1 Negative Bending Strength
For the bending strength design in negative moment regions, the presence
of the sheeting in the slab is ignored and the slab shall be designed
allowing for 50% void area between ribs. For this purpose, use the
provisions of AS3600-2001, Section 9.
The minimum bending strength requirement of AS 3600-2001, Clause 9.1
must be satisfied.
4.6.2 Shear Strength
Negative moment regions must be designed for shear strength, to satisfy
AS 3600-2001, Section 9. The negative moment region of composite slab
shall be calculated allowing for voids between ribs which are 50% of cross
sectional area within decking profile.
4.7 Design for Strength in Positive Regions
4.7.1 Positive Bending Strength
Positive-moment regions are designed for bending strength such that at
every cross-section the design positive moment capacity is not less than
the design positive bending moment capacity.
Table 4.1
LYSAGHT W-DEK Positive bending capacity shall be calculated as per prEN1994-1-1 Clause
Longitudinal shear resistance 9.7.2. Partial shear connection theory shall be employed using values of
BMT u,Rd (kPa) Tu,Rd in Table 4.1.
0.75 115 4.7.2 Shear Strength
1.0 185
The positive shear capacity can be calculated as per Eurocode 2
Clause 4.3.2.3
15
5. Design for Fire
5.1 General
The ,93!'(4 7 $%+ composite slabs shall be designed for fire conditions
in accordance to AS 3600-2001. The entire soffit of slab is assumed to
be exposed to fire over both positive and negative moments regions.
Temperature distribution through a cross section of a composite slab
subject to fire is affected by the geometry of sheeting profile.
Reduction factors are applied to allow for the adverse effect of elevated
temperatures on the mechanical properties of concrete and steel. Values of
these reduction factors shall be derived from the relationships given in
AS 3600-2001, Clause 5.9.
Our tables may be used to detail ,93!'(4 7 $%+ composite slabs when
the soffit is exposed to fire provided the following conditions are satisfied:
s4HECOMPOSITESLABACTSASAONE WAYELEMENTSPANNINGINTHEDIRECTION
of the sheeting ribs for both room temperature and fire conditions.
s4HECOMPOSITESLABHASBEENINITIALLYDESIGNEDANDDETAILEDFORROOM
temperature conditions in accordance to this manual.
s4HEFIREDESIGNLOADISESSENTIALLYUNIFORMLYDISTRIBUTEDANDSTATICIN
nature.
s!DEQUATEDETAILINGOFSLABJOINTINGEDGESSLABHOLESANDCAVITIESFOR
penetrating, embedded or encased services) to provide the appropriate
fire resistance period. Alternatively the local provision of suitable
protection (such as fire spray material) will be necessary.
s&IREREINFORCEMENTASPER&IGUREAND&IGURE
s4HEFIREPERIODSAREORMIN
sXb= 140mm as per Figure 5.1 and 5.2 designates zone where fire and
negative reinforcement shall be placed.
5.2 Design for Insulation and Integrity

Minimum required overall depth (D) of ,93!'(4 7 $%+ slabs for
insulation and integrity for various fire resistance periods is given in
Table 5.1.
These values are derived from test results.
Table 5.1 Minimum overall depth

(D) of LYSAGHT W-DEK slabs for
insulation and integrity
Fire
Resistance
Period Depth
(Minutes) (D) mm
60 130
90 135
120 145
180 170
240 190
5.3 Design for Structural Adequacy

5.3.1 Design Loads
Use AS1170.1 Clause 2.5 together with
Design load for fire Wf = 1.1G + Yl Q
16
5.4 Reinforcement for Fire Design
The arrangement of reinforcement for fire design is shown in Figure 5.1.
Fire reinforcement may be necessary, in addition to mesh and negative
reinforcement required by our tables for composite slab design.
s$,REINFORCEMENTSHOULDBEIGNOREDASFIREREINFORCEMENTLOCATEDAT
the plastic hinges.
s4HELOCATIONOFREINFORCEMENT!st,f- for Fire detail 1 is in a single top layer
at a depth of dct below the slab top face (refer to figure 5.1). This detail
is applicable to continuous slabs only
s4HELOCATIONOFREINFORCEMENT!st,f+ for Fire detail 2 is in a single bottom
layer at a distance of yb above the slab soffit (refer to Figure 5.1). This
detail is applicable to both continuous and simple spans.
s4HECROSS SECTIONALAREAOFTHEADDITIONALREINFORCEMENTFORFIREDESIGN
is designated Ast,f+ in our tables (D500 N with bar diameter = 12 mm or
less).
s4HENEGATIVEREINFORCEMENT!st-) and the additional fire reinforcement
(Ast,f+ or Ast,f- as applicable), must be located as shown in Figure 5.1 &
5.2.
s4ABLESHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDFOR&IRE$ETAILnOURSOFTWAREPROVIDES
both options.
Ast, transverse Ast.f– Ast–
Concrete xb xb
dct
D
Mesh
LYSAGHT W-DEK (longitudinal - wires not shown)
Ast– Ast.f–
Concrete
LYSAGHT W-DEK
0.3 Ln
Ln
L
Fire detail 1
–
Ast, transverse Ast Ast.f+ Ast
+
Concrete xb xb
D
yb
Mesh
LYSAGHT W-DEK (longitudinal - wires not shown)
Ast- Ast.f+
Concrete
LYSAGHT W-DEK
0.3 Ln
Ln
L
Figure 5.1
Details of reinforcement for fire design Fire detail 2
17
5.5 Location of Longitudinal Reinforcement for Fire
Design
The longitudinal bars which make up Ast.f +, Ast.f - or A-st should be located
within the zone shown in Figure 5.2.
xb = 140mm
yb = varies depending on the diameter of the supporting bar
Transverse supporting bars

Concrete
(shrinkage mesh) Ast.- (Ast.f-)
xb xb
yb
Ast.f+
LYSAGHT W-DEK
Permissible zone for
longitudinal fire reinforcement Ast.f+, Ast.f- and A-st
Fig. 5.2
Permissible zone for location of longitudinal fire reinforcement for Fire
Detail 1 & 2.
Negative reinforcement A-st may be placed anywhere outside permissible

zone (See fig. 5.2) if design for fire is not required.
18
6. Design Tables
6.1 Use of Design Tables
KEY - Single Spans The design parameters specific for each table are given on the top of tables:
s3PANSSINGLECONTINUOUSENDORINTERIOR
Fire reinforcement required for fire
resistance of 90 minutes (mm2/m) s3PANSCENTRETOCENTRE
s4HICKNESSOFTHESLAB
50 570 s,IVELOAD
The rest of parameters are common for all tables and listed below:
Bottom reinforcement required for fire
resistance of 60 minutes (mm2/m) s-ORETHANFOURSPANSFORCONTINUOUSSPANS
s#ONCRETEGRADEF1c = 32MPa.
s4YPEOFCONSTRUCTIONSTEEL FRAMECONSTRUCTION
s$ENSITYOFWETCONCRETEKGM3.
KEY - Continuous Spans
Top tensile (negative) s,93!'(4 W $%+ used as a structural deck with thickness 0.75 or
reinforcements over 1.0mm BMT
supports (mm2/m)
Fire reinforcement required s-INIMUMMMWIDTHOFPERMANENTSUPPORTS
for fire resistance of 90
minutes (mm2/m) s!EXPOSURECLASSIFICATION
1440
50 570 s#OMPOSITESLABDEFLECTIONLIMITS,FORTOTALLOADSAND,FOR
incremental deflection.
Fire reinforcement required for fire resistance
of 60 minutes (mm2/m)
s)NDOORCONDITIONSFORCREEPANDSHRINKAGE
s2ATIOOFLONGERADJACENTSPANTOSHORTERDOESNOTEXCEED
s#RACKCONTROLREQUIRED
Notes:
1. Areas without cells mean that a design solution is s-AXIMUMMMDIAMETERREINFORCINGBARS
not possible.
2. Single spans do not require top tensile reinforcement, sK0AOFSUPERIMPOSEDDEADLOAD
relevant cells are not shown. s2EINFORCEMENT$.FORNEGATIVEANDFIREREINFORCEMENT
3. All spans are centre to centre.
4. A dash (-) means no fire reinforcement s,OCATIONOFNEGATIVEREINFORCEMENTASSHOWNON&IG
is necessary.
5. N/A means a design solution with this particular fire s,OCATIONOFFIREREINFORCEMENTASSHOWNON&IGAND&IREDETAIL
rating is not possible.
s3HRINKAGEMESHASINTHE4ABLEFORMINORDEGREEOFCRACKCONTROL
6. Top tensile/negative reinforcement is additional to
shrinkage mesh area s&ORMWORKWITHATLEASTONESUPPORTASSUMEDFULLYSUPPORTEDCONDITIONS
Table 6.1 Shrinkage mesh used with tables. sMMSUPPORTWIDTH
s.EGATIVEANDFIREREINFORCEMENTSHOWNINTABLESISINADDITIONTOSHRINKAGE
Depth Mesh
130 SL62 mesh specified in Table 6.1. If negative fire reinforcement is required,
135 SL62 at least one bar per ,93!'(47 $%+ rib should be placed. Smaller bar
140 SL62 diameter may result in less negative and fire reinforcement.
145 SL62
150 SL62
160 SL72
175 SL72
200 SL82
19
6.2 Single Spans
Single Spans 130 mm slab

Span Characteristic Imposed Load Qk (kPa)
(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
1800 60 N/A 70 N/A 70 N/A 80 N/A 90 N/A 100 N/A 130 N/A 150 N/A
2600 190 N/A 200 N/A 210 N/A 230 N/A 250 N/A 280 N/A 340 N/A
2800 230 N/A 250 N/A 260 N/A 270 N/A 300 N/A 330 N/A
3000 280 N/A 290 N/A 310 N/A 330 N/A 360 N/A
3200 330 N/A 350 N/A 370 N/A 390 N/A
3400 380 N/A 410 N/A
3600
3800
5000
5200

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 7.5 10
2600 170 N/A 180 N/A 190 N/A 200 N/A 220 N/A 240 N/A 300 N/A
2800 200 N/A 220 N/A 230 N/A 240 N/A 270 N/A 290 N/A
3000 240 N/A 260 N/A 270 N/A 290 N/A 320 N/A 350 N/A
3200 290 N/A 310 N/A 320 N/A 340 N/A
3400 340 N/A 360 N/A 380 N/A
3600 390 N/A
3800
4000

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
2800 180 N/A 190 N/A 200 N/A 220 N/A 240 N/A 260 N/A 320 N/A
3000 220 N/A 230 N/A 240 N/A 260 N/A 280 N/A 310 N/A
3200 260 N/A 270 N/A 290 N/A 300 N/A 330 N/A
3400 300 N/A 320 N/A 340 N/A 350 N/A
3600 350 N/A 370 N/A
3800
4000
4000

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
2200 80 100 90 100 90 110 100 110 110 120 120 140 150 170 180 200
2400 110 120 110 130 120 140 130 140 140 160 160 170 190 210 230 240
2600 140 150 140 160 150 170 160 180 180 190 190 210 240 250 280 300
2800 170 180 180 190 190 200 200 210 210 230 230 250 280 300
3000 200 220 210 230 220 240 230 250 260 270 280 300
3200 240 250 250 270 260 280 280 290 300 320 330 350
3400 280 290 290 310 310 320 320 340
3600 320 340 340 350 350 370
3800 360 380
4000
4200
20
(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
2400 100 110 100 120 110 120 120 130 130 140 140 160 170 190 210 220
2600 120 140 130 150 140 150 150 160 160 180 180 190 210 230 250 270
2800 150 170 160 180 170 190 180 190 200 210 210 230 260 280 310 320
3000 180 200 190 210 200 220 210 230 240 250 260 270 310 330
3200 220 230 230 250 240 260 250 270 280 290 300 320
3400 250 270 270 280 280 300 290 310 320 340
3600 290 310 310 330 320 340 340 360
3800 340 350 350 370
4000
4200

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
2600 90 110 100 120 110 120 110 130 120 140 140 160 170 190 200 220
2800 120 140 130 140 130 150 140 160 160 170 170 190 210 230 250 270
3000 150 170 160 170 160 180 170 190 190 210 210 230 250 270
3200 180 200 190 210 200 220 210 230 230 250 250 270
3400 210 230 220 240 230 250 240 260 270 290 290 310
3600 250 270 260 280 270 290 280 300 310 330
3800 280 300 300 320 310 330 330 350
4000 320 340 340 360
4200

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
2800 100 110 100 120 110 130 110 130 130 150 140 160 170 190 200 220
3000 120 140 130 150 140 150 140 160 160 170 170 190 210 230 240 260
3200 150 170 160 170 160 180 170 190 190 210 200 220 240 260 290 310
3400 180 190 190 200 190 210 200 220 220 240 240 260 290 310
3600 210 230 220 240 230 250 240 260 260 280 280 300
3800 240 260 250 270 260 280 270 290 300 320
4000 270 290 290 310 300 320 310 330
4200 310 330 320 340
4400
4600
4200

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
3000 80 100 80 100 90 110 90 120 100 130 110 140 140 160 170 190
3200 100 120 110 130 110 130 120 140 130 150 140 170 170 200 200 230
3400 120 150 130 150 140 160 140 170 160 180 170 200 210 230 240 270
3600 150 170 160 180 170 190 170 200 190 210 200 230 240 270 280 310
3800 180 200 190 210 190 220 200 230 220 250 240 260 280 310
4000 210 230 220 240 230 250 240 260 260 280 280 300
4200 240 260 250 270 260 280 270 290 290 320
4400 270 290 280 310 290 320 310 330
4600 300 330 320 340 330 360
4800 340 370
5000
5200
21
6.3 Interior Spans
Interior Spans 130 mm slab

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 90
1800
- N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A
70 70 70 70 70 70 80 140
2000
70 70 70 70 70 70 130 190
2200
70 70 70 70 70 100 180 260
2400
70 70 70 70 100 140 230 320
2600
- N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A
70 70 70 90 140 180 290 400
2800
20 N/A 30 N/A 40 N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A
70 70 100 130 180 220 350
3000
50 N/A 70 N/A 50 N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A
80 90 130 160 220 270 420
3200
60 N/A 50 N/A 20 N/A - N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A
100 120 180 200 260 330
3400
50 N/A 20 N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A
130 180 200 240 310 390
3600
50 N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A 20 N/A 30 N/A
180 180 240 280 370 450
3800
10 N/A 20 N/A 20 N/A 20 N/A 30 N/A 40 N/A
180 200 280 330 420
4000
20 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A 40 N/A
210 240 330 380
4200
30 N/A 30 N/A 40 N/A 40 N/A
240 270 370 430
4400
40 N/A 40 N/A 50 N/A 50 N/A
270 310 420
4600
50 N/A 50 N/A 60 N/A
300 350
4800
60 N/A 60 N/A
340 400
5000
70 N/A 70 N/A
380
5200
80 N/A
5400

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
80 80 80 80 80 80 80 130
2000
80 80 80 80 80 80 120 190
2200
80 80 80 80 80 100 170 240
2400
80 80 80 80 100 130 220 310
2600
80 80 80 90 130 170 280 380
2800
- N/A - N/A 10 N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A
80 80 90 120 170 220 340 460
3000
20 N/A 30 N/A 10 N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A
90 100 110 160 210 260 410
3200
50 N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A 20 N/A
110 120 140 200 250 320 480
3400
20 N/A 10 N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A
130 150 200 230 300 370
3600
10 N/A - N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A 20 N/A
160 200 200 270 350 430
3800
10 N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A 20 N/A 30 N/A
200 200 230 320 410
4000
20 N/A 20 N/A 20 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A
210 240 270 370 470
4200
20 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A 40 N/A
240 270 310 420
4400
30 N/A 40 N/A 40 N/A 40 N/A
270 300 350 470
4600
40 N/A 40 N/A 50 N/A 50 N/A
300 340 390
4800
50 N/A 50 N/A 60 N/A
340 390 440
5000
60 N/A 60 N/A 70 N/A
370
5200
70 N/A
5400
22
(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
90 90 90 90 90 90 120 180
2200
90 90 90 90 90 90 160 230
2400
90 90 90 90 100 130 210 300
2600
90 90 90 90 130 170 270 370
2800
90 90 90 120 170 220 320 440
3000
- N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A
90 110 120 150 220 260 390
3200
20 N/A 10 N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A
110 130 140 190 250 310 460
3400
10 N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A
140 150 220 230 290 360
3600
- N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A
160 220 220 270 340 420
3800
- N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A 20 N/A
220 220 230 310 390 480
4000
10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A 20 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A
220 240 260 360 450
4200
20 N/A 20 N/A 20 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A
250 270 300 400 510
4400
20 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A 40 N/A 40 N/A
280 300 340 460
4600
30 N/A 40 N/A 40 N/A 40 N/A
310 340 380 510
4800
40 N/A 50 N/A 50 N/A 50 N/A
340 380 430
5000
50 N/A 50 N/A 60 N/A
380 420
5200
60 N/A 60 N/A
410
5400
70 N/A
5600

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
100 100 100 100 100 100 120 170
2200
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
100 100 100 100 100 100 160 230
2400
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
100 100 100 100 100 130 200 290
2600
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
100 100 100 100 130 160 260 350
2800
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
100 100 100 120 160 200 310 430
3000
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 10 20
100 110 120 150 200 250 370 510
3200
- 10 - - - - - - - 10 - 10 10 20 10 N/A
120 130 150 180 240 300 440
3400
- - - - - 10 - 10 - 10 - 20 10 30
140 160 170 230 280 350 510
3600
- 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 10 20 10 20 20 N/A
170 190 230 260 330 400
3800
- 10 - 20 10 20 10 20 10 30 20 30
230 230 230 300 380 460
4000
10 20 10 20 10 30 10 30 20 30 30 40
230 240 260 340 430 530
4200
10 30 20 30 20 30 20 40 30 40 30 N/A
250 270 300 390 490
4400
20 30 20 40 30 40 30 40 40 N/A
280 300 330 440
4600
30 40 30 40 30 50 40 50
310 340 370 500
4800
30 50 40 50 40 60 50 N/A
340 370 420
5000
40 60 50 60 50 60
380 410 460
5200
50 60 60 70 60 70
410 450
5400
60 70 60 80
450
5600
70 80
5800
23
(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
110 110 110 110 110 110 150 220
2400
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
110 110 110 110 110 120 200 280
2600
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
110 110 110 110 120 160 250 340
2800
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
110 110 110 120 160 200 300 410
3000
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 - 10
110 120 130 150 190 240 360 480
3200
- - - - - - - - - - - 10 - 10 10 20
120 140 150 180 240 290 420
3400
- - - - - - - 10 - 10 - 10 10 20
150 160 180 240 280 340 490
3600
- 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 20 10 20 20 N/A
170 190 240 250 320 390
3800
- 10 - 10 - 20 - 20 10 20 10 30
200 240 240 290 370 450
4000
- 20 10 30 10 20 10 20 20 30 20 30
240 240 270 340 420 510
4200
10 20 10 30 10 30 20 30 20 40 30 N/A
250 270 300 380 480
4400
20 30 20 30 20 30 20 40 30 40
280 310 330 430 530
4600
20 40 30 40 30 40 30 50 40 N/A
310 340 370 480
4800
30 40 30 50 40 50 40 50
340 370 410 530
5000
40 50 40 50 40 60 50 N/A
380 410 450
5200
40 60 50 60 50 70
410 450 500
5400
50 70 60 70 60 N/A
450
5600
60 70
5800
6000

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
2600 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
270 270 270 270 270 270 270 410
2800
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
270 270 270 270 270 270 410 410
3000
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
270 270 270 270 270 270 410 430
3200
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3400 270 270 270 270 270 410 410 500
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
3600 270 270 270 270 410 410 430 580
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 - N/A
270 270 270 410 410 410 500
3800
- - - - - - - - - - - 10 - 20
270 270 410 410 410 410 580
4000
- - - - - - - 10 - 10 - 10 10 N/A
270 410 410 410 410 450
4200
- - - 10 - 10 - 10 - 20 10 20
4400 410 410 410 410 420 510
- 10 - 10 - 20 - 20 10 20 10 30
410 410 410 410 480 580
4600
- 20 - 20 10 20 10 30 10 30 20 N/A
410 410 410 410 540
4800
10 30 10 30 10 30 20 30 20 N/A
410 410 410 420 600
5000
10 30 20 30 20 40 20 40 30 N/A
5200 410 410 430 460
20 40 20 40 30 40 30 50
5400 410 440 470 510
30 40 30 50 40 50 40 60
5600 440 470 510
40 50 40 60 40 60
5800 480 510
40 60 50 60
510
6000
50 70
24
(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
2800
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
300 300 300 300 300 300 300 450
3000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
300 300 300 300 300 300 450 450
3200
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
300 300 300 300 300 300 450 450
3400
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
300 300 300 300 300 450 450 530
3600
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
300 300 300 300 450 450 460 610
3800 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 - N/A
300 300 300 300 450 450 520
4000
- - - - - - - - - - - 10 - 10
300 300 450 450 450 450 590
4200 - - - - - - - - - 10 - 10 10 20
300 450 450 450 450 470
4400
- - - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 20
450 450 450 450 450 530
4600
- 10 - 10 - 10 - 20 - 20 10 30
450 450 450 450 490 590
4800 - 10 - 20 - 20 10 20 10 30 20 30
450 450 450 450 550 650
5000
- 20 10 20 10 30 10 30 20 30 20 N/A
450 450 450 460 610
5200
10 30 10 30 20 30 20 40 30 N/A
450 450 470 500 670
5400
20 30 20 40 20 40 30 40 30 N/A
450 470 510 540
5600 20 40 30 40 30 50 30 50
480 510 550 580
5800 30 50 30 50 40 50 40 60
520 550 590
6000
40 50 40 60 50 60

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350
3000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350
3200 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 350 350 350 520
3400 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 350 350 520 520
3600 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 350 350 520 520
3800 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 350 520 520 570
4000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 520 520 520 650
4200
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 520 520 560 820
4400 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N/A
350 350 520 520 520 520 630
4600
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
350 520 520 520 520 520 700
4800 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
520 520 520 520 520 560
5000 - - - - - - - - - 10 - 10
520 520 520 520 520 610
5200
- - - - - 10 - 10 - 10 - 20
520 520 520 520 570 680
5400
- 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 20 - 20
520 520 520 530 630
5600
- 10 - 20 - 20 - 20 10 30
520 520 540 570 690
5800 - 20 - 20 - 20 10 30 10 30
520 550 580 610
6000 - 20 10 30 10 30 10 30
25
6.4 End Spans
End Spans 130 mm slab

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 100
1800
- N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A
70 70 70 70 70 70 100 160
2000
- N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A 30 N/A 40 N/A 50 N/A
70 70 70 70 70 80 150 220
2200
20 N/A 30 N/A 30 N/A 40 N/A 50 N/A 60 N/A 60 N/A 80 N/A
70 70 70 70 90 120 200 280
2400
70 70 70 90 120 180 260 360
2600
70 80 100 120 180 210 320 440
2800
90 100 130 180 210 260 390
3000
130 N/A 130 N/A 120 N/A 100 N/A 120 N/A 130 N/A 170 N/A
110 130 180 190 250 310 470
3200
150 N/A 140 N/A 120 N/A 130 N/A 140 N/A 160 N/A 210 N/A
180 180 200 240 300 370
3400
130 N/A 150 N/A 150 N/A 150 N/A 170 N/A 190 N/A
180 190 240 280 360 440
3600
180 N/A 180 N/A 170 N/A 180 N/A 210 N/A 230 N/A
200 230 290 330 420
3800
200 N/A 200 N/A 200 N/A 210 N/A 240 N/A
230 270 360 380
4000
230 N/A 220 N/A 230 N/A 250 N/A
270 360
4200
250 N/A 250 N/A
360
4400
270 N/A
4600

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
80 80 80 80 80 80 100 150
2000
- N/A - N/A - N/A 10 N/A 10 N/A 20 N/A 30 N/A 40 N/A
80 80 80 80 80 80 140 210
2200
80 80 80 80 90 120 200 270
2400
80 80 80 80 120 160 250 340
2600
80 90 100 120 160 200 310 420
2800
100 110 120 150 200 250 380
3000
100 N/A 100 N/A 100 N/A 90 N/A 100 N/A 110 N/A 140 N/A
120 140 200 200 250 300 450
3200
120 N/A 110 N/A 100 N/A 110 N/A 120 N/A 140 N/A 180 N/A
150 200 200 230 290 360
3400
130 N/A 120 N/A 120 N/A 130 N/A 150 N/A 170 N/A
200 200 220 270 350 420
3600
130 N/A 150 N/A 150 N/A 160 N/A 180 N/A 200 N/A
210 230 260 320 400
3800
160 N/A 170 N/A 170 N/A 180 N/A 210 N/A
240 270 310 380
4000
190 N/A 190 N/A 200 N/A 210 N/A
270 310 380
4200
210 N/A 220 N/A 230 N/A
380 380
4400
230 N/A 250 N/A
4600
26
(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
90 90 90 90 90 90 140 220
2200
90 90 90 90 90 110 190 260
2400
90 90 90 90 120 150 240 330
2600
90 90 100 120 150 220 300 400
2800
100 120 130 150 220 240 360 490
3000
130 140 160 220 240 290 430
3200
90 N/A 100 N/A 90 N/A 100 N/A 110 N/A 120 N/A 150 N/A
150 220 220 220 280 350 510
3400
110 N/A 100 N/A 110 N/A 120 N/A 130 N/A 150 N/A 180 N/A
220 220 220 270 340 410
3600
110 N/A 120 N/A 130 N/A 140 N/A 150 N/A 170 N/A
220 230 260 310 390 470
3800
140 N/A 140 N/A 150 N/A 160 N/A 180 N/A 200 N/A
240 270 300 360 450
4000
160 N/A 170 N/A 180 N/A 190 N/A 210 N/A
280 300 340 410
4200
180 N/A 190 N/A 200 N/A 220 N/A
310 400 400
4400
210 N/A 220 N/A 230 N/A
400
4600
230 N/A
4800

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
100 100 100 100 100 100 130 190
2200 - 20 - 20 10 20 10 20 10 30 20 30 30 50 50 60
100 100 100 100 100 110 180 250
2400 10 30 20 30 20 30 20 40 30 40 30 50 50 60 60 80
100 100 100 100 120 150 230 320
2600 30 40 30 50 40 50 40 60 50 60 50 60 70 80 90 100
100 100 110 120 150 190 290 390
2800 50 60 60 70 50 70 60 70 60 70 70 80 90 100 110 120
110 120 130 150 230 230 350 470
3000 70 80 70 80 70 90 70 80 80 90 90 100 110 130 140 N/A
130 150 160 230 230 280 420
3200 80 100 80 90 80 100 80 100 100 110 110 120 140 150
160 180 230 230 280 340 490
3400 90 110 90 110 100 110 100 120 120 130 130 140 160 N/A
190 230 230 260 330 390
3600 100 120 110 120 120 130 120 140 140 150 150 170
230 240 260 300 380 450
3800 120 140 130 140 140 150 150 160 160 180 180 190
250 270 290 350 430
4000 140 160 150 170 160 180 170 180 190 200
280 310 340 400
4200 160 180 170 190 180 200 190 210
320 340 420
4400 190 200 200 210 210 230
420 420
4600 210 230 220 240
4800
5000
27
Characteristic Imposed Load Qk (kPa)
Span
(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
110 110 110 110 110 110 170 240
2400 10 20 10 30 10 30 20 30 20 40 30 40 40 60 60 70
110 110 110 110 120 140 240 310
2600 20 30 20 40 30 40 30 50 40 50 40 60 60 70 80 90
110 110 110 120 150 180 280 370
2800 30 50 40 60 50 60 50 60 50 70 60 70 80 90 100 110
110 130 140 150 190 240 340 450
3000 60 70 60 70 50 70 60 70 70 80 80 90 100 110 120 140
140 150 170 180 240 270 400
3200 60 80 70 80 70 80 80 90 90 100 100 110 120 140
160 180 200 240 270 330 470
3400 80 100 80 100 90 100 90 110 100 120 120 130 150 160
190 240 240 250 320 380 550
3600 90 110 100 110 110 120 110 130 120 140 140 150 170 N/A
240 240 260 300 370 440
3800 110 120 120 130 120 140 130 150 150 160 160 180
250 270 300 340 420 500
4000 130 140 140 150 150 160 150 170 170 190 190 N/A
280 310 330 390 480
4200 150 160 160 170 170 180 180 190 200 210
320 340 370 440
4400 170 190 180 200 190 210 200 220
350 440 440
4600 190 210 200 220 220 230
440
4800 220 230
5000
5200

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
270 270 270 270 270 270 270 410
2600
- 20 - 20 - 20 10 20 10 30 20 30 30 50 50 60
270 270 270 270 270 270 410 410
2800
10 30 10 30 20 30 20 40 30 40 30 50 50 70 70 80
270 270 270 270 270 270 410 410
3000
20 40 30 40 30 50 30 50 40 60 50 70 70 80 90 100
270 270 270 270 270 410 410
3200
40 50 40 60 40 60 50 60 60 70 70 80 90 100
270 270 270 270 410 410 420
3400
50 70 50 70 60 80 60 80 70 90 80 100 110 130
270 270 410 410 410 410 490
3600
60 80 70 90 70 90 80 100 90 110 100 120 130 150
270 410 410 410 410 410
3800
80 100 90 100 90 110 100 120 110 130 120 140
410 410 410 410 410 450
4000
100 110 100 120 110 130 120 140 130 150 150 160
410 410 410 410 430 510
4200
110 130 120 140 130 150 140 160 150 170 170 190
410 410 410 410 490
4400
130 150 140 160 150 170 160 180 180 200
410 410 410 430
4600
150 170 160 180 170 190 180 200
410 430 440
4800
170 190 190 200 200 210
430
5000
200 220
5200
28
(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
300 300 300 300 300 300 300 450
2800
- 20 - 20 10 20 10 30 10 30 20 40 30 50 50 60
300 300 300 300 300 300 450 450
3000
10 30 20 30 20 30 20 40 30 40 30 50 50 70 60 80
300 300 300 300 300 300 450 450
3200
20 40 30 40 30 50 30 50 40 60 50 60 70 80 80 100
300 300 300 300 300 450 450
3400
40 50 40 60 40 60 50 60 60 70 60 80 80 100
300 300 300 300 450 450 450
3600
50 60 50 70 60 70 60 80 70 90 80 100 100 120
300 300 450 450 450 450 510
3800
60 80 70 80 70 90 80 90 90 100 100 110 120 140
300 450 450 450 450 450
4000
80 90 80 100 90 100 90 110 100 120 120 130
450 450 450 450 450 470
4200
90 110 100 120 100 120 110 130 120 140 140 150
450 450 450 450 450 530
4400
110 130 120 130 120 140 130 150 140 160 160 170
450 450 450 450 510 600
4600
130 140 130 150 140 160 150 170 160 180 180 N/A
450 450 450 470 570
4800
140 160 150 170 160 180 170 190 190 200
450 450 490 510
5000
160 180 170 190 180 200 190 210
490 490
5200
180 200 190 210
500
5400
200 220
5600

(mm) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5.0 7.5 10
350 350 350 350 350 350 350 520
3000
- - - - - 10 - 10 - 10 - 20 10 30 20 40
350 350 350 350 350 350 350 520
3200
- 10 - 20 - 20 - 20 10 30 10 30 20 40 40 60
350 350 350 350 350 350 520
3400
- 20 10 30 10 30 10 30 20 40 20 40 40 60
350 350 350 350 350 520 520
3600
10 30 20 40 20 40 20 40 30 50 40 60 50 80
350 350 350 350 520 520 520
3800
30 50 30 50 30 50 40 60 40 70 50 70 70 90
350 350 350 350 520 520 520
4000
40 60 40 60 50 70 50 70 60 80 70 90 90 110
350 350 520 520 520 520
4200
50 70 60 80 60 80 70 90 70 100 80 110
350 520 520 520 520 520
4400
70 90 70 90 80 100 80 100 90 110 100 120
520 520 520 520 520 520
4600
80 100 90 110 90 110 100 120 110 130 120 140
520 520 520 520 520 570
4800
100 120 100 120 110 130 110 140 130 150 140 160
520 520 520 520 560 630
5000
110 130 120 140 120 150 130 150 150 170 160 180
520 520 520 550 600
5200
130 150 140 160 140 170 150 170 170 190
520 530 560 590
5400
150 170 150 180 160 180 170 190
540 570 610
5600
160 190 170 200 180 200
580 620
5800
180 210 190 220
6000
29
7. Construction
7.1 Safety
,93!'(47 $%+ is available in long lengths, so large areas can be quickly
and easily covered to form a safe working platform during construction.
One level of formwork gives immediate protection from the weather,
and safety to people working on the floor below. The minimal propping
requirements provide a relatively open area to the floor below.
It is common sense to work safely, protecting yourself and work mates
FROMACCIDENTSONTHESITE3AFETYINCLUDESTHEPRACTICESYOUUSEASWELL
as personal protection of eyes and skin from sunburn, and hearing from
noise. For personal safety, and to protect the surface finish of ,93!'(4
7 $%+, wear clean dry gloves. Don’t slide sheets over rough surfaces or
over each other. Always carry tools, don’t drag them.
Occupational health and safety laws enforce safe working conditions in
most locations. Local laws may require you to have fall protection which
includes safety mesh, personal harnesses and perimeter guard rails where
they are appropriate. We recommend that you adhere strictly to all laws
that apply to your State.
,93!'(47 $%+ is capable of withstanding temporary construction loads
including the mass of workmen, equipment and materials as specified in
Section 3.0 of this manual. However, it is good construction practice to
ensure protection from concentrated loads, such as barrows, by use of
some means such as planks and/or boards.
7.2 Installation
,93!'(47 $%+ is delivered in strapped bundles. If not required for
immediate use stack sheets or bundles neatly and clear of the ground, on
a slight slope to allow drainage of water. If left in the open, protect with
waterproof covers.
Cover
Cover
Concrete slab
p
LYSAGHT W-DEK
Props where Props where
Bearing of LYSAGHT W-DEK required required
(Not less than 50 mm
at end of sheets) Bearing of LYSAGHT W-DEK
(Not less than 100 mm
where sheeting is
continuous)
Slab span Slab span
Figure 7.1 (Interior span) End span)
Typical layout
30
7.2.1 Propping
It is a common practice to specify unpropped ,93!'(4 7 $%+ formwork,
however, depending on the span of a ,93!'(47 $%+ slab, temporary
propping may be needed between the slab supports to prevent excessive
deflections or collapse of the formwork.
,93!'(47 $%+ formwork is normally placed directly on prepared
propping. Props must stay in place during the laying of ,93!'(47 $%+
formwork, the placement of the concrete, and until the concrete has
reached the strength of 15 MPa.
Propping generally consists of substantial timber or steel bearers
supported by vertical props. The bearers must be continuous across the full
width of LYSAGHT W-DEK formwork.
Propping must be adequate to support construction loads and the mass of
wet concrete. Maximum propped and unpropped spans are given in
Section 3.3.
7.2.2 Laying
,93!'(47 $%+ must be laid with the sheeting ribs aligned in the
direction of the designed spans. Other details include the following:
s 4 HESLABSUPPORTSMUSTBEPREPAREDFORBEARINGASREQUIRED
s , AY,93!'(47 $%+ sheets continuously over each slab span
without any intermediate splicing or jointing.
s , AY,93!'(47 $%+ sheets end to end. Centralise the joint at the
slab supports. Where jointing material is required the sheets may be
butted against the jointing material.
s 3 UPPORT,93!'(47 $%+ sheets across their full width at the slab
support lines and at the propping support lines.
s & ORTHESUPPORTSTOCARRYTHEWETCONCRETEANDCONSTRUCTIONLOADS
the minimum bearing is 50 mm for ends of ,93!'(47 $%+ sheets,
and 100 mm for intermediate supports over which the sheeting is
continuous.
s &IXTOEVERYSUPPORTTEMPORARYANDPERMANENTENDANDINTERNAL
7.2.3 Interlocking the Sheets
Overlapping ribs of,93!'(47 $%+ sheeting are interlocked.
Place the female lap rib overlapping the male lap rib of the first sheet at
an approximately 45º angle to the one previously laid, and then simply
lower it down, through an arc (see Figure 7.2) until the laps engage.
If sheets don’t interlock neatly (perhaps due to some damage or distortion
from site handling or construction practices) use screws to pull the laps
together tightly (see Section 7.2.6, Fastening side-lap joints).
Position LYSAGHT W-DEK sheet at a

45º angle. Interlock sheets by lowering
female lap of sheet over male lap
through an arc.
Figure 7.2
Method of interlocking adjacent ,93!'(47 $%+ sheets
31
7.2.4 Securing the Platform
Once laid,,93!'(47 $%+ provides a stable working platform. ,93!'(4
7 $%+shall be fixed to supporting structure at all permanent and temporary
supports with screws or nails or equivalent.
Where additional security is needed you can use:
s WEIGHTS
s SCREWSORNAILSINTOTHEPROPPINGBEARERS
Take care if you use penetrating fasteners (such as screws and nails)
because they can make removal of the props difficult, and perhaps result in
damage to the ,93!'(47 $%+
7.2.5 Installing LYSAGHT W-DEK on Steel Frames
,93!'(47 $%+ may be installed directly on erected structural steel works.
General fastening of LYSAGHTW-DEK
The sheeting shall be fixed to the structural steel using spot welds, or
fasteners such as self-drilling screws or equivalent.
Place the fixings (fasteners and spot welds) in the flat areas of the pans
adjacent to the ribs or between the flutes. The frequency of fixings depends
on wind or seismic conditions and good building practice. However at least
one fastener per pan shall be provided at all supports.
Use one of the fixing systems as appropriate.
s &IX,93!'(47 $%+ with self-drilling screws or spot welds or
equivalent.
s & ORSTRUCTURALSTEELUPTOMMTHICKUSE XMMSELF DRILLING
hexagon head screws or equivalent.
s &ORSTRUCTURALSTEELOVERMMTHICKPRE DRILLANDUSE XMM
hexagon head screws or equivalent.
s 3POTWELDSSHOULDBEMMMINIMUMDIAMETER3URFACESTOBE
welded must be free of loose material and foreign matter. Where
the LYSAGHT W-DEK soffit or the structural steel works has a pre-
painted surface, securing methods other than welding may be more
appropriate. Take suitable safety precautions against fumes during
welding zinc coated products. 10-24x16mm hex. head
self-drilling screw, midway
Fastening composite beams between embossments.
Stud welding through the sheet has been considered a suitable securing
METHODFORTHESHEETINGINACOMPOSITEBEAMHOWEVERSOMEPRELIMINARY
fixing by one of the methods mentioned above is necessary to secure the
sheeting prior to the stud welding. Some relevant welding requirements are:
s ATINGSURFACESOFSTEELBEAMANDSHEETINGTOBECLEANEDOF
- Figure 7.4
scale, rust, moisture, paint, over spray, primer, sand, mud or other Fixing at a side lap
contamination that would prevent direct contact between the parent
material and the,93!'(47 $%+
s 7ELDINGMUSTBEDONEINDRYCONDITIONSBYACERTIFIEDWELDER
s &ORPRE PAINTED,93!'(47 $%+ sheets, special welding procedures
MAYBENECESSARYAND
s &ORSHEETSTRANSVERSETOBEAMS3TUDWELDINGMUSTBEWITHINTHEPAN
Fixing at sheeting supports
Figure 7.3
Positions for fixing ,93!'(47 $%+ to steel framing
32
7.2.6 Fastening Side lap joints
If ,93!'(47 $%+sheeting has been distorted in transport, storage or
erection, side-lap joints may need fastening to maintain a stable platform
during construction, to minimise concrete seepage during pouring, and to
gain a good visual quality for exposed soffits (Figure 7.4).
7.2.7 Fitting accessories for EDGE FORM
EDGE FORM is a simple C-shaped section that simplifies the installation of
most ,93!'(47 $%+ slabs. It is easily fastened to the ,93!'(47 $%+
sheeting, neatly retaining the concrete and providing a smooth top edge for
quick and accurate screeding. We make it to suit any slab thickness.
EDGE FORM is easily spliced and bent to form internal and external corners
of any angle and must be fitted and fully fastened as the sheets are
installed. There are various methods of forming corners and splices. Some
of these methods are shown in Figures 7.5 and 7.6.
Fasten EDGE FORM to the underside of unsupported ,93!'(47 $%+
panels every 350mm. The top flange of EDGE FORM must be tied to the
ribs every 700mm with hoop iron 25mm x 1.0mm (Figures-7.7). Use 10–16
x 16mm self-drilling screws.
Fastening bottom flange of EDGE FORM

LYSAGHT W-DEK
EDGE FORM
Fastening positions
Fasten EDGE FORM to the underside

of unsupported LYSAGHT W-DEK at
350 mm maximum centres.
Fastening top flange of EDGE FORM

EDGE FORM EDGE FORM
Hoop iron Hoop iron

LYSAGHT W-DEK
Tie top flange of EDGE FORM,

to LYSAGHT W-DEK ribs, with hoop iron,
every 700 mm maximum.
Figure 7.5
Typical fastening of EDGE FORM to ,93!'(47 $%+
33
External corner
1. Notch top flange

for the required angle
3. Bend corner of EDGE FORM

2. Cut 'V' to the required angle,
in bottom flange overlapping bottom flanges.
Internal corner
2. Bend EDGE FORM 3. Fasten top flange,
to required angle. each side of corner,
to LYSAGHT W-DEK
1. Cut top and bottom rib, 100mm maximum
flanges square. from corner.
Splicing two pieces
1. Cut-back top and bottom flanges of one

EDGE FORM section approximately 200mm.
Figure 7.6
2. Cut slight taper on web. Fabrication of formwork is easy with
3. Slide inside adjoining EDGE FORM, and fasten %$'%&/2-
webs with at least 2 screws
Brackets from hoop iron
EDGE FORM
A galvanised section that creates a permanent
formwork at the slab edges—cut, mitred and
screwed on site. Stock length: 6100 mm
Figure 7.7
Fabrication accessories for %$'%&/2-
7.2.8 Sealing
Seepage of water or fine concrete slurry can be minimised by following
common construction practices. Generally gaps are sealed with waterproof
tape or by sandwiching contraction joint material between the abutting
ends of ,93!'(47 $%+ sheet. If there is a sizeable gap you may have to
support the waterproof tape. (Figure 7.8).
Figure 7.8
Use waterproof tape to seal joints in ,93!'(47 $%+ sheets and end capping to seal ends
34
7.2.9 Items Embedded in Slabs
Included are pipes and conduits, sleeves, inserts, holding-down bolts,
chairs and other supports, plastic strips for plasterboard attachment,
contraction joint material and many more.
Location of items within the slab (Figure 7.9)
Minimise the quantity and size of holes through ,93!'(47 $%+ sheeting,
by hanging services from the underside of ,93!'(47 $%+.
Top-face reinforcement
Zone for pipes laid across the ribs
Bottom-face reinforcement (between top and bottom reinforcement)
Concrete
LYSAGHT W-DEK
Figure 7.9 Zones for pipes and other items
Zones for location of items embedded in slabs laid parallel with the ribs
7.2.10 Holes
,93!'(47 $%+ acts as longitudinal tensile reinforcement similarly
to conventional bar or fabric reinforcement does in concrete slabs.
Consequently, holes in ,93!'(47 $%+ sheets, to accommodate pipes
and ducts, reduce the effective area of the steel sheeting and can
adversely effect the performance of a slab.
Some guidelines for holes are (Figure 7.10):
s 0LACEHOLESWITHINTHEPANOFANYSHEETWITHAMINIMUMEDGE
distance of 15 mm from the rib gap.
s (OLESSHOULDBEROUNDWITHAMAXIMUMDIAMETEROFMM
s &ORSLABSDESIGNEDASACONTINUOUSSLABSPACEHOLESFROMANINTERIOR
support of the slab less than one tenth of a clear span.
Minimum Minimum
0.1 Ln 0.1 Ln
Zone for holes through Zone for holes
sheet in central pan in continuous slabs
Max. diameter 110 mm
15 mm
minimum Interior supports
Location of holes in sheet Ln
Figure 7.10 Location of holes relative to

Zones for location of holes through ,93!'(4 7 $%+. supports in continuous slabs
35
7.2.11 Inspection
We recommend regular qualified inspection during the installation, to be
sure that the sheeting is installed in accordance with this publication and
good building practice.
7.2.12 Cutting
It is easy to cut ,93!'(47 $%+ sheets to fit. Use a power saw fitted
with an abrasive disc or metal cutting blade. Initially lay the sheet with its
ribs down, cut through the pans and part-through the ribs, then turn over
and finish by cutting the tops of the ribs.
7.3 Reinforcement
,93!'(47 $%+ sheeting acts as longitudinal tensile reinforcement.
The condition of sheeting should be inspected before concrete is poured.
Reinforcement in slabs carries and distributes the design loads and
controls cracking. Reinforcement is generally described as transverse
and longitudinal in relation to span, but other reinforcement required for
trimming may be positioned in other orientations. Figure 7.11 shows a
typical cross-section of a ,93!'(47 $%+ composite slab and associated
terms.
Reinforcement must be properly positioned, lapped where necessary to
ensure continuity, and tied to prevent displacement during construction.
Fixing of reinforcement shall be in accordance with AS 3600 - 2001
Clause 19.2.5.
To ensure the specified minimum concrete cover, the uppermost layer of
reinforcement must be positioned and tied to prevent displacement during
construction.
Where fabric is used in thin slabs, or where fabric is used to act as both
longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, pay particular attention to the
required minimum concrete cover and the required design reinforcement
depth at the splices—splice bars are a prudent addition.
Always place chairs and spacers on pan areas. Depending upon the type
of chair and its loading, it may be necessary to use plates under chairs
to protect the ,93!'(47 $%+, particularly where the soffit will be
exposed. Transverse reinforcement may be used for spacing or supporting
longitudinal reinforcement.
Bar
reinforcement
Concrete Transverse
cover wires of mesh
composite
Depth of
slab
Mesh
LYSAGHT W-DEK reinforcement
sheeting (fabric)
Figure 7.11
Typical cross-section of a slab showing common terms
For fire reinforcement requirements, see Figure 5.2.
7.3.1 Transverse Reinforcement

Transverse reinforcement is placed at right-angles to the ribs of ,93!'(4
7 $%+. Deformed bar or fabric reinforcement may be used. In most
applications the transverse reinforcement is for the control of cracks
caused by shrinkage and temperature effects, and for locating longitudinal
reinforcement
To control flexural cracking in the top face of the slab, transverse
reinforcement in the top-face may be required over walls or beams which
run in the same direction as the ,93!'(47 $%+ sheets.
For ease of construction, reinforcement for control of cracking due to
shrinkage and temperature is usually fabric reinforcement.
36
7.3.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement
Longitudinal reinforcement is positioned to carry design loads in the
same direction as the ribs of ,93!'(47 $%+. Deformed bar or fabric
reinforcement may be used.
Top-face longitudinal reinforcement is usually located over interior supports
of the slab and extends into approximately a third of the adjoining spans.
Bottom-face longitudinal reinforcement is located between supports of
the slab but, depending upon the detailing over the interior supports, it
may be continuous, lapped, or discontinuous. Bottom-face longitudinal
reinforcement may be placed on top of or below transverse reinforcement.
Location of top and bottom-face longitudinal reinforcement in elevated
temperatures requires special design. (Figure-5.2)
7.3.3 Trimmers
Trimmers are used to distribute the design loads to the structural portion of
the slab and/or to control cracking of the concrete at penetrations, fittings
and re-entrant corners. Deformed bar or fabric reinforcement may be used.
Trimmers are sometimes laid at angles other than along or across the span,
and generally located between the top and bottom layers of transverse and
longitudinal reinforcement. Trimmers are generally fixed with ties from the
top and bottom layers of reinforcement.
7.4 Concrete
7.4.1 Specification
The concrete is to have the compressive strength as specified in the
project documentation and the materials for the concrete and the concrete
manufacture should conform to AS 3600 - 2001.
7.4.2 Concrete Additives
Admixtures or concrete materials containing calcium chloride or other
chloride salts must not be used. Chemical admixtures including plasticisers
may be used if they comply with AS 3600 - 2001 Clause 19.
7.4.3 Preparation
Before concrete is placed, remove any accumulated debris, grease or
any other substance to ensure a clean bond with the ,93!'(47 $%+
sheeting. Remove ponded rainwater.
7.4.4 Construction Joints
It is accepted building practice to provide construction joints where a
concrete pour is to be stopped. Such discontinuity may occur as a result of
a planned or unplanned termination of a pour. A pour may be terminated
at the end of a day’s work, because of bad weather or equipment failure.
Where unplanned construction joints are made, the design engineer must
approve the position.
In certain applications, the addition of water stops may be required,
such as in roof and balcony slabs where protection from corrosion of
reinforcement and sheeting is necessary.
Construction joints transverse to the span of the ,93!'(47 $%+sheeting
are normally located at the mid-third of a slab span) and ideally over a line
of propping. Locate longitudinal construction joints in the pan (Figure 7.12).
It may be necessary to locate joints at permanent supports where sheeting
terminates. This is necessary to control formwork deflections since
formwork span tables are worked out for UDL loads.
Form construction joints with a vertical face—the easiest technique is to
sandwich a continuous reinforcement between two boards.
37
Prior to recommencement of concreting, the construction joint must be
prepared to receive the new concrete, and the preparation method will
depend upon the age and condition of the old concrete. Generally, thorough
cleaning is required to remove loose material, to roughen the surface and
to expose the course aggregate.
Form boards sandwiching

continuous reinforcement.
Lower board shaped to match Concrete
LYSAGHT W-DEK profile
It may be necessary
to locate joints at LYSAGHT W-DEK
permanent supports Prop
where sheeting
terminates to control
formwork deflections.
Transverse construction joint
Form boards sandwiching

continuous reinforcement.
Concrete
Longitudinal construction joint

Figure 7.12
Typical construction joint
7.4.5 Placing
The requirements for the handling and placing of the concrete are covered
in AS 3600 - 2001 Clause 19.1.3.
The concrete is placed between construction joints in a continuous
operation so that new concrete is placed against plastic concrete to
produce a monolithic mass. If the pouring has to be discontinued for more
than one hour, depending on the temperature, a construction joint may be
required.
Start pouring close to one end and spread concrete uniformly, preferably
over two or more spans. It is good practice to avoid excessive heaping of
concrete and heavy load concentrations. When concrete is transported by
wheel barrows, the use of planks or boards is recommended.
During pouring, the concrete should be thoroughly compacted, worked
around ribs and reinforcement, and into corners of the %$'%&/2-3by using
a vibrating compacter. Ensure that the reinforcement remains correctly
positioned so that the specified minimum concrete cover is achieved.
Unformed concrete surfaces are screeded and finished to achieve the
specified surface texture, cover to reinforcement, depths, falls or other
surface detailing.
Surfaces which will be exposed, such as %$'%&/2-3and exposed
soffits, should be cleaned of concrete spills while still wet, to reduce
subsequent work.
38
7.4.6 Curing
After placement, the concrete is cured by conventional methods, for
example, by keeping the slab moist for at least seven days, by covering the
surface with sand, building paper or polythene sheeting immediately after
it has been moistened with a fine spray of water. Follow good building
practice. Be particularly careful when curing in very hot or very cold
weather.
Until the concrete has cured, it is good practice to avoid concentrated
loads such as barrows and passageways with heavy traffic.
7.4.7 When to Remove Props
Various factors affect the earliest time when the props may be removed
and a slab initially loaded. Methods of calculating times and other guides
are given in AS-3610—1995, Clause 5.4.3
7.5 Finishing
7.5.1 Soffit and EDGE FORM Finishes
For many applications, 7 $%+ gives an attractive appearance to the
underside (or soffit) of a composite slab, and will provide a satisfactory
ceiling — for example, in car parks, under-house storage and garages,
industrial floors and the like. Similarly, %$'%&/2-will give a suitable
edging. Additional finishes take minimal extra effort.
Where the ,93!'(47 $%+ soffit is to be the ceiling, take care during
construction to minimise propping marks (refer to Installation — Propping),
and to provide a uniform surface at the side-laps (refer to Installation —
Fastening Side-lap joints).
Exposed surfaces of ,93!'(47 $%+ soffit and %$'%&/2-may need
cleaning and/or preparation for any following finishes.
7.5.2 Plastering
Finishes such as vermiculite plaster can be applied directly to the
underside of ,93!'(47 $%+ with the open rib providing a positive key.
With some products it may be necessary to treat the galvanised steel
surface with an appropriate bonding agent prior to application.
Plaster-based finishes can be trowelled smooth, or sprayed on to give
a textured surface. They can also be coloured to suit interior design
requirements.
7.5.3 Change of Floor Loadings
Where a building is being refurbished, or there is a change of occupancy
and floor use, you may need to increase the fire resistance of the ,93!'(4
7 $%+ composite slabs. This may be achieved by the addition of a suitable
fire-protection material to the underside of the slabs.
39
7.6 Suspended Ceilings and Services
7.6.1 Plasterboard
A ,93!'(47 $%+ soffit may be covered with plasterboard by fixing to
battens.
Fixing to battens
Steel ceiling battens can be fixed directly to the underside of the slab
using powder-actuated fasteners. The plasterboard is then fixed to ceiling
battens in the usual way (Figure-7.13).
Concrete
Batten
Plaster board
Figure 7.13
Fixing plasterboard to,93!'(47 $%+
7.6.2 Suspended Ceiling

Ceilings are suspended from hangers attached to eyelet pins power driven
into the underside of the slab.
7.6.3 Suspended Services
Services such as fire sprinkler systems, piping and ducting are easily
suspended from,93!'(47 $%+ slabs using traditional installation
methods to support these services.
40
8. Composite Beams
Research by BlueScope Lysaght Technology, University of Sydney and
University of Western Sydney was conducted to determine the design
parameters of composite beams with ,93!'(47 $%+.
Primary and secondary composite beams can be designed in accordance
with AS 2327.1 provided the following design rules are followed:
s0ROVIDE(!5.#(-%3(WELDEDMESHWITH(ANDLEBARS ASREINFORCEMENT
in the haunch in the primary composite beams. Refer to Figure 8.1.
Contact Steel Direct for more information.
s!LTERNATEANDSTAGGEREDPOSITIONFORASINGLESTUDPERPANINTHECASEOF
secondary composite beams) shall be used. Refer to Figure 8.2.
s3TAGGEREDPOSITIONFORPAIRSOFSTUDSPERPANINTHECASEOFSECONDARY
composite beams).
s0RIMARYANDSECONDARYBEAMSAREDESIGNEDASSIMPLYSUPPORTED
s-INIMUMREINFORCEMENTFORSECONDARYBEAMIS3,MESHAND.BARS
at 300mm spacing on tops of ,93!'(47 $%+ ribs.
s%DGEBEAMSSHALLBEDESIGNEDASNON COMPOSITEORTREATEDASINTERNAL
beams provided minimum overhang is 600 mm, alternatively follow
AS2327.1 requirements
s3HEARSTUDCAPACITIESAREDETERMINEDASGIVENIN3ECTIONBELOW
Primary beams can be designed as continuous - prEN1994-1-1 or
BS5950-3.1:1990 should be followed.
8.1 Shear Stud Capacities
120mm long shear studs (115mm after welding) with 19mm nominal shank
diameter shall be used. Capacities of shear studs in primary beams with
single rows of studs (see Figure 8.1) shall be determined without applying
reduction factors. Contact Steel Direct for reinforcement options and
capacity of studs when two rows of studs are necessary and capacity of
shear studs in secondary beams.
41
19mm stud x 115mm high after welding
(may be single studs as shown or
pairs of 60 - 80mm transverse centres)
Slab reinforcement Haunchmesh
Handlebar when necessary
150mm
q7.5mm
q9.5mm
LYSAGHT
W-DEK
240mm
LYSAGHT
HAUNCHMESH - STRAIGHT W-DEK
Supported directly on top of Haunch and studs not necessarily
LYSAGHT W-DEK and placed centred over steel beam (omitted for clarity).
centrally in haunch.
Figure 8.1
Primary beams
Mesh reinforcement or
Bar reinforcement equivalent
Staggered single
shear studs Staggered pairs of studs
Steel beam
Alternate location of single studs
Figure 8.2
Shear stud position in secondary beam (alternate
location - single studs)
42
9. References
s!3.:33TEEL2EINFORCING-ATERIALS
s!3.:3#OLD &ORMED3TEEL3TRUCTURES
s!3.:33UPPLEMENTARY#OLD FORMEDSTEELSTRUCTURES
Commentary
s!3 #OMPOSITE3TRUCTURES0ART3IMPLYSUPPORTEDBEAMS
s!3 #ONCRETESTRUCTURES
s!3 &ORMWORKFORCONCRETE
s"3 0ART$ESIGNINCOMPOSITECONSTRUCTION
Section 3.1 Code of practice for design of simple and continuous
composite beams
s%UROCODE$ESIGNOFCONCRETESTRUCTURES0ART'ENERALRULESANDRULES
for buildings
sPR%. $ESIGNOFCOMPOSITESTEELANDCONCRETESTRUCTURES
Part 1-1 General rules and Rules for buildings
sPR%. $ESIGNOFCOMPOSITESTEELANDCONCRETESTRUCTURES
Part 1-2 General rules – Structural fire design
43
Disclaimer, warranties and limitation of liability
This publication is intended to be an aid for all trades and professionals involved with specifying and
installing LYSAGHT products and not to be a substitute for professional judgement.
Terms and conditions of sale available at local BlueScope Lysaght sales offices.
Except to the extent to which liability may not lawfully be excluded or limited, BlueScope Steel Limited
will not be under or incur any liability to you for any direct or indirect loss or damage (including, without
limitation, consequential loss or damage such as loss of profit or anticipated profit, loss of use, damage
to goodwill and loss due to delay) however caused (including, without limitation, breach of contract,
negligence and/or breach of statute), which you may suffer or incur in connection with this publication.
© Copyright BlueScope Steel Limited 9 March, 2009
Information, brochures and your local distributor
1800 641 417

Please check the latest information which is always available at www.lysaght.com
BLUESCOPE, LYSAGHT, LYSAGHT W-DEK, EDGE FORM, GALVASPAN & ZINCALUME are registered trademarks of BlueScope Steel
Limited, ABN 16 000 011 058. THE LYSAGHT ® range of products is exclusively made by BlueScope Steel Limited trading as
BlueScope Lysaght. Printed by BMP 1M0309

Lysaght W-Dek: Structural Steel Decking System

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LYSAGHT W-DEK ®

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Disclaimer, warranties and limitation of liability

This publication is intended to be an aid for professional engineers and is

© Copyright BlueScope Steel Limited March 10, 2009

1.1 Spanning Capacities

1.2 Composite Action

1.3 Design Efficiency

1.4 Design for Fire

1.5 Quicker Trouble-Free Installation

1.6 Technical Support

Bar reinforcement Mesh

dcb SHEETING tbm (BMT)

2.2 LYSAGHT W-DEK Section Properties

Bearing on LYSAGHT W-DEK

Temporary Interior Temporary

Slab span L Slab span L

Bending moment in positive areas shall not exceed design moment

Shear (web crippling) capacity of end support

(F Vu,sh) = 25 kN/m (0.75 BMT)

(F Vu,sh) = 38 kN/m (1.0 BMT)

3.2.1 Design For Serviceability

Formwork table 1.00 BMT

Formwork table 0.75 BMT

4.5 Design Loads

Pattern loading shall be considered according to AS3600-2001 Clause

4.5.2 Serviceability Load Combinations

Loads for crack control shall be in accordance AS3600-2001 Clause 9.4.1.

4.5.3 Superimposed Dead Load

5.2 Design for Insulation and Integrity

Table 5.1 Minimum overall depth

5.3 Design for Structural Adequacy

Ast, transverse Ast.f– Ast–

Transverse supporting bars

Negative reinforcement A-st may be placed anywhere outside permissible

Single Spans 130 mm slab

Single Spans 135 mm slab

Single Spans 140 mm slab

Single Spans 145 mm slab

Span Characteristic Imposed Load Qk (kPa)

Single Spans 160 mm slab

Single Spans 175 mm slab

Single Spans 200 mm slab

Interior Spans 130 mm slab

Interior Spans 135 mm slab

Interior Spans 145 mm slab

Interior Spans 160 mm slab

Interior Spans 200 mm slab

End Spans 130 mm slab

End Spans 135 mm slab

End Spans 145 mm slab

End Spans 160 mm slab

End Spans 200 mm slab

Position LYSAGHT W-DEK sheet at a

Fixing at sheeting supports

Fastening bottom flange of EDGE FORM

Fasten EDGE FORM to the underside

Fastening top flange of EDGE FORM

Hoop iron Hoop iron

Tie top flange of EDGE FORM,

1. Notch top flange

3. Bend corner of EDGE FORM

Splicing two pieces