VL icsnre i Lis 3.27 ) Hels ales laa z IMPROVEMENT OF SETTLEMENT BEHAVIOUR OF SOFT LAYERS BY MEANS OF STONE COLUMNS W. VAN IMPE, Professor, E. DE BEER, Emeritus Professor, Laboratory of Soil Mechanics, Ghent State University, Ghent, Belgium tn soft cohesive soil, 2 possible method of inproverent of the settlonont behaviour of aoft layers ean consist in the use of stone colums, bearing, together wth tho surrounding soll layer, the upper foundation loads. Because of the dif- ‘Yorence in Fvlative deformation of soft layers and reone colume, rote of the cutwara load ie transferred to those co lume. A staple method for computation of the tnproving effect of the deformation betaviour of the soft sci} Que to the stone colume, i= propored: riage DETRAS \ —————— rwreooucros SS Soe ieia ice caeceeet oenton amr © |*ta5 or the estinstion of the doprovenont of settlonet be- Spec {7 unger the foundation Toss, the colums are at the = (1-0.)6} Vine of equtlibrion ana Gefore at constant volume + forming elastically. COFPUTATION IN THE FENTIONED FIRST CASE In order to solve the problen in a simple way t 7 She stone colume here are Te Hons by atone uate with 0 = diareter of the stone colom: coin are neglactes, 2y he oan wean oF the so4t on columns also 18 Figure 2 3093.27 Deformation of tne soft: layer HF E + nodulus of elosticity of the soft lover fone git, dn the simplified condition of plone strain : yw. o spd. top w wien oy ond of» the effective strusses in the sft Layee. The vertseat aqutltoeiun condition Xf p, ropresents the span unit load transferred to the solt (Byer e suffictently Large orea with respect to Entohnese of the soft layer]. represents the horizon” tal core ta core distance of ‘the atone wails (Ftp. 1). 0) 4 2 the effective vertical stress in the ston eYsl ond U represents the distance betwoen the loverel foces oF adjoining stone walls (Fig. trand 2), one gets © PyrP ele 2adeat el -Zadeoh 6) Condttion of Linge equtltbriun of the stone volt natertsl TF 94 45 the engle of shoaring resistance of the stone vwott mleortal ana nogiecting 183 cohesion ey (Pigs 3) ty sh © with of, ,/+ the horizontal affective stress tn the 1" ateral contact: face wall-sove layers “9 a Tine ceconeterendulus Ea oF the soft layer can be de- From endonetertesti°f the velue E of the modulus (OF elasticity ts cotemtned by the reletionsnio (8) * ce eete ag ie resistant ye” Figure 3 310 igs Pe 01 thee onen Feo mora bee an 14 the wnt of as Xp ys and Pate hn, the horizontal relative deformation £8 can be calculates From the equation (41). rolly are deduces. colums. the felloving paramoters are defined oenett ca met Gee yee os + e 8 Ty age Oye be? oo Ine favourable soFiuence on the stone columns on the vertical settlements is oeseribes by m and 8, each af then cepending enly a0 the four mentioned dinensioniess Tn Figure é4, the cslattonship betusen mand a 2 given for eifferent valuss of ¢, and for chosen values of the Po 0.05 er 0.01 and» * In the Figure 45, ene B-velueg as a function of a are nd y and for ostfe tlven for sone constnation oF i nintibeticcolah T 0810 a. Bot Zab Figure 4a 311 3.27 For the second case, with assurption of a perfect elas- tie behaviour of the stone colum saterialy the modulus fof elasticity €, and the Poissons ra lin the esse of plane strain conditions: af the equive™ lent stone wall, ena consigersng a oerfect elastic Beha lowes hich sherefore sapoues loading conastions Far be expressed by (Figs 20° ere sr an (i for tn sotttayer + aot i) am a, Ev tap “1 (er3.27 eH tog ES ogy ME HE tgp Mt gs «s) These expressions (18) and (19) together with the outa 1ugtiun concition (5) and naghecting in egvetion (3) Se ‘itn respect 10 d and\L. allow the determination of 24,4" 8 Bey neeoee for the caleutation af the set tio- rents from the expressions (17). ore only valid’ 9s long 2s orvover, numerical applications af the second cose solution sow thet the assumption of Linear a fomation behaviour of the stone colum materia be realistic tf e'> 817+ Such dere Ay not met in atone colum practien, Therefore the second way OF eoneutating the Smprovement gf sort layer seformation behaviour due fo the shone mee Aun. can ganerelly be omitted, MERIAL APPLICATION HY pg = 150 m/e ts the mean unit foundetion load over oie orga at foundation level. Fors soil having 3 Mat ond y= 173, 0 atone column with O'S 7 1,50.m, B'= 2.00 m and initial height of Hs $00 m fand stone ratartel with ¢, = 45° end cy Gs ona gate © ae m2 s2 20. el ooze, or ir BREE 150 + 399 awn? ea BE * sna Fy 7 mPegy + 06582» a.bup, = 206,4 w Bs oes ° sy O55 oa 5) 70455 . 0.070 «0,095 » 312 1. 28. of about 1 «286-8» 2.25 tines the inte volue 9, over tha araa of the colum section, is trans ferred °to the mentioned stone’ calm presence of stone columns can be made ty consivering int Stone colums to deform, at their Lintt of oquriicckunn {t constant volume. The only paronsters £0 ba kaows are Ateoster, the angle oF shearing strength of the stone ‘Ihe inorovenant parameters sre dediced from the ot ‘trons sintlor to those of Fig. fo and ‘The rentionad computation ‘athod hae been epplied in sora foundation protluns of 1arge storage tanks on sor soil improved with stone columns, Maesurenent of the Settionents proved the indicated computation nettos to be very relsapies SEFERENCES D BALAK, MPa. BOOKER, JAR. Analysts of rigid rofts supported by granular piles. Internet ional lourset for Nunerscal and Analytical Pathos tn Gnowsehontc Wol.'3, 1361, 9 378-403, (2) BAUR, Voy" OHER, AEA.» The performance of foun ations on various soils stebtltzes by ene ware, conection mithod. Canadian Geotechaicel Joon, Vole 11,1978, p $03.53 (2) OF BEER, c., Gam TIPE, W.. Cursus Fundertngatectnéshen Geel F ¢ Uitvoeringsnathacen on een werk op caine sraoghrachtige lagen aon te leggeny 1360, 50) 2 (onosat ised) (2) HOES, S.R.0., MITHERS. W.3., GREENWOOD, OLA, A golum Sn soll. Geotechnique, Vole MK, 1975, 6 (2) PRIEBE, Wa, Aschitzung des Schorwiderstondés eines ~ Guen Seopfverctentung veroesserten Beugrorsaa, Sie Bautecrnth, 8, 1978, p 201-268.~DISTANCIA ENTREE COL UAWAS~PASO DE PALCA TRIANGULAR A CuaOrAN GuLare wees ibis AT Sunni cate lo} a f Yee eo oie Ahora cole Rent Drcwaks D z s © Q ae re Pea ah 2 (28 fe Vas 8 ee 5 4b be alow i” To) awh a- &ke’ = ofec Ex fe ops hk nto egenvelink ep 1209S wes my pe en Be oped 2 Riise “dibesue tbe #oariKe = dys ab