Old Testament Hebrew Vocabulary

Jonathan T. Pennington

Old Testament Hebrew Vocabulary has been developed to help students

learn and review biblical Hebrew vocabulary. While there are other tools
available, this project is unique because it combines the printed word
with the spoken word. This enables the student to engage the material in
a more effective way, through multisensory learning.
Many students who come to biblical Hebrew will have also learned some
Koine Greek. In both instances, the hard work of vocabulary learning is
essential for efficient reading and use of the biblical texts. In the case of
Greek, many words have recognizable cognates in English. With Hebrew,
however, this is less often the case. Therefore, a ready knowledge of Hebrew
vocabulary is all the more important to effectively read and study the
Hebrew Bible.
In the introduction to my New Testament Greek Vocabulary (Zondervan,
2001), I offered a few tips for maximizing the time spent in vocabulary
study:
™ Use all the senses. Our retention of information grows exponentially
when we use all of our senses. Using this program to hear and
pronounce the words is another way to greatly increase learning.
The student will do well to also write out the words he or she is
trying to learn.
™ Repetition. Repetition. Repetition. When learning a musical
instrument, it is far superior to play one’s scales for fifteen minutes

3
 a day than to play for three hours on Saturday. So it is with vocabulary.
Using this booklet and the audio program regularly – even five
minutes per day – will eventually make these words second nature.
™ Be consistent. In learning a new word, be careful to always pronounce
the sounds correctly and to emphasize the correct syllable.
Consistency here will save you much time and effort.
Using This Program
Old Testament Hebrew Vocabulary consists of all the words that occur in the
Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible twenty times or more. Also included
are proper names that occur one hundred times or more. All the words
are broken into groups by frequency, or how often they appear in the text.
Within each group the words are alphabetized in Hebrew order.
This arrangement is designed to facilitate the “word frequency count”
method of learning. This is a logical and efficient way to learn vocabulary,
as more common words are learned before less common ones. This audio
program serves the needs of both first- and second-year students, as well
as anyone desiring to review and maintain their vocabulary.
It is important to note that the glosses (definitions) given for each Hebrew
word are not the only possible translations. Words are delightfully flexible,
especially across time and genre. The glosses given here are meant as the
"first-try" in translating and will generally give the student a good working
definition. For more options and more detailed study, one should always
consult a standard lexicon. The glosses used here are based in the first
instance on the lexical work of Miles Van Pelt and Gary Pratico in their
Vocabulary Guide for Biblical Hebrew (Zondervan, 2003), though they will
vary at times and will often be condensed.

4
Acknowledgments
This project came into being at the initiative of my editor, Verlyn Verbrugge.
It has been a great pleasure to work with Verlyn on several projects over
the last couple of years. I am thankful for his expertise, efficiency, and
kindness.
Also, great thanks go to recording engineer, Jeff Bowden. Jeff’s talents in
the recording booth and his enthusiasm for the projects are greatly
appreciated.
I would be remiss not to acknowledge that the bulk of the preparatory
work for this project was done through the skill and diligence of Miles
Van Pelt. I gladly acknowledge his greater knowledge of Hebrew than
mine and appreciate his labors through many editorial revisions and hours
of recording! Any errors remain mine.
About the Author
Jonathan T. Pennington is a Ph.D. student in New Testament Studies at
the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. For five years he served as Associate
Pastor at the Evangelical Free Church of Mt. Morris, Illinois. He attended
Trinity Evangelical Divinity School and was for two years a NT Teaching
Fellow. He is the author of New Testament Greek Vocabulary (Zondervan,
2001), Readings in the Greek New Testament (Zondervan, 2003), and co-author
of The Elements of NT Greek with CD’s and Syntax Lists with J. W. Wenham
and Norman H. Young (Cambridge University Press, 2001).

5
 Old Testament Hebrew Vocabulary Words
Words that occur more ּ‫הַב‬ the
than 1,000 times
(Disk 1, Track 3)
‫הוּא‬ (3ms) he, it; (ms) that
‫הָיָה‬ to be, become
‫אָב‬ father, ancestor
‫הָלְַך‬ to go, walk
‫אִישׁ‬ man, husband
‫הִנֵּה‬ behold, look
–‫אֶל‬ to, toward, into
ְ‫ו‬ and, but, also
‫אֱֹלהִים‬ God, gods
‫זֶה‬ (ms) this
‫אִם‬ if
‫יָד‬ hand
‫אָמַר‬ to say
‫יהוה‬ Yahweh, LORD
‫ֶֶרץ‬.‫א‬ land, earth, ground
‫יוֹם‬ day
‫אֲשֶׁר‬ who, that, which
‫יָצָא‬ to go (come) out, go
‫אֵת‬ (object marker) not (come) forth
translated
‫יִשְָׂראֵל‬ Israel
‫ְבּ‬ in, against
‫יָשַׁב‬ to sit, dwell
‫בּוֹא‬ to go in, enter
ְ‫כּ‬ as, like, according to
‫יִת‬.ַ‫בּ‬ house, household
‫כִּי‬ that, because
‫בֵּן‬ son
‫כֹּל‬ all, each, every
‫ָדּבַר‬ to speak
ְ‫ל‬ to, toward, for
‫ָדּבָר‬ word, matter, thing
‫ֹלא‬ no, not
‫ָדּוִד‬ David
‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫מ‬ king, ruler

6
 ‫מִן‬ from, out of ‫אָכַל‬ to eat, consume
‫נָתַן‬ to give ‫אַל‬ no, not
‫עַד‬ until, as far as, during ‫אֵלֶּה‬ (cp) these
‫עִיר‬ city, town ‫אֲנִי‬ (1cs) I
‫עַל‬ on, upon, on account of, ‫אִשָּׁה‬ woman, wife
according to ‫אֵת‬ with, beside
‫עַם‬ people ‫אַתָּה‬ (2ms) you
‫עִם‬ with, together with ‫בַּת‬ daughter
‫עָשָׂה‬ to do, make ‫גָּדוֹל‬ great, big, large
‫פָּנִים‬ face, front; ‫ לִפְנֵי‬before, in ‫גּוֹי‬ nation, people
front of
‫גַּם‬ also, even
‫ָראָה‬ to see; (Ni) appear
‫ֶֶרְך‬. ‫דּ‬ way, road
‫שׁוּב‬ to turn, return
ֲ‫ה‬ (interrog particle) prefixed
‫שָׁמַע‬ to hear, listen, obey to the first word of a
Words that occur 1000–500 times question
(Disk 1, Track 4) ‫הֵם‬ (3mp) they; (mp) that
‫אָדוֹן‬ lord, master; ‫ אֲֹדנָי‬Lord ‫הַר‬ mountain, hill
‫אָָדם‬ man, mankind ‫זֹאת‬ (fs) this
‫אָח‬ brother ‫חָמֵשׁ‬ five; (mp) ‫ חֲמִשִּׁים‬fifty
‫אַחֲֵרי‬ after, behind ‫טוֹב‬ good, pleasant
‫אֶחָד‬ one ‫יַָדע‬ to know
‫ַיִן‬.‫א‬ is not, are not ‫יְהוָּדה‬ Judah

7
 ‫כֹּה‬ thus, here ‫ָקָרא‬ to call, summon
‫כֹּהֵן‬ priest ‫ֹראשׁ‬ head, top, chief
‫כֵּן‬ so, thus ‫שִׂים‬ to set (up), put, place
‫לֵב‬ heart, mind, will ‫שֵׁם‬ name, reputation
‫לַָקח‬ to take, grasp, seize ‫שָׁם‬ there, then, at that time
‫מֵאָה‬ hundred ‫שָׁלַח‬ to send, stretch out
‫מָה‬ what? ‫שָׁלשׁ‬ three; ‫ שְׁלשִׁים‬thirty
‫מוּת‬ to die ‫שָׁנָה‬ year
‫ַיִם‬.‫מ‬ water ‫שְׁנַ>יִם‬ two
‫יִם‬.‫מִצְַר‬ Egypt ‫חַת‬.ַ‫תּ‬ under, below, instead of
‫מֹשֶׁה‬ Moses Words that occur 499–350 times
‫נָכָה‬ to strike, beat (Disk 1, Track 5)
‫נֶ>פֶשׁ‬ soul, life ‫לֶף‬.ֶ‫א‬ thousand
‫נָשָׂא‬ to lift, carry, raise ‫אָנֹכִי‬ (1cs) I, myself
‫ בֶד‬.ֶ‫ע‬ slave, servant ‫אְַרבַּע‬ four; (mp) ‫ אְַרבָּעִים‬forty
‫עָבַר‬ to pass over, pass through, ‫אֵשׁ‬ fire
pass by
‫בֵּין‬ between
‫יִן‬.ַ‫ע‬ eye, spring
‫בָּנָה‬ to build
‫עָלָה‬ to go up, ascend
‫ָדּם‬ blood
‫עָמַד‬ to stand, take one’s stand
‫הִיא‬ (3fs) she, it; (fs) that
‫קוֹל‬ voice, sound
‫זָהָב‬ gold
‫קוּם‬ to rise, arise
‫ֶרב‬.ֶ‫ח‬ sword

8
 ‫יָלַד‬ to bear (children), give ‫צָוָה‬ to command, order
birth, beget ‫ֶדשׁ‬.‫ֹק‬ holiness, something that is
‫יָם‬ sea holy
‫יַָרד‬ to go down, come down ‫ַרב‬ great, many
‫סֶף‬.ֶ‫כּ‬ silver, money ‫רוּ ַח‬ spirit, wind, breath
‫לֵוִי‬ Levi, Levite ‫ָרעָה‬ evil, wickedness
ַ‫מִזְבֵּח‬ altar ‫שַׂר‬ chief official, ruler, prince
‫מִי‬ who? ‫שָׁאוּל‬ Saul
‫מָלְַך‬ to reign, be king or queen ‫בַע‬.ֶ‫שׁ‬ seven; (mp) ‫שִׁבְעִים‬
‫מָצָא‬ to find seventy
‫מָקוֹם‬ place, location ‫יִם‬.ַ‫שָׁמ‬ heaven, sky
‫מִשְׁפָּט‬ judgment, law, custom ‫שָׁמַר‬ to watch, guard, keep
‫נָא‬ please, now, surely ‫עַר‬.ַ‫שׁ‬ gate
‫נְאֻם‬ utterance, announcement Words that occur 349–250 times
‫נָגַד‬ to tell, report, declare (Disk 1, Track 6)

‫נָפַל‬ to fall ‫בֶן‬.‫ֶא‬ stone

‫עוֹד‬ again, still, as long as ‫הֶל‬.ֹ‫א‬ tent
‫עוֹלָם‬ forever, everlasting ‫אַהֲֹרן‬ Aaron
‫שֶׂר‬.ֶ‫ע‬ ten; (mp) ‫ עֶשְִׂרים‬twenty ‫אוֹ‬ or
‫עַתָּה‬ now ‫אֹיֵב‬ enemy
‫פֶּה‬ mouth, opening ‫אַף‬ nostril, nose;
‫צָבָא‬ host, army (metaphorically) anger

9
 ‫אַתֶּם‬ (2mp) you ‫מַטֶּה‬ (ms) staff, rod, tribe
‫בָּבֶל‬ Babylon ‫מָלֵא‬ to be full, fill
‫בְִּרית‬ covenant ‫מִלְחָמָה‬ war, battle
‫בַָּרְך‬ to bless ‫מִשְׁפָּחָה‬ family, clan
‫בָּשָׂר‬ flesh ‫נָבִיא‬ prophet
‫בְּתוְֹך‬ in the midst (middle) of ‫סָבִיב‬ around, about; (n)
‫גְּבוּל‬ border, boundary, surroundings
territory ‫סוּר‬ to turn aside, leave
‫ֶדשׁ‬.ֹ‫ח‬ month, new moon ‫עָבַד‬ to work, serve
‫חָזַק‬ to be strong; (Hi) seize, ‫עֹלָה‬ whole burnt offering
grasp ‫עָנָה‬ to answer, testify
‫חַטָּאת‬ sin, sin offering ‫עֵץ‬ tree, wood
‫חַי‬ living, alive ‫עָשָׂר‬ ten
‫חָיָה‬ to live, be alive ‫עֵת‬ time, point of time
‫יַעֲֹקב‬ Jacob ‫פְּלִשְׁתִּי‬ Philistine
‫יֵָרא‬ to fear, be afraid ‫פַָּקד‬ to attend, pay attention to,
‫כְּלִי‬ vessel, implement number, appoint
‫כַָּרת‬ to cut off, make a covenant ‫צֹאן‬ flock, sheep and goats
(with ‫)בְִּרית‬ ‫ָקַרב‬ to approach, draw near
‫חֶם‬.ֶ‫ל‬ bread, food ‫גֶל‬.‫ֶר‬ foot
‫לְמַעַן‬ on account of, for the sake of ‫ַרע‬ bad, evil
‫מְאֹד‬ very, exceedingly ‫ָרשָׁע‬ wicked, guilty
‫מְִדבָּר‬ wilderness, desert, pasture
10
 ‫שֶָׂדה‬ field, pasture ַ‫יְהוֹשֻׁע‬ Joshua
‫שְֹׁלמֹה‬ Solomon ‫יוֹסֵף‬ Joseph
‫שֵׁשׁ‬ six; (mp) ‫ שִׁשִּׁים‬sixty ‫יָסַף‬ to add, continue
Words that occur 249–200 times ‫יַָרשׁ‬ to inherit, take possession
(Disk 1, Track 7) of, dispossess

‫אֲָדמָה‬ ground, land, earth

‫יָשַׁע‬ to be delivered, be rescued

‫אָהַב‬ to love
‫כָּבוֹד‬ glory, splendor, honor

‫אֵל‬ God, god

‫כּוּן‬ to be established, stand
firm
‫אֵם‬ mother ‫כָּלָה‬ to complete, be finished,
‫אַמָּה‬ cubit, forearm come to an end
‫אָסַף‬ to gather, assemble ‫כָּתַב‬ to write
‫אֲרוֹן‬ ark, chest ‫ יְלָה‬.ַ‫ל‬ night
‫ֶ גֶד‬.‫בּ‬ clothes, garment ‫מוֹעֵד‬ appointed time, meeting
‫ֶֹקר‬.‫בּ‬ morning place
‫בַָּקשׁ‬ to seek ‫מַחֲנֶה‬ camp, army
‫זָכַר‬ to remember ‫מַלְאְָך‬ messenger, angel
‫זֶ>ַרע‬ seed, offspring, ‫מִנְחָה‬ gift, offering
descendants ‫מַעֲשֶׂה‬ work, deed, act
‫חָטָא‬ to miss a goal or mark, sin ‫נַחֲלָה‬ inheritance, property,
‫ַיִל‬.‫ח‬ strength, wealth, army possession
‫סֶד‬.ֶ‫ח‬ loyalty, faithfulness, ‫נָטָה‬ to spread out, stretch out,
steadfast love extend

11
 ‫נַ>עַר‬ boy, youth, servant ‫אְַך‬ only, surely
‫נָצַל‬ to be rescued, be delivered ‫יִם‬.‫אֶפְַר‬ Ephraim
‫עָוֹן‬ transgression, iniquity ‫בְּהֵמָה‬ animals, beasts, cattle
‫עָזַב‬ to leave, forsake, abandon ‫בָּחַר‬ to choose
‫צִַדּיק‬ righteous, just ‫בִּין‬ to understand, perceive
‫ֶרב‬.‫ֶק‬ inner parts; ‫ֶרב‬.‫ בְֶּק‬in the ‫בִּנְיָמִן‬ Benjamin
middle of, among ‫עַל‬.ַ‫בּ‬ owner, master, husband,
‫ָרבָה‬ to be numerous, be great, (title) Baal
increase ‫בָָּקר‬ cattle, herd
‫שָׁכַב‬ to lie down, have sexual ‫גִּבּוֹר‬ mighty, valiant
intercourse
‫גָּלָה‬ to uncover, reveal; take
‫שָׁלוֹם‬ peace, welfare, wholeness into exile
‫שָׁפַט‬ to judge ‫דּוֹר‬ generation
‫שָׁתָה‬ to drink ‫ָדַּרשׁ‬ to seek, inquire
‫תּוָֹרה‬ law, instruction, teaching ‫הַָרג‬ to kill, slay
Words that occur 199–160 times ‫זֶ>בַח‬ sacrifice
(Disk 1, Track 8) ‫זֵָקן‬ old, elder
‫אַבְָרהָם‬ Abraham ‫חָוָה‬ to bow down, worship
‫אָבַד‬ to perish; (Hi) exterminate ‫חוּץ‬ outside, street
‫זֶן‬.ֹ‫א‬ ear ‫חָצֵר‬ courtyard, village,
‫אַחֵר‬ other, another settlement
‫ַיִל‬.‫א‬ ram ‫טָמֵא‬ to be unclean
‫יָכֹל‬ to be able

12
 ‫יְַרֵדּן‬ Jordan ‫שָׁבַע‬ to swear, take an oath
‫לְבַד‬ alone ‫מֶן‬.‫ֶשׁ‬ oil, fat
‫לָחַם‬ to fight, do battle with Words that occur 159–135 times
‫לָמָּה‬ why? (Disk 1, Track 9)
‫מוֹאָב‬ Moab ‫אָז‬ then, since, before
‫מְלָאכָה‬ work, occupation, service ‫אֲָרם‬ Aram
‫מִצְוָה‬ commandment ‫אַשּׁוּר‬ Assyria
‫נוּס‬ to flee, escape ‫הָלַל‬ to praise, sing hallelujah
‫סָבַב‬ to turn, go around, ‫חַיִּים‬ life, lifetime
surround
‫חָכָם‬ wise, skillful
‫ֵפֶר‬.‫ס‬ book, scroll, document
‫חָכְמָה‬ wisdom, skill
‫עֵָדה‬ congregation, assembly
‫חָלַל‬ to be defiled; profane,
‫ֶתַח‬.‫פּ‬ opening, entrance pollute
‫ָקַדשׁ‬ to be holy, set apart, ‫חָנָה‬ to camp, lay seige to
consecrate
‫יוֹאָב‬ Joab
‫רוּם‬ to be high, be exalted
‫יַ>יִן‬ wine
ַ‫ֵרע‬ friend, companion,
‫יָמִין‬ right hand, south
neighbor
‫ָרעָה‬ to pasture, tend, graze ‫יֵשׁ‬ there is, there are
‫ִראשׁוֹן‬ first, former ‫כִּסֵּא‬ seat, throne
‫שָׂפָה‬ lip, language, edge ‫כָּסָה‬ to cover, conceal
‫שָׁאַל‬ to ask, inquire ‫וֶת‬.ָ‫מ‬ death
‫בֶט‬.ֵ‫שׁ‬ rod, staff, tribe ‫מְנַשֶּׁה‬ Manasseh

13
 ‫עַל‬.ַ‫מ‬ above, upward ‫שָׁחַת‬ to ruin, destroy
‫מִשְׁכָּן‬ dwelling place, tabernacle ‫שְׁמוּאֵל‬ Samuel
‫נֶ> גֶד‬ opposite, in front of ‫שְׁמֹנֶה‬ eight; (mp) ‫ שְׁמֹנִים‬eighty
‫נָגַע‬ to touch, reach ‫שֵׁנִי‬ second
ַ‫נוּח‬ to rest Words that occur 134–120 times
‫נַ>חַל‬ stream, brook, wadi (Disk 1, Track 10)
‫שֶׁת‬.ֹ‫נְח‬ copper, bronze ‫אוֹר‬ light
‫נָסַע‬ to set out, depart ‫אֱמֶת‬ truth, fidelity
‫סוּס‬ horse ‫אֲנַ> חְנוּ‬ (1cp) we
‫עֲבָֹדה‬ work, labor, service ‫אַף‬ also, indeed, even
‫פָּתַח‬ to open ‫בּוֹשׁ‬ to be ashamed
‫צְָדָקה‬ righteousness, justice ‫בְּכוֹר‬ firstborn
‫צִיּוֹן‬ Zion ‫עַל‬.ַ‫בּ‬ Baal
‫צָפוֹן‬ north, northern ‫גִּלְעָד‬ Gilead
‫ָקָרא‬ to meet, encounter, befall, ‫זָבַח‬ to slaughter, sacrifice
happen
‫חוֹמָה‬ wall
‫ֹרב‬ multitude, abundance
‫חִזְִקיָּ>הוּ‬ Hezekiah
‫ָרַדף‬ to pursue, persecute
‫חֵמָה‬ wrath, heat, poison
‫שָׂמַח‬ to rejoice
‫חֲצִי‬ half, middle
‫שָׂנֵא‬ to hate
‫חָשַׁב‬ to think, regard; (Pi)
ֶ‫שׁ‬ who, which, that calculate, plan
‫שָׁבַר‬ to break ‫חֹק‬ statute, portion

14
‫יְהוֹנָתָן‬ Jonathan Words that occur 119–100 times
(Disk 1, Track 11)
‫יְִרמְיָ>הוּ‬ Jeremiah
ַ‫כֹּח‬ strength, power ‫ אַבְשָׁלוֹם‬Absalom
‫לָכַד‬ to take, capture, seize ‫ אֱדוֹם‬Edom
‫מִסְפָּר‬ number ‫ אָחוֹת‬sister
‫נָגַשׁ‬ to draw near, come near ‫ בָּטַח‬to trust, be confident
‫נָשִׂיא‬ chief, leader, prince ‫ בָּכָה‬to weep
‫צֶם‬.ֶ‫ע‬ bone, skeleton ‫ בִּלְתִּי‬not, except; commonly
spelled ‫לְבִלְתִּי‬
‫ֶֶרב‬.‫ע‬ evening, sunset
–‫פֶּן‬ lest, otherwise
‫ בָּמָה‬high place, hill
‫פָּנָה‬ to turn
‫ עַד‬.ַ‫ בּ‬behind, through, out of
‫פַּר‬ bull, ox
‫ גָּאַל‬to redeem
‫דֶק‬.ֶ‫צ‬ righteousness, equity
‫ גַָּדל‬to grow up, be great
‫ָקבַץ‬ to collect, gather
‫ הֵן‬behold, if
‫ָקבַר‬ to bury
‫ חָֻקּה‬statute, ordinance
‫ָקהָל‬ assembly, community,
‫ יָָדה‬to thank, praise, confess
crowd ‫ יָטַב‬to be well with, go well
with, be pleasing
‫כֶב‬.‫ֶר‬ chariot
‫שָׁאַר‬ to remain, be left over
‫יַ>עַן‬ because, on account of

‫שָׁלְַך‬ to send, throw, cast

‫יִצְחָק‬ Isaac

‫ֶמֶשׁ‬.‫שׁ‬ sun
‫יָָרבְעָם‬ Jeroboam

‫שָׁכַן‬ to settle, dwell

‫יָשָׁר‬ upright, just, level, straight
‫יָתַר‬ to be left over, remain
15
 ‫כָּבֵד‬ to be heavy, be honored ‫ָקטַר‬ to make a sacrifice go up
‫בֶשׂ‬.ֶ‫כּ‬ lamb, sheep in smoke
‫כָּנָף‬ wing, edge ‫רוּץ‬ to run
‫כָּפַר‬ to cover, atone ‫ֹרחַב‬ width, breadth, expanse
‫לָבַשׁ‬ to put on a garment, clothe ‫ָרעָב‬ famine, hunger
‫לָשׁוֹן‬ tongue, language ‫ַרק‬ only, still, but, however
‫מִגְָרשׁ‬ open land, pasture ‫שַָׂרף‬ to burn, destroy
‫מַמְלָכָה‬ kingdom, dominion, reign ‫שַׁבָּת‬ Sabbath, period of rest
‫מְעַט‬ little, few ‫שָׁכַח‬ to forget
‫מְַראֶה‬ vision, sight, appearance ‫שָׁלֵם‬ to be complete, be finished
‫נָבָא‬ to prophesy ‫שְׁלִישִׁי‬ third
‫נָהָר‬ river, stream ‫שֹׁמְרוֹן‬ Samaria
‫נָחַם‬ to be sorry, regret; (Pi) ‫שָׁפְַך‬ to pour , spill
comfort ‫ֶֶקר‬.‫שׁ‬ lie, deception, falsehood
‫סָפַר‬ to count; (Pi) recount, ‫תּוֹעֵבָה‬ abomination, abhorrence
make known ‫תָּמִיד‬ continually
‫עַמּוּד‬ pillar, column
Words that occur 99–90 times
‫עַמּוֹן‬ Ammon (Disk 1, Track 12)
‫עָפָר‬ dust, dry earth
‫אָמַן‬ to be reliable, faithful or
‫עַם‬.ַ‫פּ‬ foot, pace, time trustworthy
‫פְִּרי‬ fruit, offspring ‫ ֶֹרְך‬.‫א‬ length
‫ָקדוֹשׁ‬ holy, set apart ‫גֵּר‬ stranger, sojourner, alien

16
 ‫הָפְַך‬ to turn, overturn, ‫ָקצֶה‬ end, border, outskirts
overthrow ‫ָרעַע‬ to be bad, evil
ַ‫זְרוֹע‬ arm, forearm, strength, ‫שָׂבַע‬ to be satisfied
power
‫שִׂמְחָה‬ joy, gladness
‫חַיָּה‬ animal, beast
‫שְׁבִיעִי‬ seventh
‫לֶב‬.ֵ‫ח‬ fat
‫שָׁמַד‬ to exterminate, annihilate,
‫חָלָל‬ pierced, slain, defiled destroy
‫חֲמוֹר‬ donkey ‫שָׁמֵם‬ to be deserted, be appalled
‫חָָרה‬ to be hot, become angry ‫שַָׁרת‬ to minister, serve
‫טָהֵר‬ to be clean, be pure ‫תָּמִים‬ blameless, perfect, honest
‫טָהוֹר‬ clean, pure
Words that occur 89–80 times
‫יַחְָדּו‬ together, at the same time (Disk 1, Track 13)
‫יֶ>תֶר‬ rest, remainder
‫וֶן‬.ָ‫א‬ iniquity, wickedness,
‫כְּרוּב‬ cherub evildoer
‫ֶֶרם‬.‫כּ‬ vineyard ‫ טֶן‬.ֶ‫בּ‬ belly, stomach, womb
‫מָלַט‬ to escape, flee ‫בְָּרכָה‬ blessing, gift
‫מַלְכוּת‬ kingdom, dominion, royal ‫גִּבְעָה‬ hill
power
‫גּוּר‬ to sojourn, dwell as a
‫סָגַר‬ to shut, close; (Hi) hand foreigner
over, surrender
‫לֶת‬.ּ‫ֶד‬ door
‫בֶר‬.ֵ‫ע‬ beyond, other side, edge
‫עַת‬.ּ‫ַד‬ knowledge, understanding
‫עוֹר‬ skin, hide, leather
‫בֶל‬.ֶ‫ה‬ vanity, futility, breath
‫שַׁע‬.ֶ‫פּ‬ transgression, rebellion

17
 ‫הֵיכָל‬ temple, palace ‫עוּר‬ to be awake, stir up
‫הָמוֹן‬ multitude, crowd, tumult ‫עָזַר‬ to help, assist
‫זָכָר‬ male, man ‫ מֶק‬.ֵ‫ע‬ valley, plain
‫זָעַק‬ to cry (out), call for help ‫עָנִי‬ poor, humble, afflicted
‫זָר‬ foreign, strange ‫עָנָן‬ clouds
‫חְֶרפָּה‬ reproach, disgrace, shame ‫עֵצָה‬ counsel, plan, advice
‫שְֶׁך‬.‫ֹח‬ darkness ‫פֵּאָה‬ corner, side, edge
‫טָמֵא‬ unclean ‫פֹּה‬ here, there, at this place
‫יֶ>לֶד‬ child, boy, youth ‫פָּלָא‬ to be extraordinary, be too
‫יָעַץ‬ to advise, counsel difficult
‫כְּסִיל‬ fool, shameless person ‫פָּלַל‬ to pray
‫לִין‬ to remain overnight, stay, ‫צוּר‬ rock, boulder
dwell ‫צַר‬ adversary, enemy
‫לָמַד‬ to learn; (Pi) teach ‫צָָרה‬ distress, anxiety, trouble
ַ‫מַדּוּע‬ why? ‫ִקיר‬ wall
‫מָהַר‬ to hasten, hurry ‫ָקלַל‬ to be small, be
‫מָכַר‬ to sell, hand over insignificant
‫מָשַׁח‬ to smear, anoint ‫ָקנָה‬ to get, acquire, buy
‫מָשַׁל‬ to rule, reign ‫ָקְרבָּן‬ gift, offering
‫נָבַט‬ to look, gaze, behold ‫ָרחוֹק‬ distant, remote, far away
‫סָתַר‬ to be hidden, hide oneself ‫ָרחַץ‬ to wash
‫עוֹף‬ flying creatures, birds, ‫ִריב‬ to contend, dispute,
insects conduct a legal case

18
 ‫שָׁבַת‬ to stop, cease, rest ‫חָנַן‬ to be gracious to, favor
‫שׁוֹפָר‬ trumpet, ram’s horn ‫חָפֵץ‬ to delight in, take pleasure
‫שָׁחַט‬ to slaughter in
‫שִׁיר‬ to sing ‫יְשׁוּעָה‬ salvation, help,
deliverance
‫שִׁית‬ to set, put, place
‫שֻׁלְחָן‬ table
‫מָאַס‬ to refuse, reject

‫לֶם‬.‫שׁ‬ֶ peace offering

‫מִזְָרח‬ east, sunrise

‫קֶל‬.ֶ‫שׁ‬ measurement of weight,

‫מְִקָדּשׁ‬ sanctuary
shekel ‫מְִקנֶה‬ cattle, livestock, property
‫תַָּקע‬ to thrust (weapon), pitch ‫ֶרת‬.ֶ‫מִשְׁמ‬ watch, guard,
(tent), blow (trumpet), clap responsibility
(one’s hands) ‫נֶ> גַע‬ mark, plague, affliction
Words that occur 79–70 times ‫נַעֲָרה‬ young girl, maidservant
(Disk 1, Track 14) ‫נָצַב‬ to stand, take one’s stand,
station oneself
‫אוֹצָר‬ treasure, treasury,
storehouse ‫לָה‬.ֶ‫ס‬ Selah (technical poetic
notation)
‫אוֹת‬ sign
‫אָסַר‬ to bind, imprison
‫עֹז‬ strength, power, might

‫ֶרז‬.ֶ‫א‬ cedar
‫עֵז‬ goat, goat’s hair

‫בַּל‬ no, never

‫עָנָה‬ to be afflicted, be humbled

‫בְַּרזֶל‬ iron
‫עַָרְך‬ to lay out, set in rows

‫גּוָֹרל‬ lot, portion, allotment

‫ָקטֹן‬ small, young

‫חָלָה‬ to be weak or tired, be sick

‫ָקרוֹב‬ near, close

19
 ‫ֶרן‬.‫ֶק‬ horn ‫בּוֹר‬ pit, cistern, well
‫שֶׁת‬.‫ֶק‬ bow, weapon ‫בַָּרח‬ to run away, flee
‫ָרכַב‬ to mount and ride, ride ‫גְּבוָּרה‬ power, strength
‫שׁוֹר‬ ox, bull, cow ‫גֶּ>בֶר‬ strong man, young man
‫שִׁיר‬ song ‫גַּיְא‬ valley
‫שָׁלָל‬ plunder, spoil, loot ‫דּוֹד‬ beloved, uncle
‫תְּפִלָּה‬ prayer ‫ָדַּרְך‬ to tread, march, bend the
‫תְּרוּמָה‬ offering, contribution bow
‫שַׁע‬.ֵ‫תּ‬ nine; (mp) ‫ תִּשְׁעִים‬ninety ‫חַג‬ feast, festival

Words that occur 69–61 times

‫חֲלוֹם‬ dream
(Disk 1, Track 15) ‫לֶק‬.ֵ‫ח‬ portion, share

‫אֶבְיוֹן‬ poor, needy

‫חֵן‬ favor, grace

‫אוּלָם‬ porch; also spelled ‫אֵילָם‬

‫יְאֹר‬ stream, river, Nile

‫אָחַז‬ to seize, grasp, take hold

‫יָצַר‬ to form, fashion, shape,
create
of
‫אֲחֻזָּה‬ property, possession
‫יֵָרא‬ fearful, afraid of, fear

‫אַחֲִרית‬ end, extremity, last

‫כִּכָּר‬ something round, talent
(weight), valley
‫אֵיְך‬ how? ‫כָּשַׁל‬ to stumble, totter, stagger
‫ֵצֶל‬.‫א‬ beside, near ‫כָּתֵף‬ side, shoulder
‫אַָרר‬ to curse ‫מָלֵא‬ full, filled
‫אִשֶּׁה‬ offering by fire ‫נָצַח‬ to supervise, oversee; (Pi
ְ‫אַתּ‬ (2fs) you Ptc) ַ‫ מְנַצֵּח‬conductor

20
 ‫נָצַר‬ to keep watch, guard ‫תָּפַשׂ‬ to take hold of, seize,
‫עֵד‬ witness capture
‫עֵדוּת‬ witness, testimony; (fp) Words that occur 60–55 times
‫ עֵדוֹת‬laws (Disk 1, Track 16)
‫פּוּץ‬ to be spread, be scattered ‫דֶן‬.ֶ‫א‬ base, pedestal
‫פַָּרשׂ‬ to spread out ַ‫אֱלוֹהּ‬ God, god
‫צָלַח‬ to succeed, prosper, be ‫אַלּוּף‬ tribal chief, leader
successful
‫אַלְמָנָה‬ widow
‫בֶר‬.‫ֶק‬ grave, burial site
‫אָמָה‬ female servant, handmaid,
‫ָקִדים‬ east, eastern maidservant
‫ֶדם‬.‫ֶק‬ east, ancient times ‫ַרח‬.ֹ‫א‬ road, path, way
‫ָקנֶה‬ reed ‫בְּלִי‬ without, nothing
‫ֵקץ‬ end, border, limit ‫בָּעַר‬ to burn, consume
‫ָקַרע‬ to tear, rend, cut up ‫פֶן‬.ֶ‫גּ‬ vine, grapevine
‫ִריב‬ dispute, quarrel, lawsuit ‫ָדּבַק‬ to cling, cleave to, stick to
‫ָרפָא‬ to heal ‫נָּה‬.‫ֵה‬ here, there
‫שְׁאוֹל‬ Sheol, underworld ‫זָנָה‬ to commit fornication, be a
‫שְׁאִֵרית‬ remnant, remainder harlot, be unfaithful
‫שָׁכַם‬ to get up early, rise early ‫זַָרע‬ to sow, scatter seed
‫שִׁפְחָה‬ female slave, maidservant ‫חַָדל‬ to cease, end, stop
‫שָָׁקה‬ to give drink to ‫חָזָה‬ to see, behold, perceive
‫תָּמַם‬ to be complete or finished, ‫חָזָק‬ strong, mighty, hard
come to an end

21
 ‫חָלַק‬ to divide, share, distribute ‫פָָּדה‬ to ransom, redeem, buy
‫חָמָס‬ violence, wrong out
‫חֵץ‬ arrow ‫פָּעַל‬ to do, make, perform
‫חָתַת‬ to be shattered, be ‫פָָּרשׁ‬ horseman, horse
dismayed ‫צָעַק‬ to shout, cry out, call for
‫ֶֶרם‬.‫ט‬ before, not yet help
‫יָבֵשׁ‬ to dry up ‫ֶרת‬.ֹ‫ְקט‬ incense, smoke
‫יָכַח‬ to reprove, rebuke, ‫ְרבִיעִי‬ fourth
reproach ‫ָרחַק‬ to be far or distant
‫יַ>עַר‬ forest, woods, thicket ַ‫ֵריח‬ smell, odor, scent
‫כָּעַס‬ to be angry, be vexed ‫ָרצוֹן‬ pleasure, acceptance, favor
‫מָגֵן‬ shield ‫שָׂכַל‬ to understand, make wise,
‫מִָדּה‬ measure, measurement have success
‫מִזְמוֹר‬ psalm, song ‫שַָׁדד‬ to devastate, ruin
‫מַחֲשָׁבָה‬ thought, plan, scheme ‫שְׁמָמָה‬ desolation, waste, ruin
‫נֶ>דֶר‬ vow; also spelled ‫נֵ>ֶדר‬ ‫שֵׁן‬ tooth, ivory
‫נָחַל‬ to take possession, obtain ‫תְּהִלָּה‬ praise, song of praise
property Words that occur 54–50 times
‫נָטַע‬ to plant (Disk 2, Track 2)
‫נֶ>סְֶך‬ drink offering; also spelled ‫אָבָה‬ to be willing, consent
‫נֵ>סְֶך‬ ‫אַחֲרוֹן‬ last, behind
‫ֶלַע‬.‫ס‬ rock, stone, cliff
‫אַיֵּה‬ where?
‫עֲָרבָה‬ desert plain, Arabah

22
 ‫בַָּקע‬ to cleave, split, break open ‫נָכַר‬ to recognize, know,
‫בְּתוּלָה‬ virgin investigate
‫גָּמָל‬ camel ‫נָשַׂג‬ to reach, overtake
‫ְדּבַשׁ‬ honey ‫לֶת‬.ֹ‫ס‬ flour
‫הוֹי‬ woe! oh! ‫סֹפֵר‬ scribe, secretary
‫חָָדשׁ‬ new, fresh ‫עֶלְיוֹן‬ upper; (title) Most High
‫חַָרם‬ to dedicate for destruction, ‫עָמָל‬ trouble, labor, toil
exterminate ‫עְֶרוָה‬ nakedness
‫עַת‬.ַ‫טַבּ‬ ring ‫צֵל‬ shadow, shade, protection
‫יוֹמָם‬ by day, daily, in the ‫ֶרשׁ‬. ‫ֶק‬ board, plank
daytime ‫ֵראשִׁית‬ beginning, first
‫יָצַק‬ to pour, pour out ‫ָרנַן‬ to call or cry aloud, shout
‫יְִריעָה‬ tent curtain with joy
‫כָּבַס‬ to clean, cleanse ‫שְׂמֹאל‬ left, left side, north
‫מַָדד‬ to measure ‫שָׂעִיר‬ male goat
‫מְִדינָה‬ province, district ‫שָׁוְא‬ worthlessness, vanity,
‫מוּסָר‬ discipline, correction, emptiness
instruction ‫תָּעָה‬ to err, wander off, stagger
‫מָחָר‬ tomorrow Words that occur 49–47 times
‫מַצָּה‬ unleavened bread (Disk 2, Track 3)
‫מָרוֹם‬ height, elevation, pride ‫אֱמוּנָה‬ faithfulness, reliability
‫נַָדח‬ to be scattered, be ‫מֶר‬.ֵ‫א‬ word, saying, speech
banished

23
 ‫אֵפֹד‬ ephod, priestly garment ‫נְבֵלָה‬ carcass, corpse
‫אְַריֵה‬ lion ‫נָגַף‬ to smite, strike, injure
‫בָּגַד‬ to act treacherously or ‫סָלַח‬ to pardon, forgive
deceitfully ‫סָמְַך‬ to support, sustain
‫בַּעֲבוּר‬ on account of, in order that ‫עַד‬ forever, eternal
‫בָָּרא‬ to create ‫חַד‬.ַ‫פּ‬ trembling, terror, dread
‫גָּאוֹן‬ majesty, pride ‫סַח‬.ֶ‫פּ‬ Passover
‫גִּיל‬ to shout with joy, rejoice ‫פַָּרר‬ to break, destroy, put an
‫גִּלּוּלִים‬ idols end to
‫ַדּל‬ poor, weak, needy ‫צָפָה‬ to overlay, plate
‫בֶל‬.ֶ‫ח‬ rope, cord, field, region ‫צַָרר‬ to wrap, bind; be restricted
‫חִיל‬ to writhe, travail, be in ‫ָקוָה‬ to wait, hope
labor ‫ָקצִיר‬ harvest
‫חֲנִית‬ spear ‫ָרחַם‬ to show love, have
‫חַָרשׁ‬ to be silent, be deaf compassion, take pity
‫יָצַב‬ to take one’s stand, stand ‫ָרצָה‬ to be pleased, accept
firm, resist ‫ָרצַח‬ to kill, murder, slay
‫יָָרה‬ to instruct, teach ‫שֶׂה‬ sheep, lamb
‫לִשְׁכָּה‬ room, chamber, hall ‫שַׂק‬ sack, sackcloth
‫מַכָּה‬ wound, injury ‫שָׁבָה‬ to take captive, deport
‫מַעֲלָה‬ ascent, step, stairs ‫שְׁבִי‬ captivity, captives
‫מִשְָׁקל‬ weight ‫שַַׁדּי‬ (title) Almighty, Shaddai
‫מָתְנַ>יִם‬ hips, waist, loins
24
 ‫לֶת‬.ֵ‫תְּכ‬ blue or purple material ‫יְִראָה‬ fear
‫ֶרת‬. ֶ‫תִּפְא‬ beauty, glory, splendor ‫מִגְָדּל‬ tower
Words that occur 46–44 times ‫מוֹשָׁב‬ dwelling, settlement
(Disk 2, Track 4) ‫מָָרה‬ to be rebellious, obstinate
‫אוּלַי‬ perhaps, maybe ‫מְֶרכָּבָה‬ chariot
‫אוֹר‬ to give light, shine, ‫מַשָּׂא‬ load, burden
illuminate ‫מִשְׁכָּב‬ bed, couch
‫אָשָׁם‬ guilt, guilt offering ‫מִשְׁתֶּה‬ feast, banquet
‫אַשְֵׁרי‬ blessed, happy ‫נָגִיד‬ leader, ruler
‫בָּחוּר‬ young man ‫נָכְִרי‬ foreign, strange
‫בָּלַל‬ to mix, confuse ‫נְעוִּרים‬ youth
(languages) ‫נָָקה‬ to be free, be without guilt
‫גַָּרשׁ‬ to drive out, banish ‫נֵר‬ lamp, light
‫בֶר‬.ּ‫ֶד‬ plague, pestilence ‫סִָריס‬ official, eunuch
‫זָמַר‬ to sing, praise, make music ‫עִמָּד‬ with
‫חָגַר‬ to gird, put on, get ready ‫עָצַר‬ to hold back, restrain,
‫חָלָב‬ milk imprison
‫חָלַץ‬ to draw out, take off, ‫פָּגַע‬ to meet, encounter, attack
withdraw; (Pi) rescue, ‫פַָּרץ‬ to break through, burst
deliver open, spread out
‫חֲמִישִׁי‬ fifth ‫קוֹמָה‬ height
‫טוֹב‬ to be good, be pleasing ‫ָקשַׁב‬ to pay attention, listen
‫יַ>חַד‬ together, along with carefully
25
‫ָקשַׁר‬ to bind, conspire ‫שֶׁת‬.ֹ‫בּ‬ shame, disgrace
ַ‫רוּע‬ to shout ַ‫גָּבֹהּ‬ high, exalted
‫ָרפָה‬ to sink, drop, relax; ‫גּוֹלָה‬ captivity, exiles
abandon, forsake ‫גַּן‬ garden
‫בֶר‬.‫ֶשׁ‬ break, fracture, collapse ‫הָָרה‬ to conceive, become
Words that occur 43–41 times pregnant
(Disk 2, Track 5) ‫הַָרס‬ to tear down, demolish,
destroy
‫אָזַן‬ to give ear, listen, hear
‫אָחוֹר‬ back, behind
‫זוּב‬ to flow, suffer a discharge

‫אָמֵץ‬ to be strong, be bold

‫חָמַל‬ to have compassion, pity

‫אָנָה‬ where?
‫חְָרבָּה‬ desolation, ruin

‫אֱנוֹשׁ‬ man, humankind

‫חָרוֹן‬ anger, fury, burning

‫פֶס‬.ֶ‫א‬ end, nothing

‫טַף‬ children

‫אַָרב‬ to lie in wait, ambush

‫יָחַל‬ to wait, hope for

‫בַָּדל‬ to separate oneself,

‫יָסַד‬ to found, establish,
appoint
withdraw
‫בָּזָה‬ to despise, regard with
‫יָסַר‬ teach, discipline, rebuke
contempt ‫יָפֶה‬ beautiful
‫בָּזַז‬ to plunder, spoil ‫יָתוֹם‬ orphan
‫טַח‬.ֶ‫בּ‬ security, safety ‫כָּבֵד‬ heavy, severe
‫בָּלַע‬ to swallow, engulf ‫כִּנּוֹר‬ lyre, harp
ַ‫בְִּריח‬ bar ַ‫לוּח‬ tablet, board, plank
‫מָאַן‬ to refuse

26
‫ֶקת‬.‫מַחֲֹל‬ division, portion ‫תְּבוּאָה‬ produce, harvest
‫מְנוָֹרה‬ lampstand ‫תְּבוּנָה‬ understanding, skill
‫מַעֲלָל‬ deed, act Words that occur 40–37 times
‫מְעָָרה‬ cave (Disk 2, Track 6)
‫מָתַי‬ when? ‫אֵיפָה‬ a dry measurement, ephah
ַ‫נוּע‬ to tremble, shake, totter ‫כֶל‬.ֹ‫א‬ food
ַ‫נִיחֹח‬ soothing, pleasing scent ‫אְַרגָּמָן‬ purple
‫נֶ> צַח‬ forever, everlasting ‫אֲשֵָׁרה‬ Asherah, cultic pole
‫נִָקי‬ blameless, innocent ‫בְּאֵר‬ well, pit
‫נָתַץ‬ to tear down, pull down, ‫בַּד‬ carrying pole, gate bar
demolish
‫בָּהַל‬ to be terrified, be horrified
‫פָּשַׁט‬ to take off, rush out, make
‫בִּינָה‬ understanding, insight
a raid
‫פָּשַׁע‬ to revolt, rebel, transgress ‫גָּמַל‬ to complete, finish, wean
‫צַָדק‬ to be righteous; (Hi) ‫גָּנַב‬ to steal, deceive
declare righteous, justify ‫גּ> ֶֹרן‬ threshing floor
‫צַוָּאר‬ neck ‫ָדּגָן‬ grain, corn
‫ִקנְאָה‬ jealousy, zeal ‫ַדּי‬ sufficiency, enough
‫ָרגַז‬ to shake, quake, tremble ‫זַ>יִת‬ olive tree, olive
‫ְרחוֹב‬ public square, street ‫זָָרה‬ to scatter, disperse
‫שָׁנִי‬ scarlet, crimson ‫דֶר‬.ֶ‫ח‬ room, chamber
‫שַָׁקט‬ to be quiet, be peaceful, be ‫חֵיק‬ bosom, lap
at rest ‫חָסָה‬ to seek or take refuge

27
 ‫פֶץ‬.ֵ‫ח‬ delight, desire, pleasure ‫דֶר‬.ֵ‫ע‬ flock, herd
‫חַַָרד‬ to tremble, shudder, quake ‫עוּד‬ to warn, admonish, testify
‫חַָרף‬ to taunt, reproach ‫עֹל‬ yoke
‫כּוֹכָב‬ star ‫עָשַׁק‬ to oppress, exploit
‫כּוּל‬ to comprehend ‫שֶׁר‬.ֹ‫ע‬ wealth, riches
‫כָה‬.ָ‫כּ‬ thus, so ‫גֶשׁ‬.ֶ‫פִּיל‬ concubine
‫כָּלַם‬ to be hurt, be humiliated, ‫צֵלָע‬ rib, side
be ashamed ‫צָפָה‬ to keep watch, spy
‫לַָקט‬ to gather, glean ‫צִפּוֹר‬ bird
‫מִבְצָר‬ fortress, stronghold ‫ָקהַל‬ to assemble
‫מוֹט‬ to totter, shake, waver, ‫ַרחֲמִים‬ compassion, mercy
stagger
‫שָׂחַק‬ to laugh, play
‫מָטָר‬ rain
‫שׁוֹעֵר‬ gatekeeper
‫מְֹלא‬ that which fills, abundance
‫שַׁמָּה‬ desolation, horror
‫מִלָּה‬ word, speech
‫שֵׁשׁ‬ linen
‫מָעוֹז‬ refuge, stronghold
‫תְּאֵנָה‬ fig tree, fig
‫מַר‬ bitter; (n) bitterness
‫תּוֹלֵדוֹת‬ generations, descendants
‫מְִרמָה‬ deceit, deception
‫עַת‬.ַ‫תּוֹל‬ worm
ַ‫מָשִׁיח‬ anointed; (n) anointed one,
‫תִּירוֹשׁ‬ new wine
Messiah
‫מָשָׁל‬ proverb, wisdom saying Words that occur 36–34 times
(Disk 2, Track 7)
‫נָחָה‬ to lead
‫נָטַשׁ‬ to leave, forsake, abandon ‫אָבַל‬ to mourn, lament

28
 ‫אוֹפַן‬ wheel ‫יָָקר‬ precious, valuable
‫אִי‬ coastland, island ‫יֵָרְך‬ thigh, loin
‫אָלָה‬ oath, curse ‫יֵ>שַׁע‬ salvation, deliverance,
‫אִמְָרה‬ word, saying help
‫אֲִרי‬ lion ‫כַּלָּה‬ daughter-in-law, bride
‫אַָרְך‬ to make long, lengthen, ‫כָּנַע‬ to be subdued, be
extend humbled
‫אָשַׁם‬ to be guilty, do wrong ‫כַָּרע‬ to bow, kneel
‫אָתוֹן‬ female donkey ‫מוּל‬ in front of, opposite
‫גָּבַהּ‬ to be high, be tall, be ‫מוֹפֵת‬ wonder, sign, miracle
exalted ‫מָחָה‬ to wipe out, destroy,
‫גֶּ>שֶׁם‬ rain, showers annihilate
‫הָמָה‬ to make noise, roar ‫מַלְכָּה‬ queen
‫זוֹנָה‬ prostitute, harlot ‫מָעַל‬ to be unfaithful, act
unfaithfully
‫זַָרק‬ to toss, scatter, sprinkle
‫חָבָא‬ to hide, be hidden
‫מָשְַׁך‬ to draw, pull, drag

‫חָזוֹן‬ vision, revelation

‫מִשְׁנֶה‬ double, second

‫חֵטְא‬ sin
‫נוּף‬ to move back and forth,
wave
‫חָסִיד‬ godly, faithful, pious ‫נֵכָר‬ foreigner, stranger
‫חֵָרב‬ to dry up, lie in ruins ‫נָסָה‬ to test, try, tempt
‫חָָרשׁ‬ craftsman ‫נַָקם‬ to avenge, take vengeance
‫טֻמְאָה‬ uncleanness, impurity ‫תֶר‬.ֵ‫ס‬ hiding place, secret place

29
 ‫עֶבְָרה‬ wrath, anger, fury Words that occur 33–31 times
(Disk 2, Track 8)
‫ֵגֶל‬.‫ע‬ calf, young bull
‫עַוְלָה‬ iniquity, injustice ‫אַהֲבָה‬ love
‫עֳנִי‬ poverty, affliction, misery ‫אֵי‬ where?
‫עֵָרל‬ uncircumcised ‫אֳנִיָּה‬ ship, boat
‫עַל‬.ֹ‫פּ‬ work, deed ‫אֶצְבַּע‬ finger, toe
‫פַָּרח‬ to bud, sprout, bloom ‫אְַרמוֹן‬ palace, stronghold
‫צָפַן‬ to hide, store up, treasure ‫גָּג‬ roof
‫עַת‬.‫צַָר‬ leprosy, skin disease ‫גְּדוּד‬ band of raiders, military
troops
‫צַָרף‬ to smelt, test
‫ָקנָא‬ to envy, be envious
‫חָבַשׁ‬ to bind, saddle

‫ָקצָה‬ end, edge, tip

‫חַלּוֹן‬ window

‫ָקצַף‬ to be angry or furious

‫חִנָּם‬ without cause, without
compensation
‫ָקצַר‬ to gather in, reap, harvest
‫טַבָּח‬ guard, cook
‫ָקשֶׁה‬ difficult, hard, severe
‫טוּב‬ goodness
‫ָרשַׁע‬ to condemn, declare guilty
‫טַל‬ dew, light rain
‫שְׂעָֹרה‬ barley
‫טָמַן‬ to hide
‫תֵּבֵל‬ world
‫יָהַב‬ to give
‫תְּהוֹם‬ primeval ocean, deep,
‫יוֹנָה‬ dove
depth
‫תְּרוּעָה‬ shout, alarm, signal
‫יָלַל‬ to howl, lament, wail

‫תְּשׁוּעָה‬ salvation, deliverance,

‫יְמָנִית‬ right (hand), southern
victory ‫יָנַק‬ to suck, nurse
30
 ‫כּוֹס‬ cup ‫נָחָשׁ‬ serpent, snake
‫כָּזָב‬ lie, deception ‫נָשַׁק‬ to kiss
‫כָּחַד‬ to be hidden, conceal ‫סֻכָּה‬ booth, tabernacle
‫לֶב‬.ֶ‫כּ‬ dog ‫עָב‬ cloud, clouds
‫כְּלָיוֹת‬ kidneys (place of thought ‫עָצוּם‬ mighty, numerous
or emotion) ‫ֵֶרְך‬. ‫ע‬ value, assessment
‫כְּפִיר‬ young lion ‫ ֶֹרף‬.‫ע‬ neck
‫לְאֹם‬ people, nation ‫שֶׂב‬.ֵ‫ע‬ green plant, grass
‫לְבוּשׁ‬ clothing, garment ‫עִשָּׂרוֹן‬ tenth part
‫לְעֻמַּת‬ beside, alongside, ‫פְּנִימִי‬ inner
corresponding to
‫סֶל‬.ֶ‫פּ‬ idol, carved image
‫מְאוּמָה‬ something, anything
‫פְֻּקָדּה‬ appointment, service,
‫מוּל‬ to circumcise watch, punishment
‫מִזְָרק‬ bowl ‫צַד‬ side
‫מָחֳָרת‬ the next day ‫צוּר‬ to tie up, bind, seige
‫מִין‬ kind, type, species ‫צָמַח‬ to sprout, spring up, grow
‫מֵעֶה‬ stomach, womb, entrails ‫ְקלָלָה‬ curse
‫מַעֲשֵׂר‬ tithe, tenth ‫ִרמּוֹן‬ pomegranate
‫מַצֵּבָה‬ sacred stone, pillar ‫ִרנָּה‬ shout of joy, shout of
‫נָאַף‬ to commit adultery lament
‫נַָדר‬ to vow, promise ‫שִׂמְלָה‬ garment, clothing
‫נָוֶה‬ pasture, dwelling ‫שָׁטַף‬ to flood, overflow, wash
away

31
 ‫שְׁמִינִי‬ eighth ‫ֶרם‬. ֵ‫ח‬ set apart for destruction,
‫ֶֹרשׁ‬. ‫שׁ‬ root something banned
‫תּוָֹדה‬ thanksgiving, song of ‫יָעַד‬ to designate, appoint
thanksgiving ‫יְֵרכָה‬ side, hip, far end
‫תְִּקוָה‬ hope, expectation ‫כְּלִמָּה‬ insult, disgrace,
humiliation
Words that occur 30–29 times
(Disk 2, Track 9) ‫ֹנֶת‬.‫כֻּתּ‬ tunic, garment, robe

‫אָוָה‬ to wish, desire, want

‫לָבָן‬ white

‫אָמֵן‬ amen, surely

‫מַאֲכָל‬ food

‫בָּחַן‬ to test, try, examine

‫מִטָּה‬ couch, bed

‫בְּכִי‬ weeping
‫מָנַע‬ to withhold, hold back,
retain
‫בָָּרד‬ hail ‫עַל‬.ַ‫מ‬ unfaithfulness
‫שֶׂם‬.ֹ‫בּ‬ spice, perfume ‫נֶ>גֶב‬ south, Negev
‫גָּזַל‬ to tear off, seize, rob ‫נִָדּה‬ menstrual flow, impurity
‫ָדּמָה‬ to be like, resemble ‫נָהַג‬ to lead, guide
‫הָָדר‬ majesty, glory, splendor ‫סִיר‬ basin, pot, tub
‫הֵנָּה‬ (3fp) they; (fp) these ‫סָפַד‬ to lament, wail
‫זִמָּה‬ evil plan, shameful ‫עֲשִׂיִרי‬ tenth
behavior
‫חִטָּה‬ wheat
‫עַתּוּד‬ male goat, leader

‫חָלַם‬ to dream
‫פִּנָּה‬ corner, cornerstone

‫חֲצֹצְָרה‬ trumpet
‫פָָּרה‬ to bear fruit, be fruitful
‫ִקְריָה‬ city, town
32
 ‫ַרב‬ chief, captain, ruler ‫חַָרשׁ‬ to plow, engrave
‫ָרבַץ‬ to lie down, rest, stretch ‫חָשְַׂך‬ to withhold, keep back,
out refrain
‫ָרעַשׁ‬ to quake, shake ‫חָתַם‬ to seal, affix a seal
‫שַׁע‬.‫ֶר‬ evil, wickedness, offense ‫יוֹבֵל‬ ram’s horn, trumpet, year
‫שִָׂריד‬ survivor of jubilee
‫שְׁבוּעָה‬ oath ‫יָצַת‬ to kindle, burn
‫שְׁבוּת‬ fortune, captivity, exile ‫יָָרה‬ to throw, shoot, cast
‫שָׁפֵל‬ to be low, be humble ַ‫יֵָרח‬ moon
‫תָּלָה‬ to hang ‫יָשַׁר‬ to be straight, be upright,
be right
‫תְּנוּפָה‬ wave offering
‫ֶֹרת‬.‫כַּפּ‬ mercy seat, cover, lid
Words that occur 28–27 times ‫לִיץ‬ to boast
(Disk 2, Track 10)
‫מוֹצָא‬ act of going forth, exit,
‫אִַדּיר‬ noble, majestic, mighty source
‫בְּלִיַּ>עַל‬ useless, good-for-nothing ‫מוֵֹקשׁ‬ snare, trap
‫בָּעַר‬ to graze, sweep away, ‫מָנָה‬ to count, number, reckon
remove ‫מְסִלָּה‬ highway, main road
‫בָּשַׁל‬ to boil ‫מְעִיל‬ robe, cloak
‫חָבַר‬ to unite, ally oneself, be ‫בֶל‬.ֵ‫נ‬ stringed instrument, harp
joined
‫חָכַם‬ to be wise, act wisely
‫נַָדד‬ to flee, wander, depart

‫חַָקר‬ to explore, search, spy out

‫נְָקמָה‬ vengeance, revenge
‫נָתַק‬ to pull off, tear away

33
 ‫סוּף‬ reed, reeds ‫שִׁקּוּץ‬ abomination, detestable
‫עוּף‬ to fly thing
‫עָלַם‬ to be concealed, be hidden ‫שִׁשִּׁי‬ sixth
‫פֶּחָה‬ governor ‫תֵּבָה‬ ark, basket, box
‫פָּלַט‬ to escape, rescue Words that occur 26–25 times
‫פְּלֵיטָה‬ survivor, escape, (Disk 2, Track 11)
deliverance ‫אֱוִיל‬ fool, idiot
‫פָּתָה‬ to be simple, be ‫אִוֶּ>לֶת‬ folly, foolishness
inexperienced
‫אָפָה‬ to bake
‫צַר‬ narrow; (n) anxiety,
‫בַּז‬ plunder, spoil
distress
‫ָקטָן‬ small, young ‫בָּצוּר‬ fortified, inaccessible
‫צֶף‬.‫ֶק‬ wrath, anger ‫ֶרְך‬. ֶ‫בּ‬ knee
‫ָקשָׁה‬ to be heavy, hard, difficult ‫גָּבַר‬ to be strong, be mighty, be
superior
‫ְרכוּשׁ‬ goods, property,
‫ְדּמוּת‬ likeness, form, image
equipment
‫שׂוּשׂ‬ to rejoice ‫הָגָה‬ to utter a sound, growl
‫שָׂכָר‬ wages, payment, reward ‫הוֹן‬ wealth, possessions
‫שֵׂעָר‬ hair, hairiness ‫זֵָקן‬ to be old, grow old
‫שִׁטָּה‬ acacia ‫חִיצוֹן‬ outer, external
‫שָׁלֵם‬ whole, complete, safe ‫חָלַף‬ to pass on or away, vanish
‫שְׁמוּעָה‬ message, report, news ‫שֶׁן‬.ֹ‫ח‬ breastplate
‫טוּר‬ row, course

34
 ‫טַָרף‬ to tear, rip ‫עָשָׁן‬ smoke
‫יָגַע‬ to toil, grow or be weary ‫פַּח‬ trap, snare
‫מָבוֹא‬ entrance, setting (of the ‫פָּחַד‬ to tremble, be in dread
sun), west ‫פַָּרד‬ to divide, separate
‫מַגֵּפָה‬ plague, slaughter ‫פָָּרה‬ cow
‫מְכוֹנָה‬ stand, base, support ‫כֶת‬.‫פָֹּר‬ curtain
‫מָסְָך‬ cover, curtain ‫פִּתְאֹם‬ suddenly, unexpectedly
‫מַסֵּכָה‬ molten image, idol ‫צוֹם‬ fast, period of fasting
‫מַָרד‬ to rebel, revolt ‫צַָרר‬ to be hostile, attack
‫נְָדבָה‬ freewill offering ‫ָקַדם‬ to be in front, go before
‫נִָדיב‬ noble, willing, generous ‫ דְמָה‬.‫ֵק‬ eastward, toward the east
‫נוּד‬ to sway, wander ‫ָרגַל‬ to spy, scout
‫נֵ>זֶר‬ consecration, dedication ‫ָרחַב‬ to open wide
‫נֹכַח‬ in front of, opposite ‫חֶם‬.‫ֶר‬ womb
‫נָסְַך‬ to pour out, cast a metal ‫שָׂטָן‬ adversary, accuser, Satan
image
‫שְׁאָר‬ remnant, remainder
‫נֶ>שֶׁר‬ eagle, vulture
‫שֹׁד‬ violence, destruction
‫סַף‬ threshold, doorframe
‫שׁוֹטֵר‬ officer, official
‫עֲגָלָה‬ cart, wagon
‫שָׁלַף‬ to draw out, pull out
‫עִוֵּר‬ blind
‫שִׁלְשׁוֹם‬ day before yesterday
‫עֶזְָרה‬ help, assistance, support
‫תַּאֲוָה‬ desire, longing
‫עָנָו‬ afflicted, oppressed,
‫תּוֹצָאוֹת‬ end, limit, outermost area
humble

35
‫תְּחִנָּה‬ plea, petition ‫חֶלְָקה‬ piece (of land), portion
Words that occur 24–23 times ‫חָמַם‬ to be warm, grow warm
(Disk 2, Track 12) ‫חָפַר‬ to dig, search for
‫בֶל‬.ֵ‫א‬ mourning, funeral ‫חָפַשׂ‬ to search, examine
ceremony ‫יָעַל‬ to profit, gain, benefit
‫אוֹי‬ woe! alas! ‫יִצְהָר‬ olive oil
‫אֵיד‬ disaster, calamity ‫יָתֵד‬ tent peg, stake, pin
‫אְַרבֶּה‬ locust ‫כָּבָה‬ to go out, be quenched, be
‫בַּד‬ linen cloth extinguished
‫צַע‬.ֶ‫בּ‬ unjust gain ‫כָּהַן‬ to perform the duties of a
priest
‫בָּשַׂר‬ to bring good news, tell,
announce ‫כִּיּוֹר‬ wash basin, cooking pot
‫גָּוַע‬ to die, perish ‫כֵּן‬ honest, correct, right
‫גָּלַח‬ to shave ‫ֶרת‬.ֶ‫כֹּת‬ top of a pillar
‫ִדּין‬ to judge, administer ‫לוּ‬ if only
judgment ‫מִישׁוֹר‬ plain, level ground
‫ִדּמְעָה‬ tears ‫מְלוּכָה‬ kingship, royalty
‫הוֹד‬ splendor, majesty ‫לַח‬.ֶ‫מ‬ salt
‫זֵ>כֶר‬ memory, remembrance ‫מַס‬ forced labor
‫זִכָּרוֹן‬ memorial, remembrance ‫מַעְיָן‬ spring, fountain
‫חוּס‬ to pity, look upon with ‫מְִקָרא‬ summons, assembly
compassion, spare ‫מְִרי‬ rebellion
‫חֳלִי‬ illness, sickness
36
 ‫נָאַץ‬ to spurn, despise ‫חַת‬.ַ‫תּוֹכ‬ rebuke, correction
‫נָגַשׂ‬ to oppress, force to work ‫תּוּר‬ to spy out, explore
‫נָזָה‬ to sprinkle ‫תְּחִלָּה‬ beginning
‫נְשָׁמָה‬ breath ‫תֵּימָן‬ south
‫סוּג‬ to backslide, be disloyal ‫תֹּם‬ integrity, innocence,
‫עַז‬ strong, mighty perfection
‫עֲטָָרה‬ crown, wreath ‫תְּמוֹל‬ yesterday, previously
‫עֲלִילָה‬ deed, action Words that occur 22 times
‫עָשִׁיר‬ rich, wealthy (Disk 2, Track 13)

‫פָּסִיל‬ idol, cultic statue ‫יִל‬.‫ַא‬ pillar, doorpost

‫פִּקּוִּדים‬ precepts, instructions ‫פֶר‬.ֵ‫א‬ ashes, dust
‫יִם‬.‫צָהֳַר‬ noon, midday ‫גַָּדע‬ to cut off, cut down
‫צָעִיר‬ little, small, young ‫ָדּת‬ law, decree
‫ָרבַב‬ to be many, be numerous ‫הִין‬ liquid measurement, hin
‫רוּשׁ‬ to be poor ‫זָהַר‬ to warn, admonish,
‫ֹחַד‬.‫שׁ‬ bribe, gift caution
‫חַר‬.‫שׁ‬ ַ dawn, daybreak ‫זַ> עַם‬ anger, indignation
‫ַחַת‬.‫שׁ‬ pit, grave ‫חוֹל‬ sand
‫שָׁכַל‬ to become childless ‫חָסֵר‬ to decrease, lack, be
lacking
‫שֵׁכָר‬ intoxicating drink, beer
‫שֵׁנָה‬ sleep
‫ֶֶרף‬. ‫ט‬ prey, food

‫שַָׁקל‬ to weigh
‫כָּחַשׁ‬ to deny, deceive, lie

37
 ‫כָּלָה‬ complete destruction ‫שַָׁקף‬ to look down on
‫דֶת‬.ֶ‫מוֹל‬ relatives, offspring ‫תַּזְנוּת‬ prostitution, fornication
‫מַחְתָּה‬ fire pan, censer ‫תָּעַב‬ to abhor, loathe, make an
‫מָעַט‬ to be few, be too small abomination
‫מַעֲלֶה‬ ascent, stairs, rise Words that occur 21 times
‫מִשְׁמָר‬ prison, guard, watch (Disk 2, Track 14)

‫מְתִים‬ men, few ‫אֱלִיל‬ worthlessness, idol

‫נַ>עַל‬ sandal, shoe ‫אָתָה‬ to come
‫נְֵקבָה‬ female, woman ‫בָָּרק‬ lightning
‫סַָקל‬ to stone ‫גַָּרע‬ to shave, diminish
‫גֶר‬.ֶ‫פּ‬ corpse, carcass ‫חָלִילָה‬ far be it, never!
‫פָּשָׂה‬ to spread the symptoms of ‫חָמַד‬ to desire, take pleasure in,
disease covet
‫ִקיץ‬ to awake, wake up ‫חֹתֵן‬ father-in-law
‫ָקסַם‬ to practice divination ‫עַס‬.ַ‫כּ‬ anger, vexation
‫ָקָרה‬ to encounter, meet, befall ‫לְבוֹנָה‬ frankincense
‫גַע‬.‫ֶר‬ moment, instant ‫לְחִי‬ jaw, cheek
‫ָרָדה‬ to rule, govern ‫מְגִלָּה‬ scroll
‫שֶׁת‬.‫ֶר‬ net, trap ‫מוּם‬ defect, blemish
‫שָׂשׂוֹן‬ joy, exultation ‫מוּשׁ‬ to withdraw, leave
‫שְׁכֶם‬ shoulder ‫מְנוּחָה‬ rest, resting place
‫שָׁעַן‬ to lean, depend on ‫מָסַס‬ to melt, dissolve

38
‫מִשְׁחָה‬ anointing ‫תָּמְַך‬ to grasp, support
‫נֵס‬ flag, banner Words that occur 20 times
‫נְתִיבָה‬ path, way (Disk 2, Track 15)
‫נָתְַך‬ to gush forth, pour out ‫בְּרוֹשׁ‬ pine tree, juniper
‫נָתַשׁ‬ to uproot, drive out ‫ֶרשׂ‬.ֶ‫ח‬ earthenware, potsherd
‫סוֹד‬ secret council, confidential ‫חָתָן‬ bridegroom, son-in-law
conversation
‫יָחַשׂ‬ to be enrolled in a
‫סָחַר‬ to pass through genealogical list
‫ֶֶרן‬.‫ס‬ ruler, lord ‫יְסוֹד‬ foundation wall, base
‫ָוֶל‬.‫ע‬ iniquity, injustice, wrong ‫מְהֵָרה‬ quickly, at once
‫פַָּקח‬ to open (the eyes) ‫מַחְסֶה‬ refuge, shelter
‫פְַּרסָה‬ hoof ‫מָצוֹר‬ distress, siege
‫צוּם‬ to fast ‫מְִקלָט‬ refuge, asylum
‫צְעָָקה‬ outcry, yelling ‫מַשָּׂא‬ oracle, pronouncement
ַ‫שָׂמֵח‬ joyful, glad, happy ‫נָבֵל‬ to fade, wither, decay
‫שָׁאַג‬ to roar ‫עֲלִיָּה‬ upper room
‫שָׁבַר‬ to buy grain ‫עִָריץ‬ ruthless, fierce
‫שָׁגָה‬ to stray, go astray ‫עָתַר‬ to pray, plead, entreat
‫שַׁד‬ breast ‫צִנָּה‬ large shield
‫שָׁוַע‬ to cry for help ‫צַָרע‬ to be afflicted with skin
‫שָׁזַר‬ to twist disease
‫חַק‬.ַ‫שׁ‬ layer of dust, cloud of dust ‫יִץ‬.‫ַק‬ summer, summer fruit

39
‫ָרחָב‬ wide, spacious ַ‫שָׁבוּע‬ week
‫ָרעֵב‬ hungry ‫לֶג‬.‫שׁ‬
ֶ snow
‫שָׂגַב‬ to be high, be exalted ‫שְׁפֵלָה‬ foothills, Shephelah
ַ‫שִׂיח‬ to consider, meditate, ‫תַּבְנִית‬ pattern, form
lament ‫הוּ‬.ֹ‫תּ‬ emptiness, formlessness
‫שָׂכַר‬ to hire ‫תִּמָֹרה‬ palm tree ornament

40