KIDNEY AND URETERAL STONES

Putu Anggia Dimitri Pramesti

1770121078
SGD 3

Block 4.5 Surgery

Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter
Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Warmadewa
2021
Journal Reading
• Background

• Epidemiology

• Risk Factors

• Causes

• Clinical Presentation

• Evaluation and Imaging

• Treatment

• Prognosis and Complications

Background

Kidney Stones

Urolithiasis

Nephro-
lithiasis
 Epidemiology

12-14% risk in men, 6% in women

Stone belt

Increased in ED visits and

hospitalizations
 Risk Factors

Systemic
Family history Warmer climate
conditions

High animal
Low fluid intake Medications
protein diet
Causes
 Clinical Presentation
• Unilateral flank pain (at night)

• Unable to find a comfortable position

• Dysuria

• Urgency

• Hematuria

• Nausea and vomiting

 Evaluation and Imaging

X-Ray CT Scan IVP

 Treatment
• Analgesia

• Hydration

• METs (alpha blocker, calcium channel blocker,

antispasmodic agent)

• Uretheroscopy

• Lithotripsy
Prognosis and Complications

Prognosis depends on :

• Stone location

• Stone size

• Degree of obstruction

Complications that might arise :

• Obstruction

• Infections
References
Corbo J, Wang J. 2019. Kidney
and Ureteral Stones. Emerg Med
Clin N Am: 37; 637–648.
Viewed 17 March 2021, from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
/31563199/
THANK YOU