EDEXCEL A LEVEL (> HODDER CEARN MOREHEATHER DAVIS, JANET DANGERFIELD, NICK GEERE, cost ae EU tel HODDER G HODDER [AN HAGHETTE Uk COMPANHachette UK’ policy isto use papers that are natural renewable and reeyelable products and made fom wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations ofthe country of origin, (Orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abington, Oxon OX14 ASE. Telephone: (44) 01235 827720, Fax (44) 01235 400401, Email ‘education @bookpoint.co.uk Lines are open fom 9 a.m.to 5 pim., Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour mesage answering service You can ako order through our website ww hodderedeation.couk ISBN:978 1 5104 2364 0 © Heather Davis, Janet Dangerfield, Nick Geers, Rose Jewell, Sue Pope 2018 First published in 2018 by Hodder Education, ‘An Hachetee UK Company ‘Carmelite House 50Victoria Embankment London ECAY DZ. sworhodderedscation.couk: Impression number 109 87 654321 Year 2022-2021 2020 2019 2018, All rights reserved. Apart fom any use permitted under UK copyright law no part of this ‘publication may be reproduced oF transmitted in any form of by any means, eletronic ‘or mechanical, including phoracopying and recording o held within any information sorage and retrieval sjstem, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence fom the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Further details of uch licences (Gor reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, wowwec, cok Cover photo © lash/123RFcom ‘Typeser in Integra Software Services Pvt. Ld, Pondicherry, India Printed in the UK by CPI Group Ltd A catalogue record for thistle i avaiable fom the British Library Mix Peper tom pte ESS sc c10s740Introduction v 1 Proof 1 2 Trigonometry 2 3. Sequences and series ee 4 S__Funelions —— ° 5 Differentiation 8 $ __Trigonometric functions a 10 7 Further algebra ee ae eta 8 Trigonometric identities _ 8 9 Further differentiation 14 10. Integration 16 11 Parametric equations i 19 12 Vectors Oe 2 13.__Differential equations ae ozs 1 Numerical methods i mw 18 Probability oe ie a 16 oe 17 Hypothesis testing es 18 Kinematics oe ee eo 19 Forces and motion a 40 20. Moments seeeeeteteriete eas 21 Projectiles oe _ __ erin Answers Full worked solutions and mark schemes are available online at woww-hoddereducation.co.uk/EdexcelMathsExamPractice‘This book offers more than 300 questions to support successful preparation for the new A levels in Mathematics. Grouped according to topic, the chapters, follow the content of Edexcel A level Mathematics Year 2. Each chapter starts with short questions to support retrieval of content and straightforward application of skill learned during the course.The demand gradually build through each ‘chapter, with the lter questions requiring significant mathematical thinking. and including connections to other topics. This reflects the likely range of styles of question in the live papers. Answers are provided in this book, and worked solutions and mark schemes to all questions can be found online at www.hoddereducation.co.uk/EdexcelMathsExamPractice ‘The data set referred to in some of the questions on statisties can be found at wwwocr.org.uk/qualifications/as-a-level-gee-mathematies-b-mei-h630- 1n640-from-2017/assessment/Proof 1. Find counterexamples to disprove the following statements, where a and ane real numbers @ Wa , then bef [1 mark] 2 For the statements, (li) about A and B, choose the most appropiate option fa. (bor [eh base blaee [c] neither [a] nor [b} In each case, justify your response @ Ax > 0; By 2 masks (i) Joh is pil; BJotn has good eyesight 2 mass (Gi) Aa quate equation has to dict rots; B the scriminant of the quadratic equation is non-negative [2 mask 3, Comment on the correetes ofthe steps inthe following e220 x(e-2)20=94500rN = 2; but this isa contradiction of x = 2= 0, a8 02 #0, 4 marks 4 Prove, or disprove the following statement “9876543210 isa mull of 6! [8 mark] 5 rove hat ther sno postive integer, such that w= S743, [7 marks} 6, Derive the quadkatic formula forthe oo ofthe equation aoe + e+ O,by completing the square (a #0). [4 marks 7 Prove that cos'@ + sin’O when 0) < @ < 90°, [4 marks} 8 Prove, or disprove, the following statement. WEN isa postive integer, then N(N + 2) is never a perfect square? [3 marks] 9 Prove that there is just one pair of positive integers that satisfy the equation (x — 2)(y + 3) = 6. [5 marks} 10 (i) Show that, if A= B, then BY => A" (where A" means “Ais not eeu. [5 marks] i) Show that, if BY = A',then A => B. [3 marks] (ii) Deduce that, to prove A € B, we can prove that A> B and A" => BY [4 marks}Trigonometry 1 Solve the equation sind = 0.25 for 0° < 0 < 0 {1 mark 2 Conver ( 315° co adians [1 mark (iy 24 rian to de (ak 3. Aector ofa circle has are length 20cm and area 160¢ Find the radius ofthe circle B onan] 4. Write down the exact value of vB x sin 315? x cos30°, [2 marks] 5A sector of a circle of radius 8m has are length 6m, Caleulace the area ofthe sector [8 mars] ‘ angle of 03d between them, CCaleulate the area ofthe ti [2 mans 7A circle has radius Hem A segment ofthe circle i formed by a chord oflength 12cm, CCaeulate the area ofthe segment. [4 mans 8 Solve the equation cosO= 0.43 for 90° < 0-< 360° [8 marks] z Fhe equation 9) Show that x= is solution ofthe sn zxem x [2 marks which Flv? [5 marks} 9 The curve y= 2°(2x ~ 3) has a minimum curning point at (1,—1) (@. (@)_ The curve is ranshated so that the minimum curving point is at the origin Find the equation of the translated curve, [2 marks) (b) The translated curve is then reflected in the x-axis so that the ‘minimum turning point becomes a maximum curing point. Find the equation of this reflected curve. [2 marks}8) (©) Explain why the function y=. 2x —3) does not have an inverse Function, [1 mark] (b) Give a suitable domain on which y=s2@x~ 3) does have an inverse function. [1 mark] 10 The graph of a continuous function y= ffx) passes through the points (0,3), 2,1) and 6-2). (What coordinates are known on each of the graphs of each of the following functions? @ -2) () y= 3s) (©) y=fs)~1 @ y=") [I mark] [1 mack] [1 mack] [1 mack] ii) What can be deduced about y =f") ifthe graph of y= fix) also pases through each of the following points @ 6.3) (&) G1) [1 mark] [2 marks} AL Ieis given that ffs) = 5x +2, g(x) = 322+ 1 and h(a) = 2" for x > 0. ( (a) Calculate the value of feb(). (b) Find the range of the function ghia). [1 mark] [2 marks] Gi) (a) Find and simplify algebraic expressions for f(s) and git) (b) Hence solve the equation fi 12 The graph shows y= Als) where x) = = constants # and ky where k > > (Where does the graph cross the axes? “ Find an expression for M'(), [3 marks] fis). [2 marks] 2=E for some postive LL [2 marks} [2 marks} (ii) Inthe case when a = 2 and k= 2,solve the equation PO) = ay [3 marks] 13 (i) Sketch the graphs of y= [+2] and y= |2x~4] on the (ii) Solve the inequality [1+ 2| > |2x—4] [3 marks] [4 marks] r Porn)Differentiation 4. What is the condition for a point of inflection on the function y= f(x)? [1 mark] 2 eis given that 92 Show sha fs) can be written in the form A+ B+ = how that Hy) cane writen in ee form Av + BA Ge + SP where A,B, C.D and mp. gare constants to be found. [Saar] 111 Find the binomial expansion of (8 ~ 32)! as far as the term in 3? [5 marks} Write the expression 38+! 4 4 54 single traction in its simplest form, = [2 marks] Given that (1-34) = 1432 ++. find a eubic approximation to S81 4 4 forsmall values of |x|. [2 marks] 7 \ge ertor in your approximation [2 marks} (i Calculate the absolute percent from part Gi 13 (@ Find a quadratic approximation for = 81+ 28) [2 marks} Tre (Gi) State the values of » for which the approximation is valid, [1 mark] (ii) For what positive values of is the absolute error in the approximation smaller than 7 4 marks} fi) Write 78 +3 46a sum of partial fnctions with 14.0) Write Ry ssa of pai 7 constant mumerators [3 marks] ;__dvt 5 Find the binomial expansion of 4° +3 up to and including the term in 3°. (+50) 3) [5 marks} For what range of values is the expansion in part (il) valid? [1 mark]Trigonometric identities 1 Use the result for sin(A + B) to prove that sin 28 inBcos8. [2 marks] 2eos?O = 1, [3 marks} 2. Use the resule for cos(a + B) to prove that cos20 3. Find the coord where 0 or ates of the maximum value of y = Reos(x ~ a), 180°. [2 marks} 4 Describe the transformations chat map dhe the graph of y = Reos(x ~ a) 13 marks} ph of y = cosx onto, 5 Solve an30 = und ford <0 4 marks] 6 Determine the exact value of sin75° ~ sin15* [4 marks] 7 Show that cos49 = 8cos‘@ ~ 80s" + 1 13 marks] 8G Express cosy ~ sinw in the form Reos(x +) where 05a = 180" [4 marks] Gi) Determine the minimam value of cos ~ sins [I mack] Solve cosse ~ sins = 0.1 for 0 x 360°. [4 marks] 9 Gi) Express 2sinx ~ 3eosx in the form Rsin(s ~ a2), Siena ery ore [amas] ‘i 1 Gi) A fanetion, £68) = Fea ga tS Feaeet defined on the incerval 0 < x < 2m, Find the coordinates of the minimum value in 0 O and 0 < y < when y= 1 [10 marks] 2Numerical methods 1 Show thatthe equation 33 ~x2— 3 =(0 has a root between and x= 2. [2 marks} 2. The curves y = e° and y = 4 — 4° intersect at the points where xeaandx=b, Show that the « coordinates of one of these points lies between 0.9 and 1.1 State the accuracy of the answer estimated at this stage. [3 marks] crosses the s-axis between 3. The finetion f(s x= L6and x= 17, Explain why a decimal search method might fal 60 find is. [1 mark] a 4. The trapezium rule is used to estimate the shaded area in this graph, y Is the estimate an underestimate or overestimate? [Justify your answer, [1 mark] 5 The vu of [' FFI oo be eit ‘Calculate an upper and lower bound for the integral, using four rectangular strips. [5 marks} 6 The graph shows the fianction fx) y Explain why the Newton-Raphson method may fail co find all of the roots of fl) [1 mark]7 The equation 3° 417-420 has a solution in the interval [1,2 (@ Show that v= {4-27 isa rearrangement of the equation. [1 mark] (ii) This spreadsheet shows the first steps in solving the equation using the rearrangement in part @) as an iterative formula, ry a a oo 125731 TRS 16101 Tig610r | 1207715 1207718 | 1205079 12050791 205687 205681 | 1205544 705540 | 1205575 1205575 | 1205568 (a) What starting value is used? [1 mark] (6) What formula is used in cell A3? [1 mark] (c) From the information on the spreadsheet, give the root to an accuracy of 4 decimal places and check that this is valid. [2 marks} 8 This spreadsheet is used to calculate the value of an integral using the trapezium rule with six strips. nN z c o h 5 B os] 2105] assis ie a[ 34138125 5 75] 302s] 180625: i 2] 34] vane i Z5|__z25| 138125 i 3 of oss12s ie Taa75 (8) What is the wideh of each strip? [1 mark] ‘State the formula in cell DS, [1 mark] Gi) Write down the estimated value of the integral [1 mark] 9 Sam is using the iterative formula to find a root of the equation x° = 47+ 2x4 2=0. Sam uses a spreadsheet and declares, afer the iterations shown, that the root must be 1.3111 to 4 decimal places. a z a z ES) 3) tam) ani 4[ an] sai Is Sum correct? | Sam justified in making that assertion? Justify your answers. [3 marks] = oo Ter}10 The equation In(x? +1) ~ 14 y (Show that one of the roots lies berween x= 0.1 and x=02. [2 marks} Gi) Using a change of sign method, determine this root to an accuracy of S decimal places, verifying that itis accurate to 3 decimal places. [5 marks} For each of the other roots, determine intervals of length 0.1, in which they le [2 marks] Gv) Explain clearly why a decimal search method may not succeed in finding all ofthe roots of this equation, [2 marks] 11 The function f(x) is defined by lx) = xe" ~ (@ Show that there isa root in the interval [0,1] [2 marks} Gi) Show that the equation x =e has the same solution as fx) =0. [2 marks} (Gi) Using the iterative formulae ,,, = € and x, =0, determine the root to an accuracy of 2 decimal places [4 marks} (Gv) Sketch the fimetions fix) = x and and show the frst four iterations on your graph. [3 marks] (¥) Explain why the formulae in part (ii) took many iterations to converge sufficiently to write down the root to 2 decimal places [1 mask] x (vi) Ifyou started with », = 1, would you have got to the answer in part bas Git) more quickly? Es Justify your answer. U1 mark] Fa 12 @ Use the trapezium rule with three strips to estimate the wae of You shold so des of our meted (sy Gi) Esablish, using a graph, whether your estimate is an [2 marks]13 The funetion fy) is defined by ffx) = 39 — 3441 (@ Show that the equation f(x) = 0 has a root in the interval [-1,-2} [2 marks} (i) Use the Newton-Raphson formula to show that an iteration formula to find the roots of fix) = 0 may be written as 4xo1 ., [5 marks mt ea [5 marks) Gi Find all ofthe roots to the equation fx) = 0 accurate to 2 decimal phees. {6 marks] 4A The height of the cross section of a tunnel a intervals of 2m are shown in the table ‘You may assume chat the wall of the tunnel are vertical for 3 at either side. of 2} 4]o]s] wf] a] 3 | 78] 96 | 104/107] 104] 96] 78] 3 (Use the trapezium rule with three ordinates to estimate the area of the cross-section of the eunnel. [2 marks} (i) Use the trapezium rule with nine ordinates to estimate the area of the eross-section of the eunnel. [2 marks} (ii) Which is che better estimate? Justify your answer [1 mark] 15 The curve y = ¢2* — 2x intersects the s-axis at two points (Show that one of these points isin the interval [0,1] and find the interval with consecutive integer endpoints that contains the other point of intersection, 15 marks} (ii) Show that the equation e* — 2x = 0 can be rearranged into the following forms. @ x= 22 [2 mars] (ii) Use these rearrangements to perform iterations to find the hwo Toots to an accuracy of 1 decimal place. [4 marks} iv) Show; on a diagram, the successive iterations that find the root in the interval [0,1] [2 marks] () Explain, in dee 16 Use the Newton-Raphson formula to find the solution to 80 2 de |, why both iterative formulae are needed. [4 marks] the equation xe" = 0. nal places. [7 marks] oo Ter}17 The velocity of particle, at time is given by v = 3cos' 0.54 14 (Using four rectangles in each ease, find a lower bound and. an upper bound for the distance travelled, in metres, by the particle in the frst seconds, [5 marks} Gi) Use the trapezium rule with five ordinates to estimate the distance travelled, in metres, in the first seconds [2 marks} (Gi) Hows could the estimate in part (i) be improved? [1 mark] 18 The equation s!—3°— 4-42 = 0 has ew foo, (Show thar the equation can be rearranged to give the iterative formula feta, [2 marks} (i) Find the root between 0 and 1,¢o an accuracy of 2 decimal places, sing this Formals, [2 marks} (ii) Show, using a diagram, how this formula Fail to find the other roo that sn [12] [2 marks} Gi) Use the erative Formula x,,, = f= +72 to determine the other oot to an accuracy of 2 decimal places. [2 marks] carProbability A Tio fir, six-sided dice are thrown together. Dis the event that both dice show the same number. Sis the event that the toxal ofthe two scores iss Show that $ and D are mutually exclusive, [2 marks] 2 The events A and Bare independent. P(A) = 0.6 and P(B) = 07. Find P(A UB) [5 marks] 3 Three children play a game in which they take it in turns to throw airing over a peg. ‘Xena goes first and has a probability of success of 0.5,Yolanda goes second with a probability of success of 4, nd Zac goes last with a probability of success of p Caleulate the value of p, given thatthe probability Zac is the ise «win on his first artempe, is 0.195, [3 marks] 4. Two events, A and B have probabilities p and 2p respectively ‘The conditional probability P(A|B) = & Find an expression in germs of p for the probabilities @ Pans) [2 marks] Gi) PAB. [2 marks] 5 ThisVenn diagram shows the probabilities for two events, A and B, and their intersections. Determine whether the events are independent, mutually exclusive or neither. [4 marks] 6 The tree diagram shows the probability of meeting a red light at ovo sets of traffic lights on the same road. on St ‘The probability of the first set being green is (4 ‘When the first set is green, the probability of the second set not being green is 0.3. ‘When the first set is nor green, the second set is equally likely to be green oF not Complete the tree diagram and calculate the probability of meeting a green light atthe second set. [4 marks}7 The two-way table shows the number of Year 11 students that study French and German ata school Which is more likely, that a French student is male, or that a male student studies French? [5 marks] 8 Events A and Bare mutually exclusive, Events A and C are also mutually excasive, Events Band Care independent You are given the P(B) = 4, (C) = 4 and PLAW BUCY = rs DrawaVenn diagram and eka PA) Usman} 9 A-college has 1090 students 635 of the students are female, 455 of the female students have long hair. 53 of the male students have long bair. (Draw aVenn diagram showing the two sets F = {female students} and L= {students having long hair}. [3 marks} Gi) A seucent is chosen at random, Calculate the probabilities of choosing (a) amale student [2 marks} (b) a female student with long hair [1 mark] (©) a female student, given that the student has long hair [2 marks) (@)_ a student with long hair, given that the student is female [2 marks] Gi) Show that che events ‘being female’ and “baving long hait? are not independent, [3 marks] 10 A football coach selects players for her squad by setting three tests which, experience shows, are independent A player is selected if they pass a least two of the three tests, “Test A has 2 90% pass rate, test B hasan 80% pass rate, and test pas rate has a 75% (@ Calculate the probability that a randomly chosen player passes v0 out of the three tess [ marks} Gi) Calculate the expected number of players to be selected from 50) players who have atrial [4 marks} Gi) Calculate the probability chat a player selected for the squad has passed all chree tests [2 marks}11 An art gallery trials a new piece of equipment that claims to be able «0 recognise a fake picture with 95% accuracy. ‘The gallery owners believe that only one in 200 of their paintings are fk. @ Complete the tree diagram. [2 marks} a arcs ee tes not correct < : ec pee 2 oO Gi) Calculate the probability that a picture will be recognised ae pa ap ceod a aa was toes aaa a is actually fake. [3 marks} = ou Peot ta2 Statistical distributions 1 The random variable X is normally distributed with mean 75 and variance 10. (Write down the standard deviation of X, [1 mark] (i) Calculate the probability that (a) x>85 [2 marks} (b) X< 80 [2 marks] (©) &) = 0.7, find the value of k, giving your answer to 3 significant figures [4 marks} The speed of cats on a stretch of motorway has a mean of 68mph with a standard deviation of S mph. One day, the fastest 8% of drivers we fined by the police. [Ar what speed did the police choose to fine drivers? You can assume that the speeds of cars are normally distributed [4 marks] xX NWI?) Given that P(X < 100) = 0125, find the value of 1, giving your ansiver to 4 significant figures. [4 marks] X~NGS, 0?) Given that P(X > 36) = 0.4, find the value of 6, giving your answer to 4 significant figures, {4 marks} A random variable Xhas a normal distribution XN(20, 3%). Sketch a graph showing this distribution Your sketch should show the position of the points of inflection. Shade the regions of the graph for which the values of X would be outliers. [4 marks} A random variable X has a normal distribution with mean 5 and standard deviation 1.2. Another random variable Yis defined by Y = 3X ~1 (Write down the distribution of Y. [3 marks) (i) Calculate the probability that ¥ exceeds 10. [2 marks) The distance that children in a PE class throw a beanbag is normally distributed with mean 4.8m and standard deviation 0.451. ‘The teacher gives gold stars to children who throw more than 5.4m, silver stars to children who throw more than 4m but less than 5.4m, and ‘I tried? stickers to the other children.For a class of 30 children, estimate how many of each colour star and stickers she awards (6 marks} 10 The mass of lettuces sold by a supermarket is normally distributed with ‘mean 560g and standard deviation 20g, (@ Find the probability that a randomly chosen lettuce weighs more than 595g, {2 marks} (i) A customer buys three lettuces. Calculate the probability chat each of them weighs more than 595g. (2 marks] Gif) How many letuces in a box of 24 would be expected to weigh less than 530g? [3 marks} 11,A doctor uses the formula w= 1.1x~ 100 to estimate the weight ofa child, w, in kg, ftom their height, x, in em. He assumes the heights of five year-olds are normally distributed with a ‘mean of 108cm and a standard deviation of 25m. (@ Explain why the doctor believes the mean weight of five year-olds is 18.8kg and find the standard deviation. [3 marks} (i) Use these values co estimate the 90th percentile for weight (the height below which 90% of the population lie). Give your answer in kilograms to 1 decimal place. {3 marks} 12 Bashira has researched information about the size of leaves of the chestnut oak tree and finds thar the leaves are between Oem and 22cm long, She assumes the leaf size fits a normal distribution, (@_ Explain why Bahira estimates the standard deviation to be approximately 2cm. (2 marks} (fi) Write down an estimate for the mean. [1 mark] (ii) Sketch a graph showing the distribution of lengths, and shade the area of the graph that represents the probability that a randomly chosen leafs less chan 15cm long. [3 marks} (iv) Using these values and a normal distribution, caleulate the probability that a randomly chosen leaf isles than. 15cm long. (2 marks} 13. A machine cuts lengths of cable from a roll. I is set so that the lengths of the pieces are normally distributed with ‘mean and standard deviation 0.5 em. ‘The machine produces cables that are supposed to be 2m long. What mean must be set so that 95% of pieces are atleast 2m long? Give your answer to 3 decimal places [4 marks} ‘The cut lengths are packed in boxes of 100, Gi) How many of the pieces, in each box, would be expected to bbe more than 202m long? [3 marks}14,A company producing car tyres advertises with the information that 90% of its tyres will lst at least 230000 km. 16 Elewhere in che information, che company tates thatthe average ditance before its tyres will need replacing is 28500km. (Calculate the seandard deviation for the life of a tyre [4 marks] (Gi) Calculate the probability that a tyre will ast 35.000km, [2 marks} 15 Eggs are sold in four sizes. ‘The table shows the weight range for each size. Each size band stars at the minimum weight and includes eggs up to, but not including, the maximum weight. Assume 25% of eggs in the UK fill into each category. very large 73 and over large 63-73 medium 53-63 small 53 and under (@ Find the mean and standard deviation of eggs in the UK. [4 matks] (i) Determine the ranges of values of weight for an egg to be considered an outlier. [3 marks] 16 A teacher believes about 3% of students achieved a Grade 9 in their GCSE, with the lowest Grade 9 achieved with 248 marks out of 300. ‘She also believes that 20% of students achieved a Grade 7 or above, with the lowest Grade 7 achieved with 159 marks. ‘She assumes that the marks fita normal distribution with mean 4c and standard deviation o ‘She uses the information about Grade 9 to obtain the equation H+ 188I0 = 248.5, 2 (Show how the teacher obtained this equation, [3 marks} 5 Cae ee ee 2 (Git) By solving the equations in parts @) and (i) simultaneously, find the 6 values of and 6. Give your answers to 4 significant figures. [2 marks] (Gv) Show that these values indicate that about 15% of seudents would obtain a mark less than zero. [2 marks] (v) What does this figure indicate about the assumptions that the teacher has made? [2 marks] 4Hypothesis testing 1. Explain the key feature of a scatter diagram that indicates that rank correlation, and nat the correlation coefficient, should be used, [1 mark] 2 A hypothesis testis carried out using the value of rank correlation. Which word should appear in the conclusion of the test coneation oF association? {1 mark] 3. This scatter diagram shows the body surface area (BSA) of a sample of patients plotted against their mass © ao aH 00 120 140 140 10 2m0 220 240 (State the feature of this scatter diagram that indicates that rank correlation should be used. [1 mark] (i) The graph-drawing software gives the value of 0.9863 for the rank correlation coefficient. The critical value for this sample size for a 2-tail hypothesis test at the 5% level is 0.3977 Perform the hypothesis test, stating your hypotheses and conclusions clearly. (5 marks} 4 This scatter diagram shows the ages of 11 people and their time spent ‘watching television in the lst week: 35cae 6 iv The graph-drawing software sates that the rank correlation coefficient is 0.2727. A hypothesis testis to be carried out to see if there is any association becween age and the time spent watching television, (Write down the mull and alternative hypotheses for this test. [2 marks) (i) The critical value for a 2-tal test at the 5% level for the rank correlation coefficient is 0.5874. ‘Complete the test, stating your conclusions carefully [3 marks] ‘This scatter diagram shows the height, in em, and age, in years, ofa sample of 35 pine tees: Aero we ye (Explain why the seatter diagram appears to be in vertical stripes [1 mark] (i) What feature of the scatter diagram indicates that rank correlation should be used as the basis of a hypothesis test? [1 mark] (ii) The graph-drawing software gives the value 0.8608 for the rank correlation coefficient. The critical value for a 1-tail test at the 1% level is 0.3139. Perform a hypothesis test to see if there is a postive association between the age and height of the tees [5 marks] 6 Maria sells ice cream fiom a van in the park every day in September. ‘This scatter diagram shows her sales and the maximum air temperature on ‘each day: g oa 7 Masia epertur/"C(Suggest a reason why the scatter diagram seems to have two distinct _groups of points [t mark] (ii) The correlation coefficient for this set of data is 0.3814, ‘The critical value for a 2-tal eest at the 5% level is 0.3610. Carry out a hypothesis test to see ifthere is evidence of any correlation between ice cream sales and maximum air temperature [5 marks] (ii) Maria claims there is proof of association between ice eream sales and maximum ai temperature Make two comments abour her claim, [2 marks} 7A hypothesis tests to be carried out to test whether the mean of a normal distribution is 14, The null hypothesis can be written as Hy := 14. Write down the three possible forms for the alternative hypothesis. [3 marks} 8 A random variable has a normal distribution N (qt, 0” A sample of size is taken from the population. Write down the distribution of the sample mean X [5 marks} 9. A.sample of size 10/is taken from a population that is normally distributed: swith standard deviation 2, ‘The null bypothesis is Hf, :41= 50 and the cest is carried out at the 10% significance level Write down the distribution of the sample mean X under the null hypothesis [2 marks} (Gi) Find he critical region for each of these possible alternative hypotheses (@) Hy: w>50 [2 marks} () Hy ws [2 marks} (© Hy: w #50 [2 marks} 10.4 popslation s normally distributed with mean 25 and stndand deviation 8 {A sample of size 100 i taken and the sample mean X foun Calculate the probabilities that [2 marks} [2 marks] [2 marks] 11 An athletics club introduces a new training regime to reduce 100m sprint times for its athletes ‘The sprint times were normally distributed with mean 13.58 and standard deviation After training, a sample of five athletes have a mean time of 12.5s. [Assume that the standard deviation has not changed s eC}iv cae 38 The coach performs a hypothesis test at the 5% significance level to see if the sprine times have reduced. (i) Write down the distribution of X, the sample mean, [1 mark] (Gi) Write down the null and alzernative hypotheses. [2 marks} (Git) Calculate the probability thatthe sample mean is less than 1255, [2 marks) (Gv) Complete the hypothesis tet stating your conclusions clearly 1B marks] 12. farmer believes the heights of wheat plants on his farm are normally distributed with mean 130em and standard deviation 10.em, He wants to test, at the 1% significance level, if growing wheat near to the road reduces the height of the plants A sample of 20 plants grown near the road have a mean of 125.5¢m. (Write down the null and alternative hypotheses that the farmer should use. [2 marks] (Gi) Find the critical region for this test. [3 marks] (ii) Complete the test, stating your conclusions clealy, [3 marks] 13 Arina weighs a sample of eight goldfinches on a remote island to sce if they are significantly different fiom European goldfinches, whose weights are normally distributed with mean 17g and standard deviation 1g, She uses H,,: 17 as her null hypothesis. (Write down the alternative hypothesis Arina should use. [1 mark] (Gi) Arina conducts her test at the 5% significance level Find the critical region for her test. [3 marks} ‘Avrina’s results, in grams, are 17, 18, 19.5, 15.5, 16, 16,19, 18. (ii) Complece the hypothesis test, stating the conclusion clearly, [4 matks] 14A teacher thinks that the attention span of the children in her class has a mean of 21 minutes with a standard deviation of 3 minutes, ‘She decides to test whether playing classical music in clas makes any difference to the children’s attention span. She measures the attention span of a sample of 10 children, while playing classical music, and finds the mean time is 23 minutes. (Write down the null and alternative hypotheses for her test. [2 marks} (ii) Write down the distribution of X, the sample mean, [2 marks} Gif) Complete the hypothesis test, stating your conclusions clearly [4 marks] 15 A golf club keeps records of the scores of its members and finds they are normally distributed with mean 87.3 and standard deviation 9. ‘A sample of 20 club members using a new type of putter have a mean score of 85.4 “Test, at the 5% significance level, whether the new type of putter has reduced their scores significantly. Assume that the standard deviation has not changed. [8 marks]Kinematics Use ¢ = 9.8ms unless indicated otherwise. A.A bull is shor vertically upwards It rises through a vertical height of 25metres before coming to rest. ‘What was the initial upward speed of the ball? [2 marks} 2A tain consists of an engine and eight carriages, each of length 21 m. The train accelerates ftom rest Rob is sitting on a seat on the platform. When the train starts to move, Rob is alongside the front ofthe train. Ie akes Ssevonds for the engine to pass Rob. The train stops accelerating when it reaches a speed of 28ms How long after starting does the train finish passing Rob? [6 marks] 3A particle sears st the origin and moves with velocity »=4~ F, where ¢ is the time in seconds fiom when the particle starts © move. ‘The particle stops when it returns to the origin. How long does it take for the particle o return to the origin? [4 marks] 4 A.stone is thrown from the top of a cliff with initial velocity 2i-+ 0.3}, It moves under gravity and lands in the sea after 1.635 seconds in fight. Let the initial position of the stone be Oi + ¥j and she final pos be M+ Oj. (Find the values of Nand Y. [3 marks] (ii) Afeer (seconds of ight (0) < 1< 1.635), the stone is at position sity, By eliminating ¢, find a quadratic fonction that describes the trajectory of the stone, [5 marks] (ii) How high is the stone above the sea when itis traveling at 45° to the horizontal? [5 marks] 5 At midday. a ship has position 34 + 11. measured fiom a coastguard sation, where i isa unit vector due east and j isa unit vector due north, The ship travels with constant velocity 43 ~ 3j for 2hours. (Calculate the position of the ship after 2hours. [2 marks} i) When is the ship closest to the coastguard station? [5 marks} 6 A particle starts at rest at the point (2,3,5). ‘The acceleration at time 1 seconds from the start is given by a= 0 — 84 ger Find the values of x and y when the position of the particle issit yj ~ 13k, [8 marks}Forces and motion 1. A box of weight 20N sits on a slope inclined at 10° above the horizontal. Find the component of the weight down the slope. [2 marks} 2 A boy uses light, inextensible rope to pull a crate of weight 250'N across a rough horizontal floor. ‘The rope makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Draw and label a force diagram to show the four forces acting on the erate [ marks} 3. A particle isin equilibrium under the action of forces = 9143), y= 21, Fy=i- Jj and Fy where i and j are unit vectors acting horizontally and vertically Find the force Fy, [2 marks] 4A force is Hi + JN in component form. Find the magnitude of the force and the angle between the force and the direction of the vector i. [2 marks} 5 A resultant force of ( "| N acts on a particle of mass 0.5kg, Find, in vector form, the acceleration of the particle. [2marks} 6 Force P has magnitude 6N and acts along a bearing of 080°, Force Q has magnitude 4N and aets along a bearing of 180° Find the magnitude of the resultant force P + Q [4 marks} 7 Box A, of mass 2kg, sits on a smooth horizontal table, A light, inextensble string connects box A to box B. Box B has a mass of 1g ‘The string passes over a small, smooth pulley at the edge of the table The string between box A and the pulley is horizontal, and the string between the pulley and box B is vertical, ‘The system is released from rest. Write down the equation of motion for box A and the equation ‘of motion for box B. [2 marks}8 A block of weight 40N sits at rest in equilibrium on a rough slope that is inclined at 10° to the horizontal (Draw a force diagram to show the forces acting on the block. (1 mark] (i) State the direction in which the frictional force acts, and caleulate its magnitude, (2 marks} ‘The block is then pulled up the slope using a string that is parallel to the slope ‘The frictional force is now 9IN and the acceleration of the block is ! ms (ii) Calculate the tension in the string. [3 marks} 9 Assaick of weight 2401N is suspended from a small, smooth pulley at B, through which a light, inextensible rope ABC passes ‘The rope is attached to a horizontal beam at A and C. ‘The horizontal distance between A and C is 3.6m and the length of the rope ABC is 4.5m. @ Calculate cos 6, where Bis the angle BAC. (2 marks} (i) Calculate the tension in the rope. (2 marks} 10. A sick of weight 240N is tied to two light, inextensible ropes: AB, of length 2.16m, and BC, of length 2.8m. The distance AC is 3.6m, (Show that the ropes are perpendicular. (1 mark] (i) Find the value of (@) cos BAC [1 mark] (b) cos BEA, (1 mark} ii) Find the tension in (@) rope AB {3 marks} (b) rope BC, [1 mark] ALA tractor of mass 3000kg pulls a loaded trailer of mass 1500kg. ‘The total resistance on the tractor is 800NN and the total resistance on the inal is 2000. (8) Write down the equation of motion for the trailer and hence caleulate the foree in the tow-bar when the tractor is moving horizontally at a steady speed. (2 marks} i) Find the drive force from the tractor’ engine when the tractor is moving horizontally at a steady speed. (2 marks} ‘The tractor stars to climb a hill that is inclined at @o the horizontal, where sin@ 0.02, ‘The acceleration of the tractor is 0.01 m: (Gli) Calculate the drive force. [5 marks} 12 Forces F NE, = 5) Nand Fy JN act on a particle of ‘mass mkg to give it an acceleration of 2jms *, (@ Find the value of. [3 marks] (i) Find the value of m. [1 mark] a ore) ect ra 4“13 A goods train, consisting of an engine of mass 70 tonnes and five trucks ‘each of mass 20 tonnes, s travelling ata constant speed of 12ms on level horizontal ground. The resistance on each truck is 500N, The last truck becomes uncoupled (disconnected). ‘The driving force and resistances on the engine and remaining trucks are unchanged. (What is the new acceleration of the train? [2 marks] ‘When the train has been accelerating for 3 seconds, the other ‘trucks become uncoupled from the engine, although they are still coupled to each other. (Gi) How far do these trucks travel from when they become uncoupled until when they come to rest? [4 marks] 14 The resultant of two Forces, P and Q, acting on a particle, is R. Force Q has magnitude 2P and force R has magnitude 1-4P. (Calculate the angle between the forces P and Q. [3 marks] (i) Find the magnitude of the resultant of P and -Q. [3 marks] Calculate the angle between P+ Q and P-Q 1B marks}Moments 1. The (positive) forces X, Y and Z ate applied to the light rod AC, as shown in this diagram, x y Zz 4 2 Explain why he sod cannot be in equilibrium, [3 marks] 2 In general terms, how can three equations be created ifa solid object is at rest? [3 marks] 3 Ifthe forces on an object are balanced, how would you decide about which point to take moments? (3 marks] 4. Three vertical forces, of XN, 30'N and 10 N, are applied to a light rod of length 1m, s shown in the diagram below. ‘The force of XN is applied at a distance of dm from the left-hand cend of the rod, and the force of 30'N is applied at the mid-point of the rod, XN on ‘What values must X and d have in order for the rod to be in equilibrium? [5 marks] 5. The (positive) forces X, Yand Zare applied to the light rod AC, as shown in the diagram below y 4 ad Assuming that the rod is in vertical equilibrium, show that the total moments about A, B and C are equal. [8 marks]6 Forces are applied to the light rod AC, as shown in the diagram below. oN oN Find the magnitude and line of action of the additional force that ‘would be needed in order for the rod to be in equilibrium. [7 marks]Projectiles Use g = 9.8ms ? unless indicated otherwise. Assume that air resistance is negligible and that the ground is level. 1. A projectile attains a certain range when projected at a speed U and angle 8 to the horizontal (where its fight starts and ends on the same horizontal level). [At what other angle will the same range be attained, assuming that the speed is unchanged? [3 marks) 2 A particle is projected from the ground at a speed Uand angle @ to the horizontal Which constant acceleration equations can be used to find (@) the maximum height reached by the particle [1 mark] i) the time taken to reach the maximum height? U mark] 3. State two modelling assumptions involving gravity for the motion of a projectile (2 marks} 4 State a disadvantage of using a particle model for che fight of a golf ball. (2 marks] 5 A particle is projected from ground level and takes T seconds to reach its maximum height, H. Use qwo constant acceleration equations to show that it takes a farther T seconds to reach the ground again. [4 marks] 6 For the same particle a in question 5, use a constant acceleration ‘equation to show that its speed on reaching the ground again isthe same as its initial speed (4 marks} 7. A particle is projected from ground level at an angle of 30°, and reaches its maximum height of 10m after 1 second Find its speed of projection [3 marks] 8. Give two methods for finding the range of a projectile (assuming that the required information is available). [4 marks] 9 A particle is projected from the ground, and the equation of its trajectory is y =~ 0.137, where x is measured in metres Find the angle to the horizontal at which the partile is projected [2 marks} (i) the horizontal distance travelled by the particle before it hits the ground: (2 marks} (Gli) the greatest height reached by the particle (2 marks} iv) the speed of projection of the particle (3 marks} (8) the speed of the particle when it hits the ground. [2 marks} 10 A particle is projected downwards at 30° to the horizontal, with a speed of 10ms, from a height of 20m, (Find the time in flight. [4 marks] (ii) Bind the speed ofthe particle when it hits the ground. [7 marks}LL Assume that ¢ = 10.0ms_ for this question. (Show that the Cartesian equation of the trajectory of a projectile, projected with a speed of ums at an angle of 6 is y= stan0 — 5 x cos. Coe A child is attempting to throw a ball over a wall of height 6m that is 10m away. The ball is thrown at a speed of ums" from a height of 2m, at an angle 8 to the horizontal, (Gi) Ifthe ball just clears the wal, use the Cartesian equation of trajectory to find an expression for i? in terms of an@. [3 marks} (iii) Find w when @ = 45° [1 mark] (Gv) By differentiating 12, or otherwise, find the minimum speed at ‘which the ball can be thrown, and the angle at which it must be thrown, in order for the wall to be cleared, [12 marks} 12.A golf ball is struck with a speed of ums at an angle of 30° to the ‘ground, and hits the ground again at a distance of Rm fiom the starting position. It takes T seconds to reach its maximum height. Derive an expression for (Tin terms of u and R [3 marks] (i) Tin terms of u and ¢ [3 marks] (Git) Tin terms of R and g, and hence determine how long the particle isin the air for iit lands 100m from its starting point. [6 marks]Friction 11 What determines the direetion in which a frictional force acts? [2 marks] 2. If'someone is attempting to push an object uphill, but the object does not move, what can be said about the direction of the frictional force? Explain your answer. [4 marks} 3 What range of values can the coefficient of friction take? {1 mark] 4 Ablock rests on a slope which is angled at 8° to the horizontal The coefficient of friction between the surface of the slope and the block isp. P, is the horizontal force that needs to be applied to the block to stop it ftom slipping down the slope. Pris the greatest horizontal force that can be applied without the block slipping up the slope. Find expressions for Py and P3, [15 marks} 5 A sledge of mass 20kg is being pulled along the ground at constant speed, with a force of PN, by means of a rope that is inclined at 30° to the ground. ‘The coefficient of friction between the sledge and the ground is 0.1. Other resistances to motion can be ignored, ‘The sledge can be treated as a particle (Draw force diagram for the sledge. [3 marks} Gi) Determine P, (7 marks} a1 Proof 1.) For example,a = ~2, 1 (Gi) For example, a= 1, b==1 2 (i) A&B, || is always positive or zero, 0 can only equal x when x is positive or zero; thus, the two statements are equivalent, (ii) A = B, John being a pilot implies he has good eyesight, whereas having good eyesight docs not imply you are a pilot. (ii) A Bas the two distinct roots come from a positive discriminant; ‘when the discriminant is zero, there is only one distinct root, so the reverse implication is not true. See worked solution, See worked solution, ‘See worked solution, See worked solution, 3 4 5 6 See worked solution 7 8 See worked solution ° Sce worked solution, 10 See worked solution, 2 Trigonometry 1s 2 de Gi) 440° 16cm 64.5°, 64.59, 295, (See worked solution, 10) 6r-r Gi) 2 11) See worked solution. Gi) See worked solution.12) 62.5em" ) 27.3em" (ii) 73cm? Ba 8 22 Gi) (a) Fels) = 15° +7, gla) = (= EM =-o.113,-0997 for example. ) are on y= £123). P+ 60+ 13120) Carve aoses yan a) and asia (eh ty 2enee 5 Differentiation 1 Shao 2 Iris maximum, dy & 3 Ea omd Th =0 4 2<0<2 8 1-12), 2-45) 9 <0 Gi) (0,10) 10) 0.000955ems" Gi) The shape of the cone may need to change, with radius to height ratio increasing, uw 3 1 12 mmin B31)14 (@) Radius decreases at sgh ems Gi) Surface area decreases at 2 15 See worked solution. 16 (i) See worked solution. Gi) (1.1) and 3,1) (i) PQ=4 6 Trigonometric functions 1 04nd 2 125° 3. Five solutions 4 Gi) G) aresing! (b) See worked solution, 145 nits 124) 14m Gs) Gi) (a) 94m (b) 121m Bs.) 13 ())_ See worked solution, Gi) 0 = 0,2014 (See worked solution, Gi) 7438 on ® 16" 167 16" 16 (ii) Three solutions 7 Further algebra diicd 2. See worked solution, 5 Ay t+ 4 1-2e4 3x7 4x" s+) 5 2x? a1 19709 Tr 7 L+x-3x' 45x" Nal for |x| <1 051, 017 os +3457 ty ds 15+ yg + age for |] <8 20 Dee ~5-Ix- 58-78 neon 1B) 6+5x-77 i) |x| <186 8 Trigonometric identities 1 Se ork soln 2 See work sohton 3 (aR) 4 Tansaion of y= oss (4) Stretch of y= cos(x—a) by a factor R parallel to the y-axis. 5 O=045.0 2 6 2 7. Sce worked solution 8 (i) V2cos(w + 45°) iy V2 (ii) 40.9° oF 229.1° 9G Viin(x — 0.983) i) w k+ U3 Gi) 2-ViB 10-3 A tants°=2-V3 In ie 120, x, 2x, 2, UE 13.) 2cos(x — 30°) Gi) v=75°, 348° See worked solution. 1 2k=3 32 4. See worked solution. dy _ ax 5 lee ot 79 Gi See worked solution. Gi) Intersection point (4,0). Rwy Gi See worked solution, 13 4na+9 145ce worked solution 10 Integration 13-1) 2 is 5 ~Lin(s-2}+e 6 Sce worked solution L 3 7 Asj= Leer) - 10 10 8 Info’ +3)) 9 See worked solution, 104 ieee AL Z(ins} +e 12:Sce worked solution, 13 320, 128 jy 21 a? leaded edeee 4 be ade ete 3 15 ar—Fsindr te 16) 3(e-1) BGs! +1)176 1st 2 19 () Sce worked solution. ‘iy 2 wy S wey |, 21) In(ins) +e Gi bo a4 11 Parametric equations 1 8 The domain of x is limited to x = 0. 9 @) pHy = ae 10 () sin’ 3r + 4eos' 2 Gi) See worked solution, 1 y Gi) (0,1) and (0-1) al ug +t Bo F+h=1 (i) aoso,(2.3) = ( “ wy ret15y 12 Vectors 1. 26,67.4° (3 s£) to the positive x-axis, 6 See worked solution. 7 280N Gs), 304° 3 sf) to the sais, 8 ° a=2Qand b=2 d=2b,c=b-a 10(-1.4,3.6) 13 Differential equations 1. @_ One where there are no derivatives higher than the first (ii) The constant of integration is let in the solution, so it refers to a family of curves. Additional information is used (o find the constant of integration, so it refers to one curve. 2. See worked solution. 9 ME. Lhan-1) 1021 bon tty= > TesUre 14 Numerical methods See worked solution 104 Discontinuity at ¥Z, mask root 1 2 3 4. Overestimate, concave 5. Lower bound 12.52; upper bound 17.60 6 Negative root cannot be found from an integer staring value, 7 (i) See worked solution Gi) @e it (b) =B2 (©) 1.2056 8 () 05 Gi) =0.5¢AS2*(C4+C5) (iy 7.4375, 9. Correct, but not justified as no check for change in sign, 10 (i) See worked solution. Gi) 0.106 (ii) [-0.1,0] and (0.7.0.8), (iv) There are two roots in [0,1],s0 decimal seatch fails to spot them. 11 () See worked solution. Gi) See worked solution, (ii) 0.57 Woy (v) The iterations form a cobweb and the gradient of g(x) is small and so the convergence is slow. (vi) Only by one step, as 1 is the second value.124) 1.458 os o Overestimate 13 (See worked solution. (i) See worked solution. 14) 109.6m Gi) 138.6m ii) Second, as mote strips. 15 @) See worked solution; [4,5} i) See worked solution, Gi) 0.7 and 4.3 aw) y (v) Starting with 4 for the rearrangement in @ results in the root in [0,1] Starting with 5 for the rearrangement in (J) results in divergent iterations Starting with 1 for the rearrangement in @ results in the root in [4,5]. Starting with 1 for the rearrangement in @) results in an error as In is undefined at 0. 16 -0.54, 1.49, 2.62 17 @) LB =2.3926, UB =6.0937 i) 4.2431m (ii) Use more stripsoo 18 (See worked solution. Iterations diverge from the root. ivy 1.70 15 Probability 1 2 3 4 See worked solution. os 0.05 @ 2e 3 Gi) £9 - 2p) Independent but not mutually exclusive. 038 French student being male is more likely (0.5939 > 0.5768). 0 Y455 @ Ry 455 b) 090 ce) 455 © oe 455 @) BS ii) PF 0) L) = 04174 PF) PL) 0.2715 So, the events are not independent. 10) 0.375 i) 45.75 iii) 6 win 114) Gi) 0.0545, 19 ey 218 16 Sta ‘al distributions 1 @ vio ii) (a) 00007827 &) 0.9831 (© 07717 2 @ 0.006210 i) 0.0879 339.8 Bsf) 4 75.03mph 5 115 6 3.987 “Ure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 25 24 25 26 2 2% 2 30% 8G) Y NU436) Gi) 0.8667 9 3 gold; 16 silver; 1'T eried” 10 (i) 0.04006 i) 6.428%10 Gis 11) 275kg Gi) 22.3kg 12 (i) Most of the population lies within three standard deviations from the ‘mean, so the range is approximately six standard deviations. Gi) 160m Gi) (Gv) 0.31 (0.3085 to 4 5.6) 13) 200.822em (i) 092 @ ap) 144) 6 4292km Gi) 0.0689 15) [= 63,0 = 1483 (i) X > 92.65 or X < 33.3416 (i). See worked solution, 159.5 = + 084160 iv) See worked solution, (v) Not normal distribution, 17 Hypothesis testing 4. Non-linear graph, 2 Association. 3) Points close to a curve, Gi) Hy There is no asociation between BSA and weight Hy : There is some association between BSA and weight. Reject mull hypothesis. 4 (Hy: There is no association berween age and time spent wate television, 1H, :Thete is some association between age and time spent watching television, (i) Accepe null hypothesis 5 (i) Agesall integers. (i) Non-linear ii) Reject mull hypothesis. 6 (i) Weekdays and weekends i) Reject null hypothesis. (ii) Maria uses asociation and not correlation which is not correct when correlation coefficient is used, Maria uses the word proof: however, she has made an inference not a proof. 7 Hy sw #14 2ell Hy oye < 14 Veil, > 14 Le 8 X- x(un £) 9 @ X-NG004) Gi (a) X > 50.8105244 (b) X < 49.1804756 (6) Either X < 489597032 or X > 510402968 104) 0.1056 Gi) 0.0062 Giiy0.0304 A X~N(I35, 045) Gi) Hy 24 = BSH, We BS Giiy9.0680, Gv) Not enough evidence to reject che null hypothesis4 12(@) Hy :g = 130,11): < 130 Gi) X < 124.798 (ii) Not enough evidence to reject the mull hypothesis 18@ Mwai (iy X < 16.30704808 oF X > 17.60295192 (Gli) Not enough evidence to reject the mull hypothesis 14@) Hy sm = 2H, spel Gi) X ~ e109) (ii) Enough evidence to reject the mull hypothesis, 15 Not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. 18 Kinematics 1 7ms 2. 1= 15seconds 3. 3.46seconds 4 @) X=327,¥= 1261 Gi) y= 12.61 + 0.153 1.2253" Gi) 12.4 above the sea 5) is Gi) T= 50minutes and 24seconds affer midday. 6 8 = 155.and y=3.972 19 Forces and motion 1 347N 2 Norm miso fam oor = eS 3 8+ 4j 4 V65 =8.06N, at 119.7° au) 6 661N 7 AT 0 ®9 @ 08 i) 200N 10 i) See worked solution. Gi) (@) cos BAC=06 (b) cosBCA=08 Gii)(@)192N (&) Man 11@ T 2000N i) F=2800N ii) 3730N Reo 20 Moments 1. If we take moments about B, we obtain dX + 247, which cannot equal zero. ‘Thus, the system cannot be in equilibrium. 2. The total forees on the object in two perpendicular directions will be zero This gives two equations.The total moment of the forees (about any point) will be zero, giving a third equation. 3. The net moment will be the same for al points. Choose the most convenient point: one at which an unknown force is applied, or such that the least number of forces appears in the expression for the net moment. 4X 0.25 5 Sce worked solution. 8 m from 6 Sm from A 21 Projectiles 190-8 2 @ aw +26 ie wat 3. The acceleration due to gravity is constant (¢he variation in vertical distance travelled is relatively small). The acceleration due to gravity has a constant direction (the horizontal distance traveled is reatively small) 4A particle does not rotate, but a golf ball usually does. 5. See worked solution.Ure 6 See worked solution, 4oms 8 Find the time in light and multiply by the horizontal component of the initial velocity Set the vertical displacement equal to zero in the Cartesian ‘equation of the trajectory. 9 i) O=45° (ii) 10m. (ii) 2.5m (iv) 9.90m: (v) 9.90ms" (ii) 22.2ms" 3s.) con tee (iii) 12.9ms* (iv) 12.2ms" (3 sf), 55.9° : 2g r= @T=% (ii) 3.435 22 Friction 1. Friction opposes motion or attempted motion. 2 It could be in either direction, or the frictional force could be zero. There are potentially three forces at work along the slope: the pushing force, the downhill component of the weight ofthe object, and the frictional force. ‘At one extreme, the object is on the point of moving uphill and the frictional force will act downhill. At the other extreme, the object is on the point of moving downhill, and the frictional force will act uphill. If the pushing force balances the downhill component of the weight of the “object, then there will be no frictional force. 3 p>0 glsind _j2cos0) p, - me(sind feos 4 sind cos sind 5a ' : oR 1 i 214N