Week No.

2
Principles of Ship handling
1. Explain what is draft?
It is the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the hull
(keel), with the thickness of the hull included.

2. Explain what is trim?

The trim of a ship describes its floating position in length direction, namely if
the bow or the aft of the ship is deeper submerged into the water.

3. Explain what is amidship?

Amidships is defined as the part of a seagoing vessel or an aircraft that is
between the bow (front) and stern (rear).

4. Explain what is the Length Between Perpendiculars (LBP)?

It is the length of a ship along the summer load line from the forward surface of
the stem, or main bow perpendicular member, to the after surface of the sternpost,
or main stern perpendicular member.

5. Explain what is Design Waterline (DWL)?

This is the length of the boat where it meets the water when loaded to its designed
capacity.

6. The results of Turning circle test were carried out to find the effect of ship's
trim and draft changes, what are they?
-If the ship's draft and trim became large, turning circle would be wide.
-If the ship's draft and trim became large, ship's drift angle would be small
-Trim by the head made slow ship's final speed when turning circle test
-By Z-test, the deeper draft and trim by the stern made small OSA. Small OSA means
strong ship's stability.

7. What do you mean by Mean draft of the vessel?

A ship's true mean draft is measured at the centre of flotation and may not be
equal to the average of the drafts forward and aft.

8. What is the density of fresh water and seawater?

Density of freshwater is 1 g/cm3 while seawater is 1.0273 g/cm3

9. Is the density of fresh water and seawater is affected by the draft of the
vessel, if Yes, why?
Yes, because the ship floats at a level where the density of the submerged portion
is less than the density of the water it displaces.

10. When the vessel is trimmed by the stern, the tactical diameter of turn is
increased or decrease and why?
increase because the vessel will steer more easily

11. When the vessel is trimmed by the head, the tactical diameter of turn is
increased or decreased and why?
decreased because the vessel will become difficult to steer