Perancangan Struktur Beton 1 Concrete Design 1: Outline of Presentation

04/09/2019
DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK SIPIL
ENCV600101
Perancangan Struktur Beton 1
Concrete Design 1
Tim Dosen Struktur Beton 1
Dr., Dipl.‐Ing., Nuraziz Handika, S.T., M.T., M.Sc.
1
2017/2018
Outline of presentation
Introduction
Intro – Concrete Structure Design
Safety and Design
Material Properties
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04/09/2019
Introduction
Safety and Design
Material Properties
Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material
Topics
• Basic concept, characteristic of stress‐strain in concrete and steel
concrete compressive strength and its evolution.
• Limit states design concept, Whitney’s stress block, single
reinforcement
• ratio of max and min reinforcement
• Double reinforcement
• T‐shaped beam, ratio of max and min reinforcement
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Expected Learning Outcomes Kurikulum 2016
Course Learning Outcomes WA2 WA3 WA10 WA9
Bobot
Pantau Pantau Pantau Peng. Bel.
Mampu menganalisis kekuatan dan merancang balok
1 beton bertulang dengan mempertimbangkan C4 C5 30%
serviceability
Mampu menganalisis kekuatan dan merancang pelat
2 beton bertulang dengan mempertimbangkan C4 C5 10%
serviceability
Mampu menganalisis kekuatan dan merancang
3 C4 C5 25%
kolom beton bertulang
Mampu menganalisis kekuatan dan merancang
4 C4 C5 15%
Pondasi Setempat beton bertulang
Mampu mengaplikasikan konsep disain pada beton
bertulang dalam mendisain bangunan sederhana 2
5 C4 C5 C3 C3 20%
lantai dan menyajikan hasil disain dalam laporan
disertai gambar kerja
Total = 100%
References
No Penulis Tahun Judul Penerbit
Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and
1 MacGregor, J.G, 2012 Prentice‐Hall, 2012.
Design, 6th .edition
Beban minimum untuk perancangan Badan Standarisai
2 SNI 1727 : 2013 2013
gedung dan struktur lainnya nasional
Persyaratan beton struktural untuk Badan Standarisai
3 SNI 2847 : 2013 2013
bangunan gedung nasional
Tata Cara Perencanaan Ketahanan
Badan Standarisai
4 SNI 1726 : 2013 2013 Gempa untuk Struktur Bangunan
nasional
Gedung dan Non Gedung
5 Wahyudi & Syahril A.R 1997 Struktur Beton Bertulang Gramedia
Hard Copy  Ujian
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Scoring
Nomor
Jenis Assessment Total
1 2 3
1 UTS 27% 27%
2 UAS 40% 40%
3 Quiz Sumatif 8% 8%
4 Tugas Desain 25% 25%
5 Tugas Gambar
Total = 100%
Books:
• James MacGregor: ‘Reinforced Concrete, Mechanics and Design’, Third Edition,
Prentice‐Hall International, 1997
• Constantin Avram, et al: Concrete Strength and Strains, Development in Civil
Engineering,3 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1981
• SNI 2847:2013 Persyaratan Beton Struktural untuk Bangunan Gedung. Badan Standar
Nasional: 2013.
• SNI 1727:2013 Beban Minimum untuk Perencanaan Bangunan Gedung dan Struktur
Lain. Badan Standar Nasional: 2013.
• SNI 1726:2012 Tata Cara Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Struktur Bangunan
Gedung dan Non Gedung. Badan Standar Nasional: 2013. 7
Introduction
Safety and Design
Material Properties
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• Reinforced concrete structures, availability :
 Steel bar
 ingredients: gravel, sand, and cement
 Simple skill to produce concrete
• Reinforced Concrete Structures:
 Bridges  Radio TV Tower
 Buildings  Offshore Structure Oil and Gas
 Basement  Dams
 Water tank
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Bridges
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Buildings
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Buildings
Brunswick Building
Transfer Girder
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Concrete Truss Tube:
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Shell Roof
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Shell Roof
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Tower: TV/Radio
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Offshore
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RC structures elements
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RC structures elements
Flat plate and Flat slab
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• Each structure respond in
different manner as it is
subjected to different load.
• Geometrically from its
structure, the responses of
structure can be linear or
non‐linear.
• Material properties,
structure can be either
elastic or inelastic.
• The response of structure
depends on time,
temperature and
environment condition.
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The progressive collapse of the middle

portion on this building in Baileys
Crossroads, caused by premature formwork
removal, resulted in 14 fatalities. Courtesy of
the National Institute of Standards and
Technology.
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1985 Mexico City Earthquake
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Mechanical properties of Reinforced Concrete (RC)
 Concrete strong in compression but weak in tension
 Plain concrete beam, fails very suddenly and completely when the first crack
forms
 Reinforced concrete beams
 Pre‐stressed concrete beams
• Responses of structures due to external load, can be seen from the behavior of
structure.
• By understanding structure’s behavior, we can predict:
• Deformation due to external load
• Collapse mode
• Load capacity before collapse
• Safety factor that can be used so the collapse can be prevented.
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Example for some RC structure
(a) Beam and loads
C
(b) Stresses in a plain concrete
T
C
(c) Stresses in a RC beam
T
Reinforcing bars
(d) PC beam
F
C
(e) Internal forces of PC beam

C
a
F
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Advantages of RC
 Economical
 Suitability of material for architectural and
structural function
 Fire resistance
 Rigidity
 Low maintenance
 Availability of materials
25
Disadvantages of RC
 Low tensile strength
 Necessity to use forms and shoring
 Relatively low strength per unit weight or
volume
 Time dependent volume change
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Formwork and Shoring
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Introduction
Safety and Design
Material Properties
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Limit States in Concrete Structure Design
Limit States:
When element of structures are changing under some circumstances
and it becomes less than before (deflected, cracked, change.. ) it can be
said that it reaches its limit states.
Three groups:
1. Ultimate limit states
2. Serviceability limit states
3. Special limit states
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Limit States dan perancangan beton bertulang

1. Ultimate limit states:
Failure of a structures, partially or entirely.
The possibility of occurrence must be very small because it may ba
very dangerous for life.
Ultimate may be one of the following:
(a) Passing equilibrium condition
(b) Rupture: flexure, shear failure
(c) Progressive collapse
(d) Plastic mechanism
(e) Instability
(f) Fatigue
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2. Serviceability limit states:
Disturbance on structures’ function but no failure occurs. It has more
possibility to occur and less fatality effect.
(a) Over deflection: malfunction, unacceptable visually, failure
on non structural element, malfunction of drainage system on the roof
that may result in worse case.
(b) Large crack opening: leakage, corrosion, concrete gradual
deterioration
(c) unwanted vibration: vibration of the floor laterally,
torsional of building may disturb building users’ activities.
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3. Special limit states:
Damage or failure due to abnormal condition, abnormal
loading that may include:
(a) damage or failure due to massive earthquake
(b) structure defect due to fire loading, explosion or crash/
punching load
(c) Structure effect due to deterioration or corrosion
(d) Long‐term physical or chemical instability
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Limit States Design
Limit States Design Process:
1. Identify all potential failure modes
2. Penentuan tingkat safety yang dapat diterima terhadap
setiap limit states: Building code, Load Factor,
Loading combination, Resistance factor
3. Pertimbangan perancang terhadap limit state yang
significant:
(a) Proporsi member terhadap Ultimate limit states
(b) Pengecekan terhadap Serviceability limit states
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Limit States Design
Basic Design Relation ship
Resistance  load effect

Rn  1S1   2 S 2  
M M n   D M D   L M L  
V Vn   DVD   LVL  
P Pn   P PD   L PL  
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Limit States Design
w
Wl l
w
Wdd
BendingMoment
Bending Moment
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Safety of structure
Three reasons why safety factor (e.g. load and resistance) is a must in
structural design.
• Variability in resistance
(a) Variability in concrete and reinforcement resistance
(b) Difference in dimension in as‐built drawing
(c) the effect of simplification in decreasing structure’s resistance
• Variability in loading application
• Failure consequences
a) The cost of cleaning and rebuilding the structures and its contents
b) Potential loss of life
c) The social cost of loss of time, revenue and loss indirectly
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Beam failure moment calculation and experimental
results (fc’ > 2000 psi)
x = 1.05
50
= 0.105
of test
Number of test
Number 40
30
112 Tests
20
10
0,80 1,0 1,2 1,4

x=Mtest/Mn
x = Mtest / Mn
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Frequency distribution of sustained component of
live loads in offices
0,80 0,80
0,60 0,60
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
0,40 0,40
0,20 0,20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Load intensity (psf) Load intensity (psf)
Load intensify (psf) Load intensify (psf)
(a) Area = 151 ft2 (b) Area = 2069 ft2

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Probabilistic calculation of safety factors
• R, distribution of resistance population
• S, max distribution of load effect
• 45º line correlates the load effect
• Combination of S & R, exactly beyond the 45º line, results
in failure
• S1 & R1 causing the failure
• S2 & R2 safety combinations
• Probability of failure can be decreased by increasing the
resistance, translate the R to the right or decrease the
dispersion.
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Safe and unsafe combinations of loads and
resistances
R
re
S=
ilu
: Fa
R
S>
afe
1 R:S
S1S1 S<
Load Effect, S
Load effects, S
S2S2 2
RR2
2
R1R1
Resistance, R
Resistance, R
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Safety margin, probability of failure, safety index
• Y=R‐S, Safety margin
• Failure = ‐ value
• Probability of failure, Pf =
probability [Y <0]
• Mean value of Y, Ÿ and standard
y
deviation σy
• Ÿ=0+βσy, where: β=Ÿ/σy =safety
Frequency
y
Frequency
index
0 Y= R- S
P[(R- S) <0 ] = shaded area = Pf Safety margin
Safety margin
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Ultimate limit states design based on SKSNI
SKSNI pasal 11.1.1 & 11.1.2 regulates limit states design:
• 11.1.1 Struktur dan komponen struktur harus direncanakan hingga
semua penampang mempunyai kuat rencana minimum sama
dengan kuat perlu, yang dihitung berdasarkan kombinasi beban
dan gaya terfaktor yang sesuai dengan ketentuan tata cara ini.
• 11.1.2 Komponen struktur juga harus memenuhi ketentuan lain
yang tercantum dalam tata cara ini untuk menjamin tercapainya
perilaku struktur yang cukup baik pada beban kerja.
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Factored load (SNI‐2847:2014) new
U=1,4 D (9‐1)
U=1,2D+1,6L+0,5(Lr or R) (9‐2)
U=1,2D+1,6(Lr or R)+(1,0L or 0,5W) (9‐3)
U=1,2D+1,0W+1,0L+0,5(Lr atau R) (9‐4)
U=1,2D+1,0E+1,0L (9‐5)
U=0,9D+1,6W (9‐6)
U=0,9D+1,0E (9‐7)
Note:
(a) Faktor beban hidup L dalam Pers. (9‐3) sampai (9‐5) diizinkan direduksi sampai 0,5
kecuali untuk garasi, ruang publik, dan semua luasan dimana L > 4,8 kN/m2;
(b) Bila W beban angin tingkat layan, 1,6W harus digunakan sebagai pengganti dari 1,0W
dalam Pers. (9‐4) dan (9‐6), dan 0,8W harus digunakan sebagai pengganti dari 0,5W
dalam Pers. (9‐3)
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Beban Terfaktor, Kekuatan Perlu new

(SNI‐2847:2013)
Pengaruh regangan sendiri: 1,0T
Pengaruh fluida, F: 1,4F pada Pers. (9‐1) dan 1,2F pada Pers. (9‐2) s/d (9‐5), dan
(9‐7)
Tekanan tanah lateral:
• Bila H bekerja sendirian atau menambah pada pengaruh beban lainnya, harus
disertakan dengan faktor beban sebesar 0,9;
• Bila pengaruh H permanen dan melawan pengaruh beban lainnya, harus
disertakan dengan faktor beban 0,9;
• Bila pengaruh H tidak permanen tetapi, bila ada, melawan pengaruh beban
lainnya, H tidak boleh disertakan.
Gaya jacking gaya prategang:
Untuk desain daerah angkur pasca tarik, faktor beban sebesar 1,2 harus
diterapkan pada gaya jacking, gaya prategang maksimum.
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Load (Beban, SNI 2847:2013)
• D = Dead Load
• L = Live load
• Lr = (Live) roof load
• R = rain load
• W = wind load
• E = earthquake load
• H = soil pressure
• F = fluids pressure
• T = foundation settlement, creep, concrete expansion,
delta temperature.
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Factor Resistance, Kuat Rencana new
Penampang terkendali tarik (20.3.4) φ=0,90

Penampang terkendali tekan (10.3.3)
‐ Komponen struktur dengan Tulangan spiral 0,75
‐ Komponen struktur lainnya 0,65
‐ Transisi antara terkendali tarik dan tekan:
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new
Variasi ϕ dengan regangan tarik neto dalam baja tarik terluar, εt, dan

c/dt untuk tulangan Mutu 420 dan untuk baja prategang
ϕ=0,75+(εt-0,002)(50)
0,90
Spiral
0,75 ϕ=0,65+(εt-0,002)(250/3)
Lainnya
0,65
Terkontrol Transisi Terkontr
tekan tarik
εt=0,002 εt=0,005
c/dt=0,600 c/dt=0,375
Interpolasi pada c/di : Spiral ϕ=0,75+0,15[(1/(c/dt)-(5/3)]
Lainnya ϕ=0,65+0,25[(1/(c/dt)-(5/3)] 47
Shear and Torsion φ=0,75
Support on concrete 0,65
Daerah angkur pasca tarik 0,85
Model strat dan pengikat, da strat, pengikat, daerah pertemuan (nodal), dan daerah
tumpuan dalam model tersebut 0,75
Penampang lentur daam komponen struktur pratarik dimana penanaman strand
kurang dari panjang penyaluran (12.9.1.1)
(a) Dari ujung komponen struktur ke ujung transfer 0,75
(b) Dari ujung panjang transfer ke ujung panjang penyaluran phi boleh ditingkatkan
dari 0,75 sampai 0,9
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49
new
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new
Untuk struktur yang tergantung pada dinding struktur pracetak menengah dalam KDS
D, E, atau F, rangka momen khusus, atau dinding struktur khusus untuk menahan
pengaruh gempa, E, ϕ harus dimodifikasi sebagaimana yang diberikan dalam (a)
sampai (c):
(a)  =0.60 untuk geser pada komponen struktur penahan E gempa yg kuat geser
nominalnya < gaya geser yg timbul sehubungan dgn pengembangan kuat lenturnya
nominalnya;
(b) Untuk diafragma, ϕ untuk geser harus tidak melebihi ϕ minimum untuk geser
yang digunakan untuk komponen vertikal sistem penahan gaya gempa utama;
(c)  =0.85 untuk penghubung (joint) dan balok kopel bertulang diagonal
Dalam pasal 22, ϕ harus sebesar 0,60 untuk lentur, tekan, geser, dan tumpuan beton

polos struktural
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Steel reinforcement bar new
Nilai fy dan fyt yang digunakan dalam perhitungan tidak boleh

melebihi 550 Mpa, kecuali untuk baja prategang dan untuk
tulangan transversal dala 10.9.3 dan 21.1.5.4;
Dalam pasal 11.4.2, 11.5.3.4, 11.6.6, dan 18.9.3.2, nilai

maksimum fy dan fyt yang boleh digunakan dalam desain adalah
420 Mpa, kecuali bahwa fyt sampai dengan 550 Mpa boleh
digunakan untuk tulangan geser yang memennuhi persyaratan
ASTM A1064M.
Dalam 19.3.2 dan 21.1.5.2, kekuatan leleh disyaratkan maksimum

fy adalah 420 Mpa pada cangkang, pelat lipat, rangka momen
khusus, dan dinding struktur khusus.
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Earthquake structure design new
Pasal 23 Struktur Tahan Gempa

• 21.2 Rangka momen biasa
• 21.3 Rangka momen menengah
• 21.4 Dinding struktur pracetak menengah
• 21.5 Komponen struktur lentur pada Sistim Rangka Momen Khusus
• 21.6 Komponen struktur rangka momen khusus yang dikenai beban lentur dan aksial
• 21.7 Joint rangka momen khusus
• 21.8 Rangka momen khusus yang dibangun menggunakan beton pracetak
• 21.9 Dinding struktural khusus dan balok kopel (coupling)
• 21.10 Dinding struktur khusus yang dibangun menggunakan beton pracetak
• 21.11 Diafragma dan rangka batang (truss) struktural
• 21.12 Pondasi
• 21.13 Komponen struktur yang tidak ditetakan sebagai bagian sistem penahan gaya gempa
53
Analytical Procedure Start
and Design Architectural
Lay out
Investigasi
Material
Seleksi Preliminary Height, Story
Selection Structural Systems Span, Loading, Soil Cond.
Alternatives
Design Criteria
Appropriatness Selected Structural
Economy System
Maintainability
Preliminary size
Code Loading Case 1 Structural BC

Modelling
2
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1
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Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept

1
2
Structural Analysis
Static
Analytical Procedure Dynamic
and Design Loading
Combinations
Aesthetics
Design Criteria Members
Construcability
Code design
Maintainability
Strong-Column-weak-Beam Capasity
Ductile Design
Tender Documents:
Drawing
Specifications
BQ, List, Cost
55
Construction
References
1. James MacGregor: ‘Reinforced Concrete, Mechanics and Design’,
Third Edition, Prentice‐Hall International, 1997
2. Syahril A. Rahim: ‘Perancangan Struktur Gedung’, 2003, Jurusan Sipil FTUI
3. __________, ‘Tata Cara Perencanaan Struktur Beton Bertulang untuk
Bangunan Gedung’, SK‐SNI‐03‐ 2847‐2002, BSN
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Introduction
Safety and Design
Material Properties
57
Material : Concrete
• Concrete is a composite composed of aggregate, generally
sand and gravel, chemically bound together by hydrated
Portland cement
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Strength of Concrete
Mechanism of Cracking and Failure in Concrete Loaded in
Compression
Stress-strain curves for concrete loaded in uniaxial

Compression
59
Effect of Sustained Loads
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Compressive Strength of Concrete
• Uniaxial compressive strength as measured by a
compression test of a standard test cylinder this test is
used to monitor the concrete strength for QC or
acceptance purposes
• Standard compressive strength tests:
Cylinder 150 mm in diameter by 300 mm high, cured, and
tested in accordance with ASTM Standards C31 and C39
• Statistical Variations in Concrete Strength
63
Statistical variations in concrete strength
n
Mean value: x i
x i 1
n
n
 (x  x) i
2
Standard deviation s i 1
n 1
s
Coefficient of variation V
x
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Distribution of Concrete Strength
n=176 tests
Mean values=3940 psi
Standard deviation s=615
psi
Coefficient of variation:
V=615/3940=0.156 or
15.5%
65
Normal frequency curves for coefficient of variation of 10, 15, and 20 percent
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Building code definition of Compressive Strength
•The specified compressive strength, fc’, is
measured by compression tests on 150 mm
x 300 mm, cylinder tested after 28 days of
moist curing
•The required mean strength of concrete, fcr’
must be at least (SNI)
or
f cr'  f c'  1,34 s
f cr'  f c'  2,33s  3,5 MPa
67
Tabel 4 SNI Faktor modifikasi untuk deviasi standar jika jumlah pengujian kurang dari 30 contoh
Jumlah pengujian Faktor modifikasi untuk deviasi

standar
Kurang dari 15 contoh Gunakan Tabel 5
15 contoh 1,16
20 contoh 1,08
25 contoh 1,03
30 contoh atau lebih 1,0
Catatan:
Interpolasi untuk jumlah pengujian yang berada di antara nilai-
nilai di atas 68
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Tabel 5 SNI Kuat tekan rata‐rata perlu jika data tidak tersedia untuk
menetapkan deviasi standar
Persyaratan kuat Kuat tekan-rata-rata

tekan, fc’ MPa perlu, fcr’ MPa
Kurang dari 21 fc’+7,0
21 sampai dengan 35 fc’+8,5
Lebih dari 35 fc’+10,0
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Factor affecting concrete compressive strength
• Water‐cement ratio
• Type of cement
• Aggregate
• Moisture conditions during curing
• Temperature conditions during curing
• Age of concrete
• Maturity of concrete
• Rate of loading
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Effect of type of cement on strength gain of concrete
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Effect of moist‐curing condition
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Effect of temperature during the first 28 days on the strength of
concrete
73
Age of concrete
ACI Committee 209:

Moist cure at 70º F
 t 
f c'(t )  f c'( 28)  
 a  bt 
Type I cement: a=4 b=0,85

Type III cement a=2,3 b=0,92
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Maturity
n
maturity  M   Ti  10ti 
i 1
Ti = temperature in Fahrenheit during the ith interval

ti = number of days curing at temperature
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Normalized compressive strength versus maturity
(Referensi1)
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Tensile strength of Concrete
Modulus of rupture:
Standard a beam of plain concrete 150 x150 x 750 mm
is loaded in flexure at the third point of 600 mm span until it
fails due to crack
6M
fr 
bh 2
where: M= moment
b = width of specimen
h= overall depth of specimen
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Tensile strength of Concrete
Split cylinder test:
2P
f ct 
ld
where: P=maximum applied load
in the test
l=length of specimen
d=diameter of specimen
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Relationship between:
compressive & tensile strength of concrete
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Relationship between :
compressive & tensile strength of concrete
The mean split cylinder test: f ct  6.4 f c' (psi)
(psi)
The mean modulus of rupture: f r  8.3 f c'
ACI sec 9.5.2.3 (SNI 11.5.3) defines the modulus of rupture for
use in calculating deflection as
f r  7.5 f c' (psi) f r  0,7 f c' (MPa)

A lower value is used in strength calculation (ACI Sec. 11.4.2.1)
And SNI 13.4.2.1:
f r  6 f c' (psi) f r  0,5 f c' (MPa)
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Strength under biaxial loadings
Biaxial stresses
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Strength under biaxial loadings
Strength and modes of failure of concrete subjected to biaxial stresses
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Strength under triaxial loadings
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Mech. Properties of Concrete:
Typical concrete stress‐strain curves in compression
(Referensi1)
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Stress‐strain curves for normal‐weight concrete in
compression
 The initial slope of the curves increase with in increase in compressive
strength:
Ec  wc  0,043 f c
1, 5 '
(MPa)
Ec  4700 f c
' Untuk beton normal
 The rising portion of the stress‐strain curves resembles a parabola with
its vertex at the maximum stress
 Strain, ε0, at maximum stress increase as the concrete strength
increases: 0.0015‐0.003
 The slope of the descending branch tend to be less than that of the
ascending branch for moderate strength concrete. This slope increases
with an increase in compression strength
 The maximum strain reached, εcu, decreases with an increase in
compressive strength
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Mech. Properties of Concrete:
Analytical approximation to the compressive stress‐strain curve for concrete
(Referensi1)
86
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Compressive stress‐strain curves for cyclic loads
87
Mech. Properties of Concrete: Poisson’s Ratio
 At stresses below the critical stress: varies
from about 0,11 to 0,21 and usually falls in
the range 0,15 t0 0,20
88
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Time‐dependant volume change
Shrinkage
Creep
Thermal expansion
Stresses, cracking, or deflection
89
Shrinkage of an unloaded specimen
90
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Elastic and creep strains due to loading at time, t0
and unloading at time t
91
Behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature
Compressive strength of concrete at high temperatures
92
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Reinforcement
• Concrete strong in compression but weak in
tension
• Steel bars or wires that resist the tensile stresses
• Type of steel reinforcement:
‐ Hot‐rolled deformed bars
‐ Hot‐rolled un‐deform bars
‐ Wire fabrics
• Es=200000 MPa Es=29 x 106 psi
93
Reinforcement: Hot‐rolled deformed bars
94
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Reinforcement: Stress‐strain curves for reinforcement
95
Reinforcement:
Distribution of mill test yield strength for grade 60 steel
(Referensi1)
96
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Strength of reinforcing steels at high temperatures
97
References:
1. James MacGregor: ‘Reinforced Concrete, Mechanics and Design’,
Third Edition, Prentice‐Hall International, 1997
2. Constantin Avram, et al: Concrete Strength and Strains, Development in
Civil Engineering,3 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1981
3. ________________, Persyaratan beton struktural untuk bangunan gedung,
SNI 2847:2013, Badan Standarisai nasional
98
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Perancangan Struktur Beton 1 Concrete Design 1: Outline of Presentation

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04/09/2019

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK SIPIL

Tim Dosen Struktur Beton 1

Intro – Concrete Structure Design

Intro – Concrete Structure Design

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Intro – Concrete Structure Design

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

The progressive collapse of the middle

1985 Mexico City Earthquake

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

(a) Beam and loads

(e) Internal forces of PC beam

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Intro – Concrete Structure Design

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Limit States dan perancangan beton bertulang

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Limit States dan perancangan beton bertulang

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Limit States dan perancangan beton bertulang

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Resistance  load effect

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

0,80 1,0 1,2 1,4

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

(a) Area = 151 ft2 (b) Area = 2069 ft2

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Beban Terfaktor, Kekuatan Perlu new

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Factor Resistance, Kuat Rencana new

Penampang terkendali tarik (20.3.4) φ=0,90

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Variasi ϕ dengan regangan tarik neto dalam baja tarik terluar, εt, dan

Introduction Conc. Struct Design Concept Material

Factor Resistance, Kuat Rencana new