Acknowledgement We wish to express our profound thanks to all those who helped us in making this mini project a reality. Much needed moral support and encouragement was bestowed on numerous occasions by our mini project guide.. who not only guided us but also paved the way for better and throxgh understanding of the developed system. ‘Without full support and cheerful encouragement of Dr. Vishewesh Vyawhare the project would not have shaped the way it is. We are thankful to the entire staff of Electronics Engineering Department. Finally we would like to express our gratitude to our principal Dr. M. D. Patil for allowing us to go ahead with our project work. also we would like to thanks our college management and source of inspiration our president Dr. Vijay D. Patil for providing world class infrastructure, We find this as a proper method to thank our professors, friends and parents efficiently. After 4 Jot of thought and deliberation we have arrived at the most befitting phrase that is a big “THANKS” to all who helped, encouraged us. ZPaze ‘Scand th ConseannerABSTRACT ‘The effects of consumption of alcohol even in small amounts are noticeable. When consumed in large quantities, alcohol can act as a sedative and can depress the central nervous system. We all see Police using breathalyzers on drivers to check if they are under the influence of alcohol. Drink & driving is a crime in all countries. But do you know that this machine is easy to make? Here is how to DIY alcohol breathalyzer with 3-digit display output. ‘This article is about a Breathalyzer circuit using 8051 microcontroller which outputs the blood alcohol content (BAC) from the breath. The BAC is displayed in percentage on a 3- digit seven segment display. The microcontroller used if AT89S51/ which belongs to the 8051 family and the alcohol sensor is MQ-3 alcohol and gas sensor from Futurelec. 31Page ‘Scand th ConseannerContents Abstract, 3 ‘introduction 5 2. Working Principal and Operation 6 3. Component Description 7 . Gireuit Diagram 9 5, Test and Result T 6. Software Used Proteus 2 7. Program Code B 8. Conclusion 5 References 16 a1Page ‘Scand th ConseannerCHAPTER NO: 1 INTRODUCTION Alcohol is very quickly absorbed in to blood and the amount of alcohol in blood reaches peak after an hour of drinking an alcoholic beverage. Hence, blood alcohol test is the easiest and fastest way to determine whether a person is in legal levels of consumption or intoxicated. ‘The main reasons for testing blood alcohol level are: to check the alcohol content in blood of legally drunk suspects, to test for alcohol content in blood when consumption is prohibited like in under aged people and other medical reasons ike finding the cause of altered mind. Breath Alcohol Tester is a device that is used to indicate or estimate the blood alcohol content of a person. The general term for this device is Breathalyzer or Breath Analyzer. Law Enforcement Organizations often use breath alcohol testers to find consumption levels of alcohol by drivers. In this project, a simple DIY breath alcohol tester is designed. It can be used the levels of alcohol consumption with the help of LEDs from very less consumption to intoxicated. 5|Page ‘Scand th ConseannerCHAPTER NO: 2 Working principle and operations > The Breathalyzers are very useful devices in estimating the blood alcohol content of drunk drivers. Police officers often use more advanced and sophisticated testers with digital readings and with Figure 1. Breathalyzer circuit using 8051 printer facility that prints results instantly. > In this project, a simple breath alcohol tester is designed which indicates the levels of alcohol through a set of 10 LEDs. The working of the circuit is explained below. > MQ-3 is the main module in the project. It is an alcohol sensor whose conductivity ‘changes according to the concentration of the alcohol. > The output is given to the signal pin (pin 5) of LM3914, which is an analog voltage sensing IC. According to the value at pin 5, the outputs are activated. For voltages between 0 and SY, the outputs are activated from 1 to 10, > When the concentration of alcohol sensed is very less, the analog value will be slightly ‘greater than OV and hence only first few LEDs will glow. 6|Page ‘Scand th Conseanner> When the concentration increases, the number of LEDs turning on also increases. When the concentration of alcohol is at intoxicated level, all the LEDs will be turned on. The sensitivity of the module can be adjusted by the potentiometer. CHAPTER NO: 3 Component Description: 2 3. MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor MQ-3 is an alcohol sensor that can be used to measure or detect breath alcohol concentration. It is a highly sensitive sensor with fast response time, MQ-3 can also detect Benzene, Methane, LPG, Carbon monoxide and Hexane, MQ-3 alcohol sensor is a 6-pin de ‘out of which 4 pins are used to fetch signals and other 2 are used to provide current to heater coil. Microcontroller (AT89S5i Low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4KB of ISP flash memory. The device uses Microchip high-density, nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. On-chip flash allows program memory to be reprogrammed in- system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. Ic (ADC 0804) 7|Page 4 3 A ‘Scand th Conseanner> ADCO0804 is an IC (integrated circuit) which converts the input analog voltage to its equivalent digital output. It is a standalone analog to digital converter. Though now it is decades old and replaced by newer analog to digital converters which provide more flexibility, consumes less power, provides output in multiple formats and are smaller in size. 7 segment display Transistor (2N2222) Switch Capacitor (150pF) Capacitor (22uF/10V) Capacitor (10uF/10V) 10. Resistors: 100 ohms, 10k, 22k, 8.2k, 330 ohms pen aue Application of Alcohol breathalyzer: > So, police officers use some of the latest technology to detect alcohol levels in suspected drunken drivers and remove them from the streets. > Many officers in the field rely on breath alcohol testing devices (Breathalyzer is one type) to determine the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in drunken-driving suspects. In this article, we will examine the scientific principles and technology behind these breath alcohol testing devices. 8|Page ‘Scand th ConseannerCHAPTER NO: 4 Circuit Diagram Circuit Diagram of an Alcohol breathalyzer: - Ld } t 4 t Figure 3. Alcohol breathalyzer Connection Diagram © The voltage output of the alcohol detector unit is converted into a digital format ADC0804 (ICI). The Vre/2 pin of the ADC is held at 1.28V using the voltage divider network made of R14 and R15. Vref/2 =1.28V means the step size of the ADC will be 10mV and the output of the ADC will increment by one bit for every 10m increment in the analog input. ‘+ Refer the datasheet of ADC0804 for a better grasp. Digital out of the ADC (D0 to D7) is interfaced to Port! of the microcontroller. Control signals CS, RD, WR, INTR are 9|Page ‘Scand th Conseanner‘obtained from the microcontrollers P3.7, P3.6, P3.5, P3.4 pins respectively. R9 and Cl are associated with the clock circuitry of the ADCO804. '* Capacitor C3 connected between Vin+ and Vin- of the ADCO804 filters of noise (if any) in the sensor output. If C3 is not used the digital output of the ADC will not be stable. * This filter capacitor will surely induce some lag in the ADC response but it is not very relevant in this entry-level application. The microcontroller performs required manipulations on the ADC digital output in order to convert it into BAC % and displays it on the three-digit seven segment display. ‘+ Port0 of the microcontroller is interfaced to the multiplexed three-digit seven segment display. The drive signals for the three digits are obt P30, P3.1, P3.2 pins respectively. ed from the microcontroller’s 10|Page ‘Scand th ConseannerCHAPTER NO: 5 TEST AND RESULT: ‘+ The MQI35 gas sensor requires around 5 minutes of preheating before the first use. ‘+ The MQI35 takes few minutes to retrace back to its normal condition after a positive test (alcohol present in the breath). + If there is no alcohol in the breath, the sensor output will swing back to its normal condition very fast. + This breathalyzer circuit is just an entry level one and is not suitable for high-end applications such as law enforcement or laboratory application. ‘+ The logic for converting the digital output of ADC into BAC percentage was obtained using approximation techniques. 11|Page ‘Scand th ConseannerCHAPTER NO: 6 Software used: Proteus S397 RARER sawale Aefaaamente,asireay aman 2 SSE ae Figuce 5. Simulation Result Above is the simulation for given circuit. As we can see when the MQ-3 (alcohol sensor) gets a logic 1 as the input, it gives a certain output voltage which is then fed to ADC 0804 for digital data conversion. This data is directly sent to 8051 which sends the encoded data to 7 segment display showing us a number ('0.23') ‘The circuit file contains the component netlist, simulation options, analyses statements, and the output control statements. The component netlist comprises a list of all circuit elements, along with the node names connected to their terminals, The netlist topology is converted into an equivalent matrix which is solved to find the circuit state. and is also used to simulation output file. 12|Page ‘Scand th ConseannerProgram Code: ORG @@H MOV P1,#11111111B Mov Pe, #ee0ee000B Mov P3,#@00@0000B MOV DPTR, #LUT MAIN: MOV R4,#25@D CLR P3.7 SETB P3.6 CLR P3.5 SETB P3.5 WAIT: JB P3.4,WAIT CLR P3.7 CLR P3.6 MOV A,P1 Mov R5,A SUBB A, #86 JC NEXT SETB P3.3 CLR PSW.7 NEXT: MOV A,RS SUBB A,#115D INC LABEL Mov A,#00000000B CLR PSW.7 LABEL: MOV B,#5D MUL AB MOV B,#8D DIV AB Mov B,#1@D DIV AB MOV R6,A MOV R7,B DLOOP:SETB P3.0 Mov Pe, #01000000B 13|Page CHAPTER 07 eae aaa bei alte Tse aN akc en eth See Pee cn ScannedACALL DELAY CLR P3.0 SETB P3.1 MOV A,R6 ACALL DISPLAY MOV P@,A ACALL DELAY CLR P3.1 SETB P3.2 MOV A,R7 ACALL DISPLAY MOV P@,A ACALL DELAY CLR P3.2 DINZ R4,DLOOP SIMP MAIN DELAY: MOV R3,#255D LABEL1: DINZ R3,LABEL1 RET DISPLAY: MOVC A,@A+DPTR cPLA RET LUT: DB 3FH DB @6H DB S5BH DB 4FH DB 66H DB 6DH DB 7DH DB @7H DB 7FH DB 6FH END 14|Page ‘Scand th ConseannerCHAPTER 08 Conclusion: > The breathalyzer is less invasive than a blood test and non-professional staff can obtain results quickly. Although the breathalyzer is not perfectly accurate to detect alcohol concentrations, it is an excellent substitute. > If the People have proved beyond a reasonable doubt that a sample of the defendant's (blood/breath/urine) was taken within three hours of the defendant's [alleged] driving and that a chemical analysis of the sample showed a blood alcohol level of 0.08 percent or more, you may, but are not required to, conclude that the defendant's blood alcohol level was 0.08 percent or more at the time of the alleged offense. v ‘This creates a rebuttable presumption, which ‘means it is presumed, but that presumption can be rebutted if a jury finds it unreliable or if other evidence establishes a reasonable doubt as to whether the person acwually drove with a breath or blood alcohol level of 0.08% or greater, > To summarize, there is a strong scientific base for supporting both Federal and provincial Jaws against drinking and driving through Alcohol Breathalyzers. 15|Pa ‘Scand th ConseannerREFERENCES 1. Driiger: Background article: How can alcohol be measured in breath? (September 2012) Drigerwek AG &Co. KGaA, Lilbeck (4 pp.) 2. G. Machata, The advantages of automated blood alcohol determination by head space analysis. Zeitschrift fir Rechtsmedizin, 75(4), (1975) 229-234. 3. Drliger: Measuring alcohol in the body. Evidential breath-alcohol analysis with the Alcotest® 7110 and Alcotest® 7110 Evidential. Driigerwek AG &Co. KGaA, Litbeck. 4. H. Ryser, Scientific principles of evidential breath-alcohol testing up-to-date technologies and proceduces. Road Traffic Safety Portal Site. Disponible: junio.de (2013). 5. DIN Deutsches Institut fiir Normung e.V., Breath alcohol test devices for general public ~ Requirements and test methods; German version EN 16280:2012. Beuth Verlag, Berlin 6. OIML Recommendation R 126:2012 (B) Evidential breath analyzers. Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale / International Organisation of Legal Metrology (www.oiml.org) 7. Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan raya, 2002, [online] Available: www_jpj.gov.my.Google Scholar 8. 2008, [online] Available: www.wikipedia.com, 9. Todd Borowman and Robert Wilson, Breathalyzer Enabled Ignition Switch, 2004.Google Scholar 10. David Tin Win, Breath Alcohol Testers. Prevent Road Accidents, Thailand, 2006.Google Scholar 11, Julyan Ellet, "How to use intelligent LCDs", 1997.Google Scholar 12. Bun Jung Park, Sensor Report: MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor. Sensor Workshop, 2007.Google Scholar 16|Page ‘Scand th Conseanner