Prepared By: Heina Van Quimintan

Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Advantages:

Disadvantages:
 Operating Principle of an Air
Pressure Water Distribution System

“ Air is elastic or compressible and

water is inelastic or noncompressible ”

Thus, when air compressed into a closed

compartment under atmospheric
pressure to the extent of one half its
volume content, the pressure will
increase up to 15 pounds per square inch
(psi). This pressure inside the tank is
capable of elevating water up to 10.50
meters high.
The ideal air pressure range from 20 to 40 psi.

By compressing the original pressure inside the

tank is not enough. The slightest draw of water
from the faucet substantially decrease the
pressure and there is a possibility of water
clogging inside the tank.
To overcome this deficiency, an air compressor
unit is installed so that the volume of air inside
the tank will be increased to a pressure of one half
the minimum required.

An automatic pressure switch control that regulate

the starting and the stopping of motor pump.
 Advantages:

 Eliminate the construction of a large house

water tank.
 low construction cost
 Eliminate periodic cleaning of the tank

Disadvantage:
x dependent on electricity
DIRECT UPFEED SYSTEM- TRIPLEX PUMP
Float switch House tank
Roof
10 Floor
9
8
7 Upfeed Down
6 Upfeed
5
4
3
2
1
Pressure Sensor
Supply
Control Panel Control Panel

PU M PS PU M PS PUMPS

Basement Surge Tank

A. Constant Pressure B. Same as A with Surge Tank C. Conventional Roof Tank

The principle of operation is simple

When the water demand is small, the small

pump (jockey) will operate. As the water
consumption increases to the point that the jockey
pump could no longer cope with, the second larger
pump starts automatically to replace the operation
s
of the jockey. As demand increases further to reach
its peak, the third largest pump with full capacity
to supply the entire building, will automatically
operate to replace the second pump. Under this
principle, only one pump operates at a time,
depending upon the volume of water demand.
 Simultaneous draw or use of water

 Height or distance to which the water must

flow

 Fluctuation of water pressure in the water main

 Mineral elements in water that adhere to the

interior of the pipe reducing the diameter

 Inadequate size of the pipe

Maximum Demand

refers to the maximum water discharge of fixtures

in terms of fixture units.

The maximum demand of water is equal to the

Total Fixture Units in plumbing system, where
one unit is valued at 8 gallons of water
discharge per minute interval
Demand Weight of Fixtures in Fixture Units

Private
Public
Fixture Group Fixture Units
Fixture Group Fixture Units Water Closet 6
Water Closet 10 Lavatory 1
Pedestal Urinal 10 Bathtub 2
Stall/ Wall 5 Shower head 2
Urinal
Bathroom 8
Lavatory 2 group
Bathtub 4 Separate 2
Shower head 4 shower
Kitchen sink 2
Service sink 3
(Office, etc.) Laundry Tray 3
Kitchen sink 4 1-3
(Hotel / Combination 3
Restaurant) Fixture
Example : Private

Fixture Group Fixture Units

Water Closet 6
Lavatory 1
Bathtub 2
Shower head 2

Bathroom 8
group
Separate 2
shower
Kitchen sink 2

Laundry Tray 3
1-3
Combination 3
Fixture
Probable Demand

One factor to be considered in determining the size

of the water service pipe.

The fewer the number of fixtures installed, the

higher the percentage of probability of their
simultaneous use, and the greater the number
of fixtures installed, the lower the percentage of
probable simultaneous use.
Number of Fixture Units Percentage of Simultaneous Use

1 to 5 50 to 100 %
6 to 50 25 to 50 %
51 or more 10 to 25 %

Example
Find the number of fixture units then multiply by 8

19 units
Multiply

19 units x 8 = 152 gallons Maximum demand

Assume 30% reduction of 152 gallons.

152 x .30 = 45 gal.

Subtract from maximum demand of 152 gallons

152 – 45 = 107 gallons Probable demand

 used on small water
distribution system
for elevating water
in wall or other
sources

Piston
Centrifugal Pump
Pump Types of
Pump
Tall building water
distribution system
Centrifugal Pump

Piston Pump (Double Acting)

Valve is necessary Types Of Valve
to avert serious  Gate Valve
damages of the  Globe Valve
installations in  Angle Valve
case of service  Check Valve
breakdown.  Foot Valve
 Safety Valve
Gate Valve
 Gate Valve
Two Types
 Globe Valve

It is a type of valve used for

regulating flow in a pipeline
consisting of a movable disk-type
element and a stationary ring seat
in a generally spherical body.

Three Types

 Plug Type Disc Valve

 Conventional Disc Valve
 Composition Disc Valve
 Globe Valve

Has a wide bearing surfaces producing

a good resistance to the cutting effect
of scale, dirt.. etc

Conventional Disc Valve

Has a pressure tight bearing between
the disc and the seat. It is
recommended for cold and any
temperature service.

Composition Disc Valve

Used for different services such as oil,
gasoline, steam, hot or cold water
 Check Valve

prevent reversal of flow in the line. It is principally

used in industrial pipings.
It is classified into two types namely:

 The swing check valve  The lift check valve

Swing Check Valve Vertical Check Valve

Lift Check Valve

Horizontal Check Valve
 Angle Valve

Operates in the same

manner as the globe valve available
in similar range of disc and seat
design. It is used in making 90
degree turn in a line reducing the
number of joints

Foot Valve

Located at the lower end

of the pump and used mainly
to prevent loss of priming of
the pump
 Safety Valve

is used on water
systems, heating
systems, compressed air lines and
other pipe lines with excessive
pressure.
Other Water Service
Fittings and Devices

 The corporation stop

 Curb stop
 Curb stop box
 Meter stop
 Water meter
 Inserted into the water main. It serves as
a control stop for the water service. It
also serves as a shut off for
disconnection of service

Installed on the water service

between the curb and the
sidewalk line. Services : As a
control stop, As a shut off in
case the basement becomes
flooded and As a control valve
in case the building is not used
on winter time.
 Meter Stop
serves as a controlling stop for the
building installation

Is a device used to measure the

amount of water that passes
through the water service.
 WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS AND THEIR CORRECTIONS
IN PRIVATE WATER SYSTEM
Item Cause Bad Effect Correction
Calcium and magnesium Clogging of pipes by Ion-exchanger
Hardness salts from underground scale, burning out of Zeolite process
flow boilers and affects
laundry & food
preparation
Corrosion Acidity, entrained oxygen & Closing of iron pipe Raising the alkaline
carbon dioxide (low pH) by rust, destroy brass content
pipe
Pollution Contamination by organic Disease Chlorination by
matter or sewage sodium hypochlorite
or chlorine gas

Color Iron and manganese Discoloration of Precipitation by

fixtures and laundry filtration through
manganese zeolite
(oxidizing filter)
Taste and odor Organic matter Unpleasantness Filtration through
activated carbon
(purifier filtration)