Science 8

Science – Grade 8
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Movement of Molecules
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Eleanor V. de Roja
Editor: Jeric N. Estaco
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Jean Rean M. Laurente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Science 8
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 4
Movement of Molecules
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module on Movement of Molecules!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module on Movement of Molecules!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - These measures how much you have learned from

the entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:

1. differentiate the structure of solids, liquids and gases based on the particle
nature of matter;
2. infer from observations that particles of matter move; and
3. illustrate what is between the particles of matter.

PRETEST

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following statements best describes the particle in a gas?
a. They are moving very fast and are far apart.
b. They are very close together and are able to vibrate.
c. They are stationary and not able to vibrate.
d. they are moving very slow and are far apart.
2. Which statement explains why solids have definite shape and definite volume?
a. The particles are held at fixed points and can only vibrate with respect to a point.
b. The particles are held strong intermolecular forces which keep them in place.
c. The kinetic energy of the particles is not sufficient to overcome the intermolecular
forces.
d. All of the above.
3. The three phases of matter differ because of the arrangement and motion of particles
in each state. Which of the following features the particle model of the atom.?
I. Matter is made up of larger particles
II. Particles of matter are moving all the time
III. There are spaces between the particles
IV. Particles of matter attract each other
a. I only b. II only c. I, II, III d. II, III, IV
4. Water droplets stay together in wax paper and they don’t break apart easily. What is
the reason behind it?
a. Water molecules are small
b. Water molecules are in motion
c. Water molecules are attracted to each other
d. Water molecules are wet.
5. When you bring two drops of water near each other and allow them to touch; they
immediately combine and become one drop. Which best explains this?
a. Water molecules are made of atom
b. water molecules are attracted to each other
c. Water molecules are magnetic
d. Water is a liquid.
 RECAP
Direction: Identify the materials and determine the state of matter.

Water in a beaker liquid

__________1. 2.___________ __________3. 4.____________

__________5. 6. ___________ ____________7. 8.____________

LESSON

Philippines is blessed with natural resources. Our land is surrounded by

forest, rocks, minerals, trees, and mountains. Water is about 75% of the earth in the
form of oceans, seas, and rivers. The air that envelopes the earth are gases like
oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases.
 This composition of the Earth such as lithosphere- the solid part;
hydrosphere- the liquid part and the atmosphere- the gaseous part reminds us of
the three (3) states of matter.
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It is made up of
particles such as atom, ions, or molecules. Atom is the smallest particle of an
element. When atom loses or gains electrons, the atoms become charge; thus, they
are called ions. Molecules are electrically neutral group of two or more atoms which
are held by covalent bond.
Matter can be solid, liquid and gas; but how do you usually matter beyond
what you can see with your eyes. Microscopes enable man to see objects like
microorganisms which cannot be seen by the naked eye. What about solids, liquids
and gases? Models and representations are used to illustrate and explain science
concepts which you cannot observe. In this case, the structure of solid, liquid and
gas will be explained using the particle nature of matter.
How can we explain the properties of matter in terms of its particle nature?
This table summarizes the differences in the structure of solid, liquid and gas.

State of
Solid Liquid Gas
matter

Diagram
showing how
the particles
are arranged

Arrangement of Particles are Particles are closer Particles are far

the particles packed closely together but with apart in random
together in fixed no regular arrangement; thus,
position; thus, it arrangement; thus, it flows and diffuses
does not flow. it flows and diffuses easily
slowly

Spaces Very small spaces Small spaces Very large

between
particles

Forces of Strong Strong but weaker Very weak

attraction than in solids
between
particles

Movement of Particles cannot Particles move and Particles move

particles move because they change in position freely. There is
are held with but not as free as negligible attraction
strong forces of gas because particles
interaction. are far apart.
The features of the particle nature of matter are as follows:
1. Matter is made up of tiny particles.
2. Particles of matter are moving all the time.
3. These particles have spaces between them
4. The particles of matter attract each other

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Properties of Solid, Liquid and Gas

Direction: Fill in the table with the correct description/illustration to differentiate
solid, liquid and gas.
Particles Movement
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS

Activity 2. Do Particles of Matter Move?

Direction: Find out if the particles of matter move in the following activities:
A.
1.Pull the plunger of the syringe until it reaches 30mL mark.
2. Press your thumb on the tip of the plunger and use your other thumb to push
the plunger once.
3. This time, push the plunger of syringe all the way to the end of the syringe. Suck
from the cup or container up to the 30mL level of the syringe. Cover tightly the tip
of the syringe with your thumb.
B.
1.Pour ½ cup of water into one transparent glass bottles
2. Pour the ½ cup of water in the step no. 4 into another bottle. Carefully observe
the flow of water.
3. This time, pour the water just on the flat surface of a dinner plate.
C.
1.Pour ½ cup of rock salt into the narrow-mouthed bottle. Observe carefully what
happens to rock salt as you pour it into the bottle and when all of it has been
transferred.
Questions:
1. Compare what you felt when you pushed the plunger with the air and with
water?
__________________________________________________________________________________

2.Which can be easily pushed, the syringe with water or syringe with air inside?
Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Did rock salt take the shape of the bottle? Did the particles of rock salt change in
shape?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3: What is in the Particles of Matter?
Direction: Cut out small circular shapes using colored paper or used magazine to
illustrate the particle model of solid, liquid and gas.

Solid Liquid Gas

Rubrics:
Criteria Points
The arrangement of particles in each 5 points
state of matter is properly illustrated
There are correct spaces between the 5 points
particles of matter
10 points

WRAP-UP

Direction: Fill up the concept map.

Features of the Particle Model of Matter

VALUING

What do you noticed when you spray a perfume? The scent of the perfume can easily
be detected because the molecules diffuse easily since its particles are far apart with
one another. Liquids also diffuse but not as fast as gases. Diffusion is the spreading
of the particles of matter.
Just like molecules, man’s response to the need of others depend on our call to
respond immediately or to ignore to the needs of others. In this moment of pandemic
and crisis that the world is experiencing, let us be like particles of matter which
move, which respond, and which react immediately to the needs of others. At the
end, it will always be good things and kind words which will echo in eternity.

POSTTEST

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Matter is made up of tiny particles. If you have pure gold, what do you call its
smallest particle?
a. atom c. molecules
b. ions d. plasma
2. Which of the following statements explains why solid particles have definite
shape?
I. They are packed together very tightly
II. They are arranged in a regular way
III. There is a strong force of attraction between the particles
IV. They can be compressed
a. I, II, III c. I.III.IV
b. II.III.IV d. I, II, IV
3. Which of the following statements explains why liquids flow continuously?
a. The liquid phase is a continuous phase
b. The kinetic energy of liquid over one molecule enables them to slide over one
another
c. Liquid molecules are held together in a chain that cannot be broken.
d. Liquid molecules bump against each other continuously.
4. Why do gases not assume definite shape?
a. Particles have very high kinetic energy
b. Particles are not strongly attracted
c. Particles are highly compressible
d. Particles move in very fast rate and random order
5. Which of the following diagram shows the best arrangement of gas particle in
inflated balloon?

a. b. c. d.
ACTIVITY 2
1.Compare what you felt when you pushed the plunger with the air and with
water?
The plunger with air can easily be pushed easily compared to the plunger with
water.
2.Which can be easily pushed, the syringe with water or syringe with air
inside? Explain your answer.
The syringe with air can be pushed easily because of the greater distance
between the particles of air and there are large spaces between the particles.
The plunger of the syringe with water cannot be push because water is not as
compressible as gas. The particles of water are closer to each other and it is
difficult to push them even closer to each other.
3. Did rock salt or sand take the shape of the bottle? Did the particles of rock
salt change in shape?
Yes. The shape of the rock salt is the shape of the bottle also. No, it did not
change its shape.
ACTIVITY 1
Particles Movement
SOLID Very close to Particles cannot
each other move around
LIQUID Neither too close Particles move
nor too far but not as free as
gas
GAS Very far with Particles move in
each other random motion
WRAP UP
POSTTEST 1.water PRETEST
1.a 2.liquid 1. a
2.a 3.balloon filled with 2. d
3.c air 3. d
4.d 4.gas 4. c
5.c 5.wooden rostrum 5. b
6.solid
7.laptop
8.solid
KEY TO CORRECTION
 Solid Liquid Gas

ACTIVITY 3

Features of the Particle Model of Matter

time. matter. each other.

particles. moving all the the particles of attract to
up of tiny matter are spaces between of matter
Matter is made Particles of There are The particles

References
1. Vengco, Lilia G., Delia Navaza, and Teresita Religioso. You and the Natural World
Science. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, 2015.
2. Chang, Raymond. “Chemistry. Princeton Road, New Jersey: Mc-Graw Hills Inc. 5th
Edition 1994.
3.’Illustration of Solid, Liquid and Gas”. Accessed, September 18, 2020.
https://www.google.com/search?q=solidparticles&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&
ved=2ahUKEwjNv8mny_LrAhVNyYsBHVlACf8Q_AUoA3oECAwQBQ&biw=1366&bih
=625#imgrc=wX3jXS1yb0xhHM
4.Science Learners’ Material. Department of Education. National Capital Region,
Philippines. 2013
5. Dignos, Ginalyn B., Angeles,Diomedes G., Ganaden,Mildred M. Chemistry III. Neo
Asia Publishing Inc.2010.