BBK 34.41 i 93 YK 621.81075.3) “A. Hepnancint, [I H. oxo) VM. M. Yepmms, FM. Muxona, B. TT. Kosmos ° Penarrop ap Tex. nayk mpoeccop C. A. Mepnascrani Beuetsent kali. TexH, wayx A. B. Kap proper: TERIGO Kypcosoe npockruponanne aeraneii Maumn: Yueb. K93 mocoOHe ja YYAIMXC MAILIMHOCTPOHTENbHBIX crc iutanbuocreii texumxymon /C. A. YepHanckuii, K. H. Bo- xos, HW. M. Yepann u ap.—2-e uan., mepepad. non. — M.: Maumuoctpoenne, 1988. — 416 c.; mn. (B nep.): 1 p. ano Meron se a ate. sli) Ree RORIEING Sofas peered = Sep cons rere ern soe, ek) aerate, "ret eas rae COST << PEWEK 6 5“ oss@n-88 yy. /EBe ssaremerso «aumocrpoemes, 197 @ Vesatentcres ‘Mauumocrpoemen, 1997 Cavenenamon “| | KWHEMATHYECKHM PACYET TIPHBOJA ' rapa 1 i 1 § 1.1. ONPEJEIEHME TPEBYEMOM MOUHOCTH | ‘9AEKTPOABHT ATES t B Tumopux sanainax ua Kypconoe MpoeKTUpoBanne aerael Jeanna ynasntoaerpa KuneMaTiNeexaa cxena Mpibona K KOHBetepy, pwecirrenio, KopMopaaiaTSiKy M sIpyTHM ycTpolicTRAM, 9KCHYR- upyenia 8 pexuiwe, 6IKOM K nocTosmHoMy. K WcxoaHBiM anim oTHocaTea oxKcnyaTaNMOHHKIe, Jarpy30we H 3HepreTH- MeckHe XapaKTepucTHKH, Yaauutec TexmxyMa AO.cKHBI PACCHHTTATE BCE eMeHTM pH owia paspaGorars KOHCTpyKIUio oaocTyneHvaToro sy6ya70rO MIM NepaauHorO PeAYKTOPA H AONOAHMTENHO OAMY WS rHOKHX nepenas — pemennyio WIM weMHYI0, Tlepastit gran npoexruponasiix ~ aHanis xmHemaTHecKoit exemui i BhGOp 2neKrpoapHrarens. Ha puc. 1.1 noxasaia ota 13 TuMopuIx cxeM nipswona x eH Tosniomy Koubeliepy: OT DUeKTposIDHTaTeaa BpautenMe nepeaaeTes Bary GapaGana epes pemenayio mepenayy, syGvartili omnoery- neiiaTstit pesykrop M NennyIo nepexayy. ‘Tas onpeaeacns rpeGyemolt Mommocri 2extpomsurareaa ® sananwa 2omxsr Gir» Yrazaub4 Bpautarontnlt moment Tp (Hm) a amy upaGania x yiuvsn cxvpoeth op (paz/e) store Baan Hm He cua taru F (H) 8 cxopocrs v (o/c) Jers. eckomylo Moumiocrs P (Br) aaexrpoasurateaa onpexeasior 13 suipaxentit p= 2% _ Fe’ (4) ya Buccs. 1 — Koodpunment nonesnoro’ selicrens (KIL) npupona, panmuit npowoneaeumo vacrusix KILI nepesay, BxORAMLAX B KHIE- MaTHMECKYIO XEMy: n= MaMaNs.- Me (1.2) Swavenua KILL nepenay otseasubix Tunos mpymenenst taGa. 1.1. 41.1, 3nasems KIL wexammecian nepesas Repeat xn 3yGuarax w aaxpisrom xopnyce (peayETop): ‘WeTIUpHEECKHOMAL KOMecaNA KOMMMECEHIMIL ROMIECAN 096-097 3y6uaran orxpurran 095-096 Uepamax 8 3aKpUTOM Kopnyce pH ETE BATKOR (2axonos) sepanra: 1 0,70-0,75 2 080-085 aed 085-095 Hennax aaxpurran 095-097 Uenas orepurrax 090-095 enews TTOCKHAC peNmen 096-098 umtomina pescaan 095-097 Mipwaewanue Tlorepw xa Tpene » ouopax xaxaoro enna yurunaior- © Maonttrenear ny = 099 +095, L Pac, L1. Kunewarnsccsan cxewa apts Pac. 12. Xapasropmcrnca.acunxponiers ona uewrarmore Konrenep sarean Tpexpaioro Tou, Tun Tuee Tmax 7 § 1.2. BBIBOP 9/EKTPOABHTATEAA Moumtocrs sexrponsurares, noaGupaemoro Ass mpoextupye- ‘Moro NpHBONa, NoMKHA GUT He HuKe Toll, KOTOpas OnpememeNa no gopmyze (1.1). Ms cymecrsyiouux Tunos asurarencii Bu16u- PaloT mpemMyulecTBeHNo acHXPONHBIe 3eKTPOABHTATEsH TpeX- @asnoro Toxa enunoit cepuit 4A. Ha puc. 1.2 npeactasiena xapaxtepucruxa acnuxponnoro s1BH- rareax TpexdasHloro TOK, BLIpaxAIOUIAK 3ABNCUMOCTS HACTOTH patients n (06/Mun) pana apurareas oT wenKYHHAI Bpautaromero momenta T(H-M). Ilo oc a6cunice, OTAOXCHEL SHAYEHHA Tyoyy — HOMHHAABHOTO BPAllaloMlero MOMeHTa, Tyyex — NYCKOBOTO YIM HawamBHOrO Bpaitiaiourero MOMeHTa, passHBaeMoro Mp ycKe ABHTATeNS, Trqx ~ MAKCHMA.IGHOTO KPATKOBPEMeHHOTO- MOMeHTa; NO OCH OPANHAT OTAOXeHBI SHaYeHHA YacTOT Bpamlenna: HOM HANBHOH Myo KPHTIMECKOH Mp Hi CHEXPOHHOM n., passunaeMoli pH OTCYTCTBHH Harpy9KH H paBHoll YacToTe Bpamenua Marit Horo T0Aa; ora JaBHcHT OT YacTOTH ToKa fH NCTA Nap NomI0CoB p: coornercrayloulas yriopax cKopocTs, pan/c, anf an? Tipu cranzaprioit vacrore Tora f= 50 c~? m uucne nap mo- suocos p= 16 cHHXpotuas YacTora Bpamenua n, GyneT Papua coorserersentio 3000; 1500; 1000; 750; 600 # 500 o6/simx. Tina MpuBoyoB, paxpaGaTbIpAeMBIX B KYPCOBIX MpOeKTAX, PeKOMEH- RYCTCA BEIGUPATS ABHTATEAH C HHICTOM TlOMOCOD He Gostee BOCbMH, ‘a yume — He Gomee mecTH, T.€ ¢ p<3 un, > 1000 06/sun, Tipu BospacraHiu Harpy3KH WaCTOTa Bpauienua Baia jpnra- ‘TENA YMEHBINACTCA BCNENCTBHE CKOMBKEHHA s, OMpeTeAKeMOrO O dopmyse t! nhs s= orxyaa TD n=ne(1—s). (13) Tipu nycxe apuratena T= Tjycx (HK Try), $= 1 Mn =0; mp HOMHHANGHOM peaHMe T= Tyoy $= 0,02+0,05; Myon * (0,98 +0,95)n; Mp orcyrcrsHH HarpysKH T= 0 s=0; n=n. TexniveckHe aHHMe ACHHXPOHHEX atexrpompuratenelt \exH- volt cepun 4A B 3aKpsITOM oGzyBaeMOM HenlomMeHuH npuBeseHst B-TAGTHLAX MpHIOKEHHS.TH. Snexrpossuraresm acurxpoumie cep 4A, saxporriie oGaynaenue M12. Saexrposmmraresm cep 4A. Henoanenne saxpuroe oGaysaenpe (no FOCT. 19523~81) (ao FOCT 1952381) Chanpownay sacrors spanicuna, o6/hen 1500 1000 750 to] s | Za] tuo. Two. z,] Pemer | % | 7, | pasnep pane rina [73 716 5088 rips | 75, s0a6 SOLAS soa | 5 s0B6 90.38 20s | 58 90L6 10018 feo} “9014 | 5.1 | 20] 100L6 }5,1]209) 112Mas . roost | aa | | amas fa) | arms [ssh toot | 37 ui2mes [si] | 13288 [a TaSapaae peane:| Voranooowne » mpwoetae tama | 327 rasz [33] | asame [4 tune | dcx urd cium pastnpen tase | 30 tsams [32l_} iooss |2sfral weomep frome TTT lalalalalale]é | 132M | 28 ross |27[ | r60me 2.3 eas | 2,3 ‘some 2.6] | 18ome jas 4AA50 17a{ 198] 142] 112] 9] 9] 20 | 32 | 63 | 80s, toms | 2.2 1e0Me 2.7) | 200M 2.3 SAA56 194] 221] 152| 128] 1] 11] 23 | 36 | 71 | 90/58 ra0sa | 2.0 200me [28| | 200.8 [23 4AA63 216] 250] 164| 138] 14] 14] 30 | 40 | 80 | 100] 7 1.4} asoats | 1,9] 1,4 | 200n8 aa} | zasee {ira} oom | 1.7 zsme fis} | 25088 [15 4am 285 | 330| 201 170] 19] 19] 40 | 45 | 90] 112[ 7 200LA | 116 25086 |tali2] 250m |i sone | rs dows (13)"] oose. [33 4as0d 12; 4;6; 8} 300] 355] 218] 1961201221 50 | so | 100| 125| 10 2} 25084] 12 | 12 | 28086 |20] | 220m f22}_] 4A808 320| 375 7) aso | 1.3 wos jo] | 31388 [20/10 4A90L 350] 405| 243] 208[ 24] 24] so | 36 | 125] 140] 10 uo | 28082 |2.0] | 2x0sa | 2'3 31586 |20| | sisms [2a cos me 4a 365] 427] 265 4A100L 395| 457| 250 295)28]28] 6 | © | 140] 160/12 Tipuwevanna. 1. TIpwep yotomioro oGosimsene szexsponsnraren moumoersio 11 xBr, cusapotiaa ‘acrora npawieuna 1300 o6/suns, aariam {2:43 6;8[ 452] 534] 310] 260/32) 32] 80 | 70 | 140| 190) 12 Daeempodeucamess 44132643 4a1n28 “480/560 sats, $89) 5601 350| 302|38|38| so | 89 | 178 216] 12 2, 3uayemin cinsoros » yeaosKErX oGooHaTeNnAK: iibpa 4 yxasunaer no- bassoon xt cp Gi pon suave ~ eats Conese 2 J 62s|737 23 178 ba Gyxsol A sucxa (YX ws TpexaKastit) cooTacTeTayOT “BuCOTe CeH 4a 76 pamcina, iu; Oya Ly 5 aM otwocrten f joranonowon, peep Bo fags 420} asa} 110/18} __ 25415 Anise crasmau; Oyrau Aw B yexomue obomavers num cepsevuisa 2 cravopa. Uudput 2, 4 6 i 8 oatanalor sexo nomiccon. Tloenexue aka nea {NoMa as * YB noxasumator, 470 ADHFareK NpEADEAAEH JM SKCHAYETAIDIN D 30H SME 58 pemoro enaara 3: B rpage # yrasano cxonaeae, %; 8 rpage 2 aan anavewin oro: 4a1808 2 | 662| 778 48] 203) ha 468 33 ‘Meni peau myexoxoro Wt HONEHAHOFO BpAUIAIOHLIX MOMeHTOR. 470) 410}*)48] 110) 121] ) 279) gat faSapeoiue w yeravonomiue pep antrarene cop 4A za 9 4A180M 2 | 702) 818 48 2a HGS 55 390 3Mpodoaxeme 2 TaSapuruice pase: ‘Veranosownue w npucoeani: Twno- | nero Pu, sd Tenise pane 308 paswep | nomocon ull a] olalalatelalele 4A200M 2 | 760] 875 55] | 110/133] 267] || 4; 6; 8 [780 [905] 5551 45960] 55| 140/135] | aig 2 4A200L 800] 915. $5) [11011331305] fa 4; 6; 8 | 830] 945 | [140 4A25M 2 {810 |925) 5751 491 |55155| 110] 149] | 56119] 4; 6; 8 [840] 985 65]60] 140] | 541 442508 2 _}15}1069| 610] 554 195165) 140] 168} | 4°61 | 45658 75/70 4A250M 2 __|.955]1109] 610 | 5415{65] 140] 168 | 349 406] 24 4:6; 8 75/70 Scare rasa ID CBEAEHHA O PEXYKTOPAX § 24, OBNIME CBEAEHHA PeaykropoM Ha3binaioT MexanH3M, cocrosummit 13 sy6uaTux init epaRuInKEX stepenay, BBITOMHEHHI B BiLIe OTHeNbHOTO arpe- rare u cayxamMlt JIN MepeaawM spautenMa oT vasa qBuraTeAA x pany paGoweit mains, Kunenariieceas cxema mpunoza Mower ‘BMIOWATE, NOMIMO peayKrOpa, OTKPHITHle 3yGuaTEIe nepe AMM, Her- ‘mac 11M peMeuHbte nepenas (eM., Hampumep, pc. 1.1). Veasaunbie MeXaHW@MBI aBasioTca HaMOoslee pacnpocrpayemnoll TeMaTHKoii ypconoro npoexTHponantis. “Hasniayene peaykropa — nonixenite yraosoii ckopoctit u coor nereTaeimo HopbuuieHite Bpauiaioulero MoMeHTa BeXOMOTO Baia 10 cpasenio ¢ nenynun. Mexanigaar sia ToBKIINeHN yrnoRol CKOPOCTH, BIMOMHENHBe B BHAE OTENLHBIX arperaTos, wasIBAIOT YeKOpUMeAMU WIM MysAbMUNAUKAMopaseU. Peaykrop coctour 43 Kopnyca (m#Toro wyryuHoro WIM cBap- Horo cTabioro), B KOTOPOM NOMelligIoT sneMeHTSI nepenatH — syGvarbie Koeca, BAMM, NOAMMEMHMKA HT. a. B OTACMBHBIX cxy- ‘asx B Kopnyce PeaykTopa pasMeulaloT TaKxe ycTpoiicTaa ANA cMazbiBaHNa JaneTenuit Mm OMUDIMHMKOB (nanpHMep, BHYTpH opniyca peayktopa MoxeT 6blTb MOMeUIeH iuecrepeHNili Mactan acoc) WIM yerpolicrsa AIA OXnaxneHHA (HANPHMep, 3MecBUK C oxaaxstaromteH BOAO B Kophyce NepsatHoro peayKTOpa). Peayxtop mpoextapyioT amGo 1a npwsoza onpenestenHoit Mammut, au60 10 2a1aHHOl Harpysxe (MOMeHTY Ha BLIKOHOM bay) H nepenaTorHOMy YMcay Ges YkasAHUK KOHKPeTHOTO WasHia- enna, Bropoit cayuall xapaxrepen .U1x cneumasHsMpoBaHMBIK 3aB0- OB, Ha KOTOPHIX OpranitoRaHO CepHitHOe MpOUSBONCTBO pesyKTO- pos. Kuniemarwueckne cxembt 1 o6i4ne Bis HanGosIee pacnpocTpa- ewHbix THoB penykTopos mpeacrapstenbt Ha puc. 2.1-2.20. Ha xnne- anwseckux cxeMax Gyxnoli B oGoaHayen sxoauolt (GxicTpoxon- pti) Ban peayxropa, Oyknoit T — seixomuoll (ruxoxoamii). Peaykropst Kalaccnuumpyior no cHeayIolluM —OcHOBHBIM npwanaKam: Tuny nepenawH (yGyaTHe, YepaNHIe WH syGuaTO- 9Nepasunme); wea cryneHel (ORHOCTyNeHHaTBIC, ABYxCTYAeHNATHIE HOT. A); Tany syGvaTEIX Koes (WHTMHAPHNECKHe, KOHHICCKKE, KOHHYECKO-IMMHHIPHYECKHE HT. 1L); OTHOCHTENBHOMY pacrioxo- XeHHIO BasIOB PeYKTOPA B MpoctpancTee (ropHsoNTamDHMe, Bep- THKajIbHBIe); OCOGeHHOCTAM KMHeMaTHYeCKO cxembl (pasBepHy- Tas, CoocHas, ¢ pasaBocHHOH CTyNeHBIO HT. 1.). BosMoxHocTH nomy4enus GouBUIAX NepemaTOuHEIX HMcen' pH Mambix raGapHTax oGecnespaioT MaHeTapHble | H BORHOBBIG pe- ayetopst (cm. ria V a VI). Apyxcrynewanize unnmrpwseckne perykTopht HauGoxee pacnpocrpanesmm neyxctynenvariie ropwsouramane eayKFopH, BbMOTHeHHBIE NO pasBepuyTol exente (pwc. 2.6). ITH Pe ei eerae creas oe payerop eS OMTOh KpunTON Cones Noam Spinto), w= o6umrh nan pesjarope, yxofoporo nowuenbnsone an Sopra fen epuuravn, unt pesgstopa, y roTopero HxamanvoDue spat appar oe B 5 a) * Puc, 2.7, Anyxcrrecvarsih ropwaourasuanltcanewst peayerep! ‘aT wekatwsecean ckoway 0 o6unl ann PeuYKTOPSE OTANYAIOTeR NPOCTOTO!, Ho H3-28 MecHMMETpHEHOTO Pacnonoxenua xosec Ha namax nopbliuaeTeR KONUeHTTpaLIN® Harpy3- xu no zmne 3yGa. Tloxtomy 8 aux penyktopax creayer npue- HATH XECTAHE BaLt Coocnas exema (puc. 2.7) nosponser noayunre Meubuine raGa- HTH no. sume; 970 ee OcHOBHIOE UpeHMymIecTEO. B coocwsx 'peayktopax Gsicrpoxomian cryntems sa¥acryio Henorpyxenia®, Tak Kak CHWIM, ROSHIEKAIOUIHE w saueneNMM KoMIeC ‘Tuxoxo molt ctynun, sHawTTesDMO GoNbile, YeMt B GBICTPOXOMHOR, a Mexoceatie paccrommus crynenell OnHHaKOBM (dy, = a). YRASAH- Hoe OGCTOSTEMDETBO ABIAETER OMIM 13 OCHOBELIX HEOCTATKOS coocunix penyxropos. Kpome Toro, K Hx HeOCTaTKAM OTHOCET 3) Gomume raGapyrit » uanpaniennm rcomerpmiccaun ovetl a08, Ho epantienito c.pesyKTOpAMM, BBITOMHEHNLIMG 10 padBep- HyTOH cxeme; 6) sarpyzurexsHocts cMassmanis nomummuuxon, pacmomo- enNBIx » cpemmelt wacru Kopnyca; 3) Gombutoe pacctoaie MexAY onopama npomexyroworo Basa, Nooromy rpeGyeTex YeemHITs ero ANAMeTp AR OGecrTede- ima Joctatoso npowHocrH W >xectKocTH. * Tip cpacnmremno neGomsuom oSulem nepenaTowtoM iene (uw 8+16 moxuo (npu oGecnevenmm yaoniernopmrennoll KoMonORKGt eayxropa) tax npowsvecti pasOunxy o6utero nepenaromoro Hema 0 erymewam, to narpysovnas cnocoGuoer. GuerpoxoaKol crynemm 6yAer 4Cuesnso, npumenteme coocmm peayxTopos orpansunsactes cayuaaM, Kora HeT NeOGXOIUMOCTH HMETD Ba BHIXOIHIX KOHIA GulcrpoxomHoro WH THXOXoAHOTO Baza, @ coBnaleHNe TeoMeTpH- eckux oceli BxO;OTO H BEIKOAIHOTO BA:TOH YAOGHO NPH HaMeveHHOM o6uteli KoMMONOBKe MpuBoTa. B orMowienm rua ayGsea M nomumnxos ® AByxcTyneNta- ‘Tux peAYKTOpaX cupaneIvINBO cKAsaHOe OTHOCHTENSHO onO- CTynenvaraix LWLIHRAPHIeCKHX penyKTOpoB; HAcTO GsicTPoxoAnyIO cTyneus putnomiaior Kocosy6ol, a THKOKoMHyIO ~ MpaMosyGoiL (Gro oTHocuren Kax k COOCHLIM, TaK HK HHecoocHBIM PenykTopaM). PeayeTop ¢ pataboentioli Gsicrpoxosuoll cryneHbi0, wwelo~ tit xocosy6bie Kosieca, noKaaaHt Ha puc. 28. Tuxoxomwas crynen np 9toM MoxeT MET sNG0 leBponme Koneca, HO mpsmoay6ue (puc. 28,6), Kunemaruieckaa cxewa o6uuti au peayeropa © pasguoensioli raxoxomuoli cryneniio noxasamat xa puc. 29. Tipu pasaeoenuol Gxicrpoxommoit (wu sHxoKoAnOM) crynext Koneca pachoxoxeNisl CHMMETPHYHO OTHOCHTeNBHO onop, TO IMpHBonNT xX MenLiweH KoTeHTpaNIM MarpysKH MO ALM 3yGKeD, eM mp mpaMeneunn OGKIHOK paanepHHyTol wa coocHolt cxeMs. Dro Mosnonser uMerb m paccmarpunaemoM cay¥ae Meitee xecT- xwe vansi, Buicrpoxoausi pat penyxtopa, oxasaitworo wa puc, 28,6, nomken mers enoGony ocesoro | nepeMetervox {«naanatoutui> nas), 0 oGecnewmmacres cooTBeToTByrowtelt Koi CTPYKIHeH| MOAMIMMNKOREIX Y310B; B PerYKTOpe ¢ MrespoxNsINN Pac, 28, Anyxerynenarisl ropmouramauil pexyerop © pasmocmol ncpnoi (Gucrpoxoswos) erynen: "O~ obmnn bux (Be> xpHNEH) Pas. 29, fAnynerynenarssh ropmonranmak pesyerop ¢ parawocmed erope (paoreawod) erynem: 2 suuenearusocna ctena} Sou x (Ger pane) THXOXOAHBIM KOsIecAMH cBOGomY ocesoro NepemenieHus HoH Mert Ww THXOXOgMuI sax. IIpu coGmogenun yrasauHOro YoIOBAR Harpy2ka pacnpeslenserca MoposKy MexuIy TapaaensHo paGoralo- ‘UMH TlapaMn 3yGuarEIX Kostec. CXeMBl BepTHKAUIBHBIX MINHAPHYECKHX —AByXCTyNENMATHIK peaykropos mpunenensi wa puc. 2.10. Apyxcrynenarnie uemmapueckne peaykropst oGsI4KO IpUMe- HOT 8 UIMPOKOM AManasoNe mepemaTownLX wucen: no TOCT 2185— 66 u=6,3+63. Kpynmue ayxctynenarsie uLuMMApHTeCKHE penykroput, auinyexaente HKM3, umeior u = 7,33 44,02. Or uenecooSpasnolt pasGusxu oGmero nepeaToworo Hema BYXCTYWeNNATOrO pexYKTOPA TO €CO OTNENBEBIM CTYNEHAM B 3Ha-wurreapMoit crenenu sabucaT raGapuTe peayktopa, ynO6CTBO cMa~ SuBAHHA KAXGION CTYMCHU, PANHOHANHOCT KOHCTPYKIMH KOPNYCa 1M ymo6cTBO KOMIOHOBKH BGeX 9teMeHTOB Teper, Hath peKoMeH- ‘awun pax6uBKH nepedaTovHOTO MHCsIa, YAOBACTBOPAIOIIHE BOeM YRaiansM TPeGoBaHHsM, HesOSMOXHO, H OSTOMY Boe peKoment- JlanuH cnemyer paccMaTpuBaTb KaK OpHeHTHpOBONHELE. ‘Hinxe mpipeyienia pasGuaxa nepenaTounErx "HCE 18 HEKOTOPEX mpyxctynenvaTeix pesykTopos, Bbimyckaembix HKM3: ue. . 80S 983 1092 1225 1383 15,60 17,78 2049 2212 2315 tis « «230 2808 3,125 3,500 3950 3,950 4500 5,187 5600 6,615 Yepemunse pexysrops eppammbie peaykropst mpaMenmoT aa nepenaym nBMxCHHA Mexsy Ba1aMH, OCH KOTOPHIX mepeKpeMMBaloTCs, Tio orocurenbhomy nonOxeHHiIo YepasKa H YeppaIHOrO Kosteca pasINYaloT TPH OCHOBHBIE CXEMBY “epBAINEIX PemyKTOpoB: ¢ sua, pepaine Goxossim pacrostoxennem seppaxa (pic. 2.14— to Hicyccraenmsiit o6ays' pe6pucrsix xopnycos - oGecnewact ee SarompuaTHuil Tentonol peaumM paGorm penyKr (pute, 2.14, 4-2), " eee 18 opnycons; ¢ coum sit peayropa © pebpucruse pasnencnunt OPIYCOM Bux nasa Kosteca peaykTopa c GoKoBsIM pacnosowenHeM Nepaska B AABHCHMOCTH OT HAQHAMEHHA M KOMMIOHOBKU npuBona Moxer GTS cilesaH BBepx (puc, 2.16, a) uM BAUS (PHC, 2.16, 6 m 6). TIpH HiKHEM PACTONOKeHHK. NepBsKA. YoIOBHR. CMASBIBALIH »Pre. 218. Hepa peayrrop ¢ aepximne pacnonoacimes sepam 4 nmenartieckan Cena O' ObumhDI penytope © parvenmnine RepayeoM; “Fobunit nnd pesytope’¢ uepasvenamnr xopmyeone PS sauemienia aynne, npH BEpxiieM xyxe, HO MeHBINe ReponTHOETE onaaatiua B saNeivienie | moramrocKim ~iacrni — npoayxros msnoca, BuGop cxemm peaykropa oGmieio oGycnopmen yxo6crbom XOMMOHOBKH MpHBOTA B UCTOM: pu OxPYAHBIX CKOPOCTAX ep- axa 10 46 w/c mpeanourirensiio HickHee paconoxente wepEaKa; Inpw Géabumx cxopocrsX pospACTaioT Norepx Ha nepeMeuiusanue acta, #m 3TOM calyaae caeayeT pacosiarath YepBAK Ha Ko:1ecOM., B penyxtopax c nepxiuM pactionoxentent YeppaKa TPM BK2I0Ne- Puc. 2.16. Wepasall pexyirop ¢ neprinamaine ma2ox eepasmore ‘one: ‘4 ~ amtenariseeras exewa, 6 ~ OOuDI sia penyxTopa c pasbenhin KOPA}eOM, ‘OGiuuit wna peayeropa ec Hepaaveumlunt Kopuycone 20 NH aBWxXCHHE OOKIHO HaTHHAeTeA MPH HemOCTaToNOH cMasKe (Ga pema ocTaHOBKH pH penKIX BKIOYeHHsX MacTO yoneBaeT crews ¢ ay6nen Koneca). ‘ Tlepexarowie iicna wepasiibix peaykTOpos OGUNHO Kor aeGmoTea ® mpeneax +80 (em. FOCT 2144—76). ‘Tax xax KIT sepastintix peykTopos HeBuICOK, TO JAH nepenatt Gonbumx MouocTelt HP YcrAHOBKAX, paGoTaIoMNNX HenpepEtBHO, MpoeKTupoBars HX HeHlerecooSpasHo. IIpaktiecku wepaxuNbic PeAYKTOPHI NPHMEHSIOT UIA NEPEMAYK MOUTHOCTH, KAK MPABILTO, 10 45 KBr WB Due HeKMOSeHHA 10 150 xBr. B3yO4aTo-veppamie, YepBsAHO-syGuaTBIe MH XBYXCTYneNMATEIE YepBAINBIE peAyKTOpEL Cxemnr 1 o6uutH BH syGvaTO-epBAIHEMK H AayKcTyNeHYATH sepornnix’ peaykropon moxazanet Ha psc. 2.17 a 218. TMepena- ‘ll; a Pac. 2.17. Anpxerynenariil ayGeare-vepasenlpexyirop: (2 —muneurrinccean cles 6 — OOuM st Pac. 218. JpyxcrymeweaTi eprom a— myouataeceay crea 0 me —®apianTar OOULeTO SHA‘Towne wena syG4aTo-teppayX: penyKTopos u< 150, a mor AeNbHBIX CHYYaAX M BBINIE (LAK y4eOHOTO MpoeKTHpORAHNS peKo- Menayetcn orpanwanrsca u = 3580). Tpyxcrynensarue sepasuusie penyeTopt wrorossiot ¢ nepe~ RATOWHIME wHCiIAMH u = 120-+2500 (ap yaeOHOM mpoexTHpo- BaHNH PexomensyeTes orpanmuTica 1 = 120-+400), § 83. KOHCTPYMPOBAHME BAIOB lan penyetopos oGmero nasnavenne, PeKOMEHLAYETCR BEANO: Jur npocrme Mo KONCTPYRUNK 24aDKue HAT ONMHAKOBOTO HONH- ‘naisuorg smramerpa mo sceit sMtmne; sie oBecrevenns TpeGyentx ocamox seTanei COOTRETCTAYTOUINE YHACTKM BAIA O:TKHM KMETS mpeayemorpeninse orknonerats. Ho ecsit MecTa fiocanok oT8sexbt OF Konua nang, TO yoranonKa seranelt sarpyauineres. [TooTOMy 418 ynoGcrea CGOpKK M paxGOpKN ysAa Balla, 3AMEHM TOMUANHHKOS AC pyrix nacaxnnaewurx, neranelt was otiomHsioT cmynewvams su, TIpmsep raxoit xorcrpyxumm mpencrannen ma pac. 84. Ha’ YAACTRAK masta, NPeMMASHANENHDIK /UNR HETOABIORHDIX MOCAMOK ETA ei, yxassibaior’ Ormroucinud pasmepoD Bata TH 36, U7, 76 6 co ‘ckocamit min ObNETYEHIR MOKTaxa. FaaMepsi chocoB, dhacox, mane (oecra Tm 1H), m-sanncmMocrs, oT JMAMErpa MpX- aétaroitterd! yracera:nana, TaKoDbt: daaia. «18-30 30-45 45-70 70-100 100-150 eee ag as as 3 4 ae. 9 Os 5 5 » » 0 © 0 Pre, 84, Koncrpysune saa peayeropa 167 1 Tepnostpatemne, nopwanisaues M8 0. 187 2 Heynasannue needeasnve omeaarenun pesnegol anbepemud m0, boned 10-6 1 4 pawn npurymums FOnn. Puc. 88, Paton B Mecte IIT nepexona xena¥or rastrenn pastycom r 8 saBncHMoctit or auametpa d; (paamepsi, mm): die ee ee 2 ee 15-30 30-45 45-70 70-100 100-150 Pease eee es 40 “10 15 20 25 Coe eee ee ee 15 200 25 30 40 B mecrax nepexona or d x D, ecam geranu 3nec ne yeranap- JuBaloT, mpeayemarpusaioT raitenm € pamuycom saxpyrnenua Rx0A(D — A). Tipaserit Konen pana ximHol | onmnaKosoro HoMunambHoro auamerpa d;=dy uMeet na yyacTke ammo |, orkionenme Kk6 Jaa nocamxn Mydrit win unxusa. Yuactox nenee, we compsraeMbiit © aeranan, noxasaH ¢ oreroHeHMeM ALI. So nossomser yMexb- ANT ‘wicO crynencit Bana, Tipumep sinoaenua pa6overo seprexa ctyneuatoro nana Ban wa puc. 8.5.TJIABA IX OTOPEI BAJIOB $9. |. ONOPbI KAYEHHA OGume cereus TIpoexraposaume onopussx yanon near cxenyioues opanxe. 1. HaMexaior acxusityio KOMTONODKY Yana; Ha OcHoRaHHM pac- MeTHOIt cxeMbt opHenTHpoROSHO ONpeNeMAIOT paccTosiINe MexIY ollopamit ¢ yxeTOM saxpenmenusix Ha Bay aerarei 2. Ha ocHopaHiM KutiewaTecKoli CXeMB Yad HM citoBo XapakTepUCTHKH MexaNNSMa ONpeneNsOT BEUEIS M HanpaDe- Hus aelicTByiouec 1a OOPS Harpy30K. 3. Hanewaior Tan 4 wace TosMOCTH MomMIMMNKA; yurrbmBaR ee yxasauitste Butte daxTopsi, onpenessoT pacveTHnili pecype BuGpanToro NOMMMMHNKA H cpasuUBaIOT croc TeopeTHECKIM. 4, YauTomas Besmuay, anpanenne Ht xapaxrep Warpy3ox, HapuauMIoT MocaAKH a COMpsXEHNS KOE NOsHMNHKOD ¢ BATON 4M Xopiycom, a TaKKe BKIOMPAIOT cHocoG KperLICHIIA KONE 1a nHocaoxmnix novepKHOCTaX. 5. BuGuparor Koncrpyxumo ymaoTHeHH H cnoco6 cmaasimasa yaa, 6. Oxonsatensno obopmunior KoucTpyKuO yaa, oGecneupan MPOOcTE H XCCTKOCTS ETA, COOCHOCTE OCATOMNLIX MeCT, HETKOCTE XONA, HAEXHOCTE mM Gesonacnocrs —oKcILtyaTaIuHH, MOHT@XK, eMONTaX HM peMoHT, KOMMeNcawiNo —TenI0B0ro Pacuneportn, Karine xapaxrepucruxn ocuonusix ‘Tuo NoAMMMNKOB KaNeMu Paduassusie odnopadune wapuxonoduunnuxu (puc. 9.1, 7862. 113) BOCTPHHMMAIOT PanMATbHble u OrpaHHYeHHBIe OceBble HArpy3KiS, AelicTeyioume B OGOHX HanpasreHHAX BION ocH Rana. Tloaunm- HH ZonycKaioT nepeKocst Ba10B 0 10; no cpaBHeHmo ¢ NOs UNMNHEKAMH ZPYTHX THOB UMcIOT MuMHMATBHBIE MOTepH Ha Tpe- ‘une; uKcupyior noxOxenwe BANA OTHOCHTeNIBHO KOpNycd 8 ByX ‘ocesbix Hampan.1eHHsx. Panuasibuste onHOPAZHBIe MaPHKOTOMUUIMMHNKH ¢ ABYMS 3a11tT~ mbm uraiiGamu (puc. 92, Tax, 13) sanonumotca na sanone- 176 Puc. 9.1, Tommi aapmconst < Sst > Pac, 92. Hosanna wapmon aaanast osopesaal © RN pease aan WITOTOBUTETE MIACTHUMIM CMA304HDIM MATepHAIOM HB OTIO~ HITeMBHOM CMaSbInAHMK He HYKAMOTCA. Paduassume deyxpaduvie cepurecrue wapukonoduunnuru (pwc. 9.3, Ta6x. T14) Bocnpammmaror pannaxbaere x HeSomuUHE ‘Ovcnnie HarpyaxKH; uKeHpylOT HoTOnKenIte Baa OTHOCHTENLHO KO nyca B Ryx ocesuix Hanpapennax. Baarosapa cnoco6nocts caMojcTaHapannaTsca OFM JONYCKAIOT HeCoocHOCTS NOcAZO™NIEIX ect (nepexockt) 10 2-3°. Poaukonoduunuku ¢ KopomKusu yuaundpurecKunu posuranue (puc. 9.4, ra6x. 15) mpeavasnasenst ana nocnpuaTus aHauHTesb- HBX PATMATBHBIX HArPY3OK; TOAMNNEMKH, uKCMPYIOUUNe BAT B ocesoM Hanlpapsienui, MOryT BOCHPHHUMATh KpAaTKOBpeMeHttbiC neGombulule OceRBIe Harpy3kH. TpeGyeTeR OeHL TOUHAR COOCHOCTE mocauomHbIX MecT. KoicrpykTipmsie pasHopMaKOCTH 9THx NOZINHTHHKOB 3aBHexT Of Hanuvus M pacnozoxeHua GopToR Ha HapyAHBIX. H BHYTPeH- Hux Koabuax. Toutmmmmkn Ges Goptop Ha Hapy2xHOM IIH BHYTPeH- AX KOMBIAX JIAIOT BOIMORHOCTE Baily HepeMelllaTbck OTHOCHTENS- HO Kopnyca B OceBOM Hanpassiennn (TAKE NO/UINITIKH WIHPOKO Ncnomaylores Kak MaBaromse on1ophi). Paduassno-ynopHsie’ wapuxonoduunnuru (puc. 9.5, xa6a. 16) BOCHPUANMAIOT KOMOMHHPOBAHTEIe PAAMBHO-OCeMBIC HArpyIKM; ‘OccBad TPYIOMOMBEMHOCTH HX 3ABICCHT OT YIIA KOWTAKTa, HMEIO- lero suasientia a= 12°; a= 26°; a= 36°} © yeemmvenne yraa Tloaumnx eapanooish fant epreckat X= 1 7Pac. 9.6, Moaumones poimonuti nome ‘rem oanopuuan nonyexaeman ocesas narpyaxa nospacraer 2a cx a er 3a exer pasitistiol, Fospammmncy cnocon Boenpmnttsrsoceayo Har yeny Fvinno WOM HahpaBnenm, nooTOMY 2n8 duKcauiM Bata 8 jomet x yeraasmmmpaior nonapio. ont Sorte Konuveckue posuronoduumaunas (pric. 9.6, 1262, I , Ta6a. 11) sor socrpmmniare.paawasunte W ocue warn Caeeaoueee BocnpmniMare oceayio HarpySKy 2aBHENT OF yrIa KoHYeHocTH t (a= 12"; a= 18; a= 26"; «= 36°); ocenan rpysonomiesiocn Bospacraer mpu yaemmvenm a sa exer paananunol. Ipu sero Panuansnoli warpyaxe » noaumununxe nosmuxaet océeax cocras- amioutas, roTopyio xowmencupyior ocenoll narpy3xof npoTiino- Ronomtoro nanpaaneyna; nosToMy ‘nk duxcaium sana 2 o6e €roponst nomunmeM ycraHannBaio% nonapyo. ‘Tloxunmxm Ronyexaior peryanposanite ocesoi rps u pasutarinoro sa%opa: Nepexoc nana omuocuTebHo oct KoHYca_Hestonyernt : prghnie wapercnodusmniny (pie. 9.7 X98, Ta0, TB) noe- NpuHEMAIOT TOLKO ocesKie narpyseH: OmMHapHME— R ofinOM nanpaszemm, pojinste ~ 8 neyx nanpannemnax. Tlonusitmnmar oNem> wyscrarenbins x HecoocHocTH u nepeKocaM ceil: IN Me CA Pac. 9.7. Tloaummwmn wapuconid Pas, 9.8. Tloaumnmee™ sip ‘opm ‘yopmat’ Cay pat) 178 cueayer ycraapaupath » omopax “opssoTambubix naz0B, MMeIOUIMK BLICOKHE WACTOTH BPA, TAK KaK OM nelicTBHEM NoHTpOGeKHLIX cIUT WApHKH MoOryT BbllirH uO GeroBBiX 10pO- XXeK, pH 3TOM BOIpACTAeT ciLIa TpentHs, yBCmMUABAETER HarpeB, ‘Venonmuie oGoanavenms noaummankon Kavenus conepaar mubop- Mawiio 0 niTyrpeneM zuaMerpe MomMMENKa, ero cepHH, THN, KOUCTpYRTUBILIX ocoGeHHOCTAX u KAacce TOSHOCTH, Tlepauie axe wipe KoMepa HomMMMMEA cripapa ‘jkagnipatoT manerp orseperua nilyrpentiero Kombaa NOAUMMMEHKA; 108 sHaMeT- pow d= 20-495 mm (sa cKaIOseuMeM MarHeTHIAx) aMaMterp OT- ‘eperna onpenessior YMuoxkeHeM OTHX UMP Ha 5. 3To npaRHto ue pacnpocrpaiiieres wa nojuuimumen ¢ d-<20 MM; 18 mux sane nocaeanue unpir cnpana cootaererayior: 00 — d= 10 xem: OL — dim 12mm, 02 — d = 15nM; 03 ~d = 17 MM. Tpersa n ceabMan unper yeasuiwsior ceputo noInMmMKoR (epaMe MaKe JHaMer- OB, 0.9 Mn) XapaKtepuctMKy. ero nO uMpiTHE (KampmMep, 1 —ocoGaaerxas, 2 — nerkas, 3 — cpentas, 4— TeKexaa); THM HOA lumina YkasbmacTeR B yeoBHON OGosHateMMM YerRepTOH umd poi cipana (wanpusep, 0 — paswazbuniit wapuxonsti, 1 — pamnami- wut wiapuxonsti cdepiteckitil, 2 — paauannimtt © xopoTkuoam posuxama). Koucrpyxrupmute ocoGeuocrt nosummisika ykaounaior . B Jeaobiio oGosMaeNmK naToi uMbpok wi aay mKpaN (nero wi“ wecroii) (nomumnunx ¢ KanaRKolt Ha wapyXHOM osibue, € sauiieriann I1@iiGanu, ¢ yROpHbIM GopToM Ha HApyAKHOM Konmile i T. 11). Kutdce “Towioct nosusmnanxa (OCT 520-71) yxassinaerca oAWol itnpoit nepex yerodnaiM OGoaHaNenueN nomumiAutnKa (HOP- Marbut’ Kiace oGoskasacroa uuppoit 0, monument — 6, sbi coral ~ 5, upeuseuonsint — 4, caepxnpentrsnonnttt ~ 2). Hexoro- HIE THosmiNiIKM st ULoBLINFOX Ho CHeuMaDEM TexMITIeCKH ‘peGopanaM; «TOOK HK MORN OBLIO OTAMSTS OT CTaHAapTHELE, K yorosmomy oGonitatenio uoMmiunA xoGaBAsOT cnpaBa 10- odmtenbnxe suaKH 8 Bie ump M OyKD pyccKoro anha- Bhiaenun ueKOTOpHX AONOMITEABHBIX 3HaKOD: ioe Tia act geTasiell ua KopposHoHHO-crolixoK cram — 10; RETAIN nloxIHTENKoR #2 TeMiocTolixux crane — P; cenaparop 19 sepitrx veraao ~T; cenaparop 1 mlacrseckin. Marepitaos — E: cenwamotwe TpeGonasia x nosey no myMy ~ I; TRogunmmutkn 3axpittoro ‘Tuma mpi sarioruteMN eMAdO¥HIM Marepitaiom LMATMM-221-C1. TIpwnepst yerooumx oGostavent 196-206 — nome mapwxossit pannaruunsii onnoparuttit, oHyT- Penunit anamerp d= 30 mm (06 x 5); nerxolt cepun; xnace TOX HocTH ~ 6; =2311 — nominmanx ponsmxossiit paanamutsit © Koporkuset ui IMHAIpeckHM PomHKaMi; BHyrpemuuli aNamerp d—= 55 MM (11 x5); epesueti ysxoii cepun; Kaace TouHoctu — 0, § 9.2. CXEMBI YCTAHOBKH NOAWHTNHHKOB KAYEHHA Aaa npexorspauers saxmmmsanus Ten KaseHIHA, BbISLIBAeMO- To TeMepaTypHbIM YAMINHeMHeM BAA HA HeTOMOCTSIO HSTOTO! ens geTanelt nomuMMMKOROrO Yaa, NpHMeNAIOT Be ocHOBHe exemat yeranopxn nosuunnunxos: 1) Guxcuposanwolt u naasaiouielt onopolt (puc. 9:9-9.13); 2) © duxcattelt spacnop. To cxeme 1» ovo onope yeratanmmaior nommune, uxcupyionmit nonoxenue sana oTuocirensio Kopnyca » OGOKX Hanpabienax; of xXecTKO KPenMTeX B oceBOM Hanpapiennn xaK wa pany, Tax MB pacrouke Kopnyca (eM. puc. 99). Onopa A ~ duxcupyromias; oa socupmimaer pazuazmunyio u sByCTopOH- moto oceakie Harpysex. Buytpenice Koso BToporo foun xa B xecr&o (¢ woMoutsio paxpeaHoro Koxbua) xpenutem Ha Bay oceBost HampanrenuM; Bueumee KombIO MoxeT cBOGO;INO epe- Mewarsex Bomb oc cTaxana (onopa B—rxanatomas). Jae enoGomoro nepenewtenna BHEMIHeTO Kombita NomUMNMNKA B CTA Kaule HeOGXOAUMO HASHAWHTS CoOTRETCTAYFOMIyIO TlOcaMKY ¢ 3a sopom, a Taxxe oGecnewiT® coorserersyiomui 3an0p (4), « ’ yy Puc. 99, Baa yerawonsen sa paswatsnux nosmmmncax; mpansih — guccnpo- 9.10, Bar yeranonnen + mpaasil ~ QuxenpoaaneLi Pre, 9:13. Mepagunat naa yer pana eH aay MoNREERS posmowouaNEAR inna sanasouie (palpamuil uopa sa) B xavecrde nitasaiourel onopst (5) ebi6uipaiot ty, Koropas Docnpaininacr memuny10 paznateuyo narpysxy (pac. 9.10, 9.11). Tipu snantemunix pacctosmuax Mexay oi1opanu JUIN yRemrenHa 2xxecrxoctu uxcupyloureli onopsi ¥acTo ycTaNaRnuBAlOT Ba o10- Paanirx paayanHo-ynopunx wapuxonoauuuunxa (puc. 9.12) HK apa Koumvecknx poumxonomummunxa (pe. 9.13). Taxaa ycraopKa xapaktepua Jia vepasuinbix peaykropon (419 aia yepnaxa) B ysnax, cnpoexruposannbix no’ cxeme 2, napyanbie Koma ‘omUMMHMKOD yoUpaIores » TOpUM. KpBIUtex, a TOPHDI BAYTpeHHUK xonen ~ 8 Gyprum naa (pue. 9.14, 9.15, 9.16). Bo waGexauue saemienus Tem xauennig oT Te\MHeparypaux edopmaunitpesyesearpmazor 330p (a), npepbivinomti TensLovoe yayunenue a> Al=alt, th rae a= 12-10-% — xoxdepmuient sumeBioro pacumpennx cram 1/°C; to ~ aamnas Testmeparypa pana'Mt xopnyca, °C; ty — pa- Govan Tenneparypa nana-m Kopnyca, “C; 1 paccrosuite MexIy ‘onlopaMt, MN yo a clit: aa Pac, 9.14, Bas-mecrepwn yeranonseu na payasuauin noAnnnnmc’ (ep8°R0p) 182 Pee. 9.18. Ban yeranonsen wa pasmasnanx noamumenax; eptuit opesize Pe, 9.16, Hpowexyrounsl nat peayeropa yerasonsen wa panamumtx unapaono ‘nencax KPO perme Aan panuasoaor wapxonomuaminkos Hpi oGkIuHOM neperiane Tesimeparyp naa i oKpyxatoutel cpeswa punumator a= 02+ +-0,3 MM. Perysinpyior 3230p ¢ HOMOUIGIO MEpIIX NPOKTAIOK (0) Mexay TOpHOBLIMH TlOBepXHlOcTAM Kopmyca wl KpLIUIKaNe (pac. 9.14). Cxewa 2 wneeT pan mpemmyuiecrs: xopmyc MoxeT sir» puttomen co cKnosHioH pacroxKoli ¢ oswoli ycraHOBKH, Ges sanmewxop, crakanon ycrysion, sro oGecnewmnaeT Goxt- ylo TowHocrs nocazommix MecT; ico geTanell B y3ne coxpauiaeres; yxoGen Mourax um peryampoaxa yona. Cneayet OTMeTHTH H HEAOCTATKH AAHOH CKEMHL: HEOGKOAHMOCTS HaDHa~ eww Gonee MeCTEHE onyxoD ua sumieliuue pasMeput, 02 MOKHGCTE SaifeMeNNS TeX KaveHRS mip GosBIKX TeMMEpatyp- sauix_sredbopManutnx. B yasiax wa pwc. 9.15, 9.16 nogumnmusae xpensr saxnanisnat potilnanat; HeOGXOsHMBIM 2420p a peryANpyIOT KOMtieHcaTOpHBIM KONMUOM.6. 183jefe eet Pee. 9:17. Muxaecrepm yeranounen ua pasmamo-yropm apne sinen- “mat cpa Cxemy 2—c ocenoii duxcanweli omuununKkos spacnop — caeayer NpHMeHATS JUI8 cpabIHTeNNo KopoTIUX BasIOB, uCHOM YR PANMATRHO-YROPHMe WapHxosMe MAK PomMMKoBLIe MOmUIENA- xu (peryampyembie). Taxwe nonumnuuxu (Ges npeasaputensuoro Harsra) ZonycKaioT peryaMposanue OceBbix 3a30P0B B_HeOGXO- ANMBIX mpesteaax Mp UX MoHTaxe MB Mpoulecce IKcnayaTaUMM. Tensosse yATHHENNa pata Me JONAH loHOCTSIO BEIOMPATS ocesite sasopsi. Koxcrpyxuma TaKUx nop mnpesicrasseHa Ha Puc. 9.17, 9.18, 9.19. B yanax puc. 9.17, 9.18 ocesoi sasop eryaupyercs KOMITEKTOM MeTAIINTeCKHX HPOKIALOK 6 TOsHUGOH 0,05 -0,5 nese, yoranopaennstx Mexaly Kopnycom (cTaxanos) 1 xpusi- Koll. Peryzmponxu ocenoro saxopa B yasie pic. 9.19 ocymtecraamorea auntoM 1, waii6oii cronopHoli 2 i u1aliGoll-ynopom 3. Tloammmmixonnie youth paswanbHo-ynopHEIMH nomUnMNKa- Mi, TlOcTaRsIeNHLIMH BPaCTOP, PeKOMeHAYETCH MPHMEHATE TPH 9.18, Bax commcxere peayiro Lyeramonaen wa KoMaecurx posAKon03e team apap ie foe : Pac, 9.19, Baa yerawonsen na Komicexn posmonozumNMAX; KPA npesmie www ff (iene, Ls). sy ee 928, Yerees r pmamcotepet: scone, serene reraaseraas mae ‘ MAs ~ ie 4 “Le Pac, 921, Baxaecrepi na womens posmiconoaummmmias, moira crea ornomenm I/d=6+8 (pic, 9.18, 9.19). %Kectkocrs onop c PAaqvatbHO-ynopHAIMH nomMMNHMKaMM 8 GosbmO; crenenu saBK- CHT OT cxeMBI ycTaHOBKH HX B yaie. Ha puc. 9.20 noxasanst pe cxeMbt YcTaHOBKH pamHabHo- YnopHBix nomuMNHNKos, nocTaBxeHHBx spacnop u spactsexxy. [pu 185onmnaxosom pasmepe 5 semua onopxoli Gast Lp snamrensHo Gomme: L;. Ha pwc.’ 9.21 mpencranren yen pxomuoro nana- lecTepiia KORMeCKOTO pemYKTOpA: TOMIMMANKN MOCTABEHBE Bpactaxny. 34 cHeT yseanrseuna Oa30s0r0 pasMepa L obecres BaeTex Gosninan KeCTKOCTS Y3.1a. OPHEHTMPOBOIHO MOKHO NPH- suinsats Tf! = 2 = 3. 27. § 93: KPEILIEHHE 10 AUMTHAKOB HA BAJY HB KOPMIYCE BuSop patonamnoro cnocoSa xpemieHNs NOAIIMTERKOS Ha Bay: 48 Kopnyce sapicwr OT Tuna TlOMIMMTHNKa, nestiMbt Nanpaonenua rciicToyIoMNX NArPYSOK, ACTOTH BpAMeHNs, YCHODHIL MonTaxa a gemonTaxa HT. n, B Tex cayuasx, xorna Ha nose mnie’ ae" neficrayeT ocesaa HArpy3ka_H REOGKOREMO mDeA- OTapaTars ToMKo Cxysaiinoe cMeuIeHHe NlonuIMMEMKa, —oce0e Xpeneawe ua RAY OcyMeCTANseTCH TOsbKO cOOTRETcTEyoUIedl MocaaKoit Ges npMeHeHia 1ouomtTembHKIX ycrpolicrs. HeKoTo- Me wanGontee pacrpocrpaxentbte crocoSut oceDuK xpenxentit IYUPCHWUK H-APYAHAN KOACU NONMTANKOR Ha BAY HB KOPMYCE aiet Ha pac. 9.22-9.25, +Ha pic..9.22,a Kombo momkUMAeTER K GypTHKY naa cne- MuaTsHod. ralikoll co cronopHo! maiiGor, -myrpemntit. muictyT xoropoi sxoauT B-ma3 Bata, a: HapyAnMi OTTHGaTCR BOE 3 nazop-raiixw, Pasmepst rack m waiG xamet # TaGa, 9.1 0 9.2. Ha pio, 922,6 suytpenues Komsuo mpixumaerca x GypruKy 27 Pac, 9.22. Cnocobut xpensenen 5 3 sere Soa eam 186 Pac. 9.23. Cooco6as xpenseme srropeyee ‘shea ecy amy pean asa peasGoBsiM KOBIOM ¢ npopesh¥o. Cronopenne ocymecrBaxcT= ea c noMombio musta 1. . Ha puc. 9.22;¢ xoabuo nosxmMaeres x Gypruky wana-mnocKoll ropnosoit maliGok x BinrrOM, a TaKKe eTOHOpHo!t urai#6oii. Phe. 9.22,2'— periieule YROpHRIN. CTONOpHEIM. MpyAMHHBIM Kombuom I npamoyrosHoro cexenns. Jax yaoGcrsa Montaxa aeMowTaxa yeTanonneNo TAKE KOMBEuCATOPHOe KONSGO 2. Pa- Mepst cranaaprHAx KONE M Kawapox ami B Tabs. 9.3, 9.4 Ha puc, 9,22, 0 xombuo saxpenaaeres Koponyaroii raiixolk € wail- Goi m umawTOM; npwmensor npu xeiicTBHM Gomsaux oceBbix ‘yaapmeix war py30x. Puc. 9.23 — wapyikHoe KombuO NomUNIMMNKa 3axKUMAgTCR Mey BuictynoM XPLIUNKH 3 yNOpHEIM GyprHxom Kopnyca, ‘Puc. 9.24 — HapyaxiOe KOABUO 3aKperLIeHo Mexy OyPTIKKOM KOP- yea ynopmune KoAbHOM JH NPYRKRHBIM cTONOpHLIM KOTBHOM 2, DeTaBAeHIKIM B xanapxy Kopnyca. PasMepst cronopnuix Kone H xanasox faut ‘ra6a. 9.5, 96. Puc. 9.25 wapyxnoe Xoo 3axpeniaeTcx B passemHoM KOpnyce ABYMa 3aKTAHBIMH (BPESHBLMM) KPBLIKAMM 1 KOMBIIOM- xKomencatopoM 6. ‘Ha pic. 9.26—9.28 npeactanseus Hexotopsie criogpbnr xper.te- AM PeryAMPOBK paMATHO-YROpHEX NOAMMMHMKOD. B yane wa puc. 9.26 sasops 8 nogumimHe peryampyior santo 1 (¢ Mesixoii pereGoll), maiiGoli 2 m cronopholl 1aHKoit 3; p yane wa puc, 9.27—ralixoll 1 m cronopyoit maii6olt 2, wm9A. Kpyrame raicen mamuentse (10 TOCT 11871—80) Paaneepss, we a pou | yp |e lalole 6 10 | 80 n wos | 90 6 2 0 | 9% | 16] as | 10] s 80 us | 100 85 120 | 10s } 90 ns | 110 96 130 | uo w | 12] 6 100 Bs | 120 Tipunep oGoamanemna ratios nopacamntoh romoern © anamerpom d= 64 sis, © waren penéx 2 sor c nose aonyera 6H, um cram 35X © nOepu Traixa M642, 6H.35K.019 POCT 11871~80 9.2. Cronopmue smorosanvarixe wali (no TOCT 11872~80) Paswephi, at 188 we w : wo | om |= | Ios a ee «| 20 ‘ 2) B fas » zh 3 13 |. =) ou [ae] e x z] 3 3 &] 8 cfs & | § 5 > | “ | « [10 * «| 60 0 n |i} s 4 ¢ 2) 3 8 mer | og | oo lot otatalr] es w | ws | a | isl 35 7 mn fas | 2 | ae] ae 9 fo2| 1 | 3s | 30 | [3a] a fa 189Mpodiasccine tabs, 9.2. mer toa | op Jojo} alrdrdes w | ws | 2 | 2 3} fos] w | ass | 34 | 2a 15 20 a | om afa n va | 30 | 4 9 a} a |x af? n.!}, a | 36 wlos} i 305 x0 | 39 a | B | 2 x0 % 3 | 4s 3 ¥ o | #|ss| s | 36 a o | 2 » 45 n | 2 8 nm | © 45 2 a | 6 ° 56 | a7 | 70] 78 3 © 2 | 75 6 | 3 6s 97 | a 6 16 a 102 | 85 6 | 08 2 ior | 90 © | m2 | 95] 95 2 io | 17 | 100 1 | 16 Iss:. |] 122 10s al 30 127 | 110 %6 ios 12 | us fans at | 10 | 20 joo. |] ror | 137} 20 96 + Mpwvep! oGooavenns cronoproll muoronamwarol maNGst ant xpyrzot amycvodl Fain c autawerpont pensGur 64 d04, 43 Matepuasa epyanls Ol norpurmuese 0,5 Mas6a 640105 FOCT 11872~80 , nepeneuttiouieit nuyrpenHee KONSNO JeBoro HosmUMMKA BAO para. Caeayer oGparirs nuunanme Ha 2axpenmenie aHYTpeHKIX Ko- tex, KoumeceinX ponuKonOmMMNKOS (ew. pie. 9.28), cenaparop XOTOPHIK BHCTYIAET HON TOPLOM ARYTpeNHETO KOmBNA MME AaeT BOSMOAHOCTS AOBEPHYT raliKy HO TOPLA: HEOOXOIUIMO MEKLY CTO opuioit maiiGolk H buyTpeMMUIN KONBYOM CTABHTS NPOMEXYTONOE xosbuio 1; 3as0ps B 9TOM yane perysupyror maGopoM Me TaAAHYeCKHK Kore 6. 190 9.3. Konsua mpysamnuie ynopmze niocKne mapyanre ‘SMeueMpweCME HW AAADKN LIN HY Pasmeptl, wat | of ie | mar Kamae a - sa 4 B | rane | S >: v » | 186 10 n | 2s n , 23 21,5 12 32, uw | 2s B as | ms 4 36 2% | ms 4 14} ot | 2 3 2% | 265 6 40 » | 25 16 xo | 28s 0 x | 02 21 4a a | a 2 as | 330 6 , 3s | 340 n 37 35.0 mR 49 x | x0 2» wo | 3s 38 19 1 a | 395 9 4 | as 2 a | 435 6 55] 6 a | ass 45 02 50 47,0 37 22 2 | 40 59 20 | 60 ss | 510 a 0 35 52,0 2 22 | 02.) 20.) . 56 530 4 6 ss | 580 «6 65 191Mpodosrcenue mabe. 93 Kananca_ Komuo Fue Tonyeracnan ‘ ewna, KL 2 [rans | 5 6 ' «@ | ste “ 22 | 02 | 20 | 65 @ | 30 n 6 6 | oo 4 & | 60 * m0 | 6x0 w | 28}os| 25 | 20 n | 0 2 6 | ne 86 ua somuua 21H pana auamerpost d= 30 na Koanyo 30 TOCT 13942~65 94, Koma npyammie ynopriie wiocrat pyamnte OMMeNTpHCCKHE M KANAB AI HX Pasneepit, sine @1L©. = 50", ae at Romo Kavaoe Toayomoes & Ts Petey & [a | warpynen ait 20 | sz 186 104 2 | 202 286 115 2 | ai [12 | 32] so] as [14 1235 24 21 22,5 Be 2s | 23 23,5 140 ry Tpodosseemie mab. 94 st Geo x 2 | Bs Be Pe x | 3 B 1 Bo baal se € | a g |g 38 53,8, 22 a | 3 70 65,5 28 79,0 Tonnes oars ns erp a d= Foc Ri as GPT OE Dasa Puc. 9.27, Cuoco gua onops nan (icomvecexe" posmeono.tumnet ‘cranaeiat apacra) 1939.8. Koz pyanmie ynOpHBe TAOCKHE RAR'TpeRME sKcHENTpHICHE Pasaepus, am 9.6, Konwua upysuumse yaopuute nsockwe mnyrpeniae KOMIEHTPHYECKHE MKANABION JAR 100K Pasmeptt, ost ft anes am dese “hon 8> boo Javanera| ava [3 2 amen z eure ant |4 | «| » Per als steli Spel e ise creel Eas als (EE |e (eh © las alm fae @ a2 | 485 [ago 42 so | 93511120 & 85] 2 | BShnes «: @ 133 B | as % 8s & | Shae & | S5lerafas| |] 50 | 933 22 % [8 2 | 3S Se 33 | SeSianal29 5 38 ws] | 3 fons 8 SS leon im [ims » 5% | So waa | os S188 Ysa] Jas] tos | tee firs S88 we fie 28 & [88 [rae ne is & [80 2 | 1 Voyaa $ [Ro we | ie m | Re wm |i B |F9fecafoa| [is] 125 | 48 bocod a Mpmaexanua: 1, Toma xomue S: = 100; 2. Pasye expyraemil xan 70.2 ax dy or 42,5; 4210354134. 3, Hipuvep oGcouavems xomua ane orneperu 7 ame d= 10475; $=20 5 ne d= 100 = 130. Kose $0 TOCT 1394368 : Tmeip ‘Kom Kevan loners erm gw | sf ole loa Ja | peep wo | as ro] 425 39.7 a | ass 4455 222 45 | 43s 475 46 | 495 40 48,5 a1 | 506 140] 49.5 463 a | 516 50,5 473 so | 42 53.0 5915 32 | 362 55,0 617 3a | 3822 370 a3 55 | 592 | 47 580 02 | 652 56 | 60.2 so | 19 66.2 38 | 22 ol 68.2 6 | 642 30 | 160] 63,0 na @ | 662 65,0 BB 65 | 692 680 16,1 a | 725 no 80,2 m | 745 no 826 n | 765 759 48 .t | 795 78.0 88,3 m | 925 810 917 so | ass | 20} 60] 180] 83,5 10,9 a2 | 875 855 | 22 127 8s | 905 200] 88,5 1167 r 195Mpodoarcenue Ganerp Komo aan Pl a |s|efrl a fale a | 93s 60 ous | 22 90 | 953 935 s2 | 975 | 20 200 | 95'5 02 95 | 1003 98,5 93 | 1035 1015 100 | 10s's 1035 102} 108.0 1060 wos | 1110 1090 103 | 1140 1120 uo | 160 | 25] 70 | 22.0] 1140 | 28 | 03 na | 1189 1160 us | ins 119.0 120 | 1263 1240 Tipmuep yeronnoro oGoxnaenna xosbus 20" alancrpa orscperis d= 47 x Te wathnestin MoxpLTHeN! TosNNON 15 MEM, poke Kesyo A 47 651 x0 xp FOCT 13961~68 7 K : mn Fr $ah, Caos pene tps num nt sham sit ny § 94. KOHCTPYHPOBAHME OTIOPHBIX ¥3108 PEIVETOPOR B iyemmapmueckux mpaosyGux mepeaayax wer’ nocrosu- HBX OCeBBIX Yeu, OANAKO OM MOTYT BOSHUKHYTS. cayvatino. B casau ¢ oTHM pexoMenayerca omy u3 onop B ysue uKcHpo- Bars. B peayeropax c mMAMNapuNeckuMn KocosyObIMu’ KOTecaMMt aelicryer nocTosuias ocesas narpy3ka, BospacTatomias MpH YBenH- 196 Pre, 9.29, Taannounit naavinecrepes (wenponnoro pesyeropa) Meu yrna Haxnona ay6sen. Pagwanbune omHopsunie non MIMMIKH enenyeT BAIGHATE B Tex CHY'ARK, KOFAA OceDAR HArpy3KA F, cocrapazer Meuee 035F, (Fx —CYMMapHax paswatbHas peaxuns), B mepenavax ¢ meapoxHMN KonecaMH AK cABoeHHEIN ocoaySsinit, O6paayiollNMHtIIeRPOH, OCeBE YCWLTHR OTCYTCTBYIOT. OnwaKo ¥3-34 HeTONHOCTH BrOTOBTEMNR Ht CGOPKK B saNERTEHHE MOXET BXOANTS TOMBKO OAH IHEBPOH; MPH 9TOM B HEM BOSHIKAET fovenax cia, KOTOpAX CTpeMHTCR TepeMeCTiITb pal-WecTepHIO Bionb oc, B cason ¢ 3THM OnKH 13° BasI0B (OBBIYHO BXON- oii — Gsicrpoxontbill) enakoT masaiouuEMG; On caMoycTaHan.aN- BaeTes mo Komecy Gostee THKOXoMHOTO Dasa (pHC. 9.29). ‘Hoa yro6crea CGopEn m peryaHpooKM peayuINe BAIKK M ON LMIMTTHNKH KOHIECKAK PeAYKTOPOB OOBIIO MONTHPYIOT B CTaKaNaX; KommiccxHe PONNKONOMIKNHNKH OGeenewHAICT GOAMUyIO BREET. KocTh, NeM IlapHKONOAMIMTNRH, HO TOTEpH Wa TPCHNE B MUX B 3-4 pasa nome, vem 8 mapyxonommmmanKax. [lax Ban08 epBasHBIX PeAYKTOPOD MPH MexOCCDOM PaCcTOsHNH dy > 180 Mn wenecoopasHo ePBAK YcTaHaRAMBATh Ha MBA” pamwaTh- Mo-Ynopsix nloaummmKa ¢ a= 26+ 36°, a_smpyryio onopy DuMOTETS naanaiomel (eM. pwc. 9.12, 9.13), Bab YepassHbtx KoNeC CueaYeT MONTHPORATS HA PAMMAMTDNO-YNOPHBIX UlAPHKOBKIX WIM KOHWECKHX — POANKONOMMIMNINNKAX —C YFTOM KOHTaRTa a=12217, Koncrpyxuuia craxawos ana na puc. 9.30; marepnas —cepstit arya (CH 15). Cootwourenss passepon craxanon: h = 0,1D; hy =; hy ® 1,2h; by f= (10+ 12)dy; BRA — (1+ 15) MM; D+ wt4 |e I a s 4 9 | ih h a Pac. 9.31. Kpssmen rayne: @—€ yaamuemmnn Capron, € ‘Soprow n< 13 ane . re05e, rss a| a » a Pre. 9.32. Kpaiunr cxsosme: ana AIS bo; 6 b> 1S ho > fh Pre, 9.33, Kpumon sacasamue: @—rayxan; 6 cxoosnan ” +4.5)d,; By = 128; By = (13 + 1,5)B; B—umpmua xomua non tumuma; d= 6 +12 mm (~0,1D). Uncro puron or 4 (ape D<80 mm) 0 6 mpa (D> 80 naw). Tommmy crenxu cTaxana h upHMMMalor B 2aBHcMMoCTH oT suamerpa D oTsepetua craxana no cienyioumim 3aplicumocTsM: D,wor. . . Mo 52 Ca, 52 0 80 Ca, 80 20 120 Ce. 120 x0 170 Ames. 21 4-5 68 8-10 10-125 Koncrpyxmm mpwxuneux rayon xpsiuer moxasamt na wc. 9.31. Koncrpyxuma cxnosux xpuiutex (c orseperuman) Jiana a pc, 9.32. B xopnycax peayxropos ¢ ropmourammsm passemoM_npen- Towrnrenmt Bpesunie xpumxn (puc. 9.33): $28 +12 mM; pix 198 a 4 ’ R R Ce. 10 20 50 d-05 3 1 os Ce. 50 0 100 d-t 5 15 os 9.8, Parwept Kauapox » orsepetisx Kopnyeos, MM 99. Wepoxosarocrs nocanomux wosepxuoctell patos ormepermit Kopnycon. Ty, MEM, AI HOMINID ance Tiocenownue nouepuwocnt | roxtoern mEAMerpon, MAL omsmansanso8) Go" 80_| Conse 80 a0 500 Banon n orveperait xopny-| 0 1,25 25 con ™ ons 063 125 Topuon aanitewuxos 0 28 125, Busioa a xopuycon 65 425 128 19Do = 50 + 150 mat 85 +7 MM; e = (0,9 + 1,0)8; Do ~ auamerp oTpepeTHa no HoAUNTHHK. Zam suxona wandosanbusix xpyroe Ha Bazax HB Kopnycax PAIOM ¢ SantewKaMH nenaioT KaHapKH (ra6a. 9.7, 9.8), oxnaKo MM ocnaGamoT Ban, BMObIBAR KoHNeHTpaWO HanpaxeHHti, NOoTOMY HX MOXHO ‘BLINOHATh TONBKO B BANAX, HMCIOLUX Gomsiol sanac npowocra. B'Taxexo MarpyxeNHAiX nanaX Hee coobpasnee senaTs raxteaH. Mepoxosarocrs nocanownx Mect HasKayaior no Ta62, 9.9. § 98. KTACCBI TOUHOCTH HM TOCAAKH TOAUMITHHKOB KAYEHHA TOCT 520-71 ycranapampaer nsre Knaccon TowoctH oA ‘nunnutron aveinta, oGosnavaeMX 8 OPAAE MODKIIEHHA. To Tloxmumunxu ‘niicoxux xnaccos towocra (5, 4, 2) orioci- TemsHo Aoporu. Hanpumep, nommmmmk 2-ro Kaacca npn6muan- ‘Tenbuo B 10 pas xopoxe ataiorMuHoro noaummumKa 0-rO x1acca. Tonycku Wa Hapyxusie H BHYTpeHHHe KomLUA 3aBNeRT OT THA HOUNTHHKa, ero pasMepoB H Kil4cca TOsHOCTH, some ala +R stitiel me mer ! a 4 oa iA a rl Sa BEL Puc. 9.34. Cxeua pacuosoxcin soxch 0nyeKo8 18 shyrpenmt ‘Merpus wosunimwon kava (na 802 © KOPIN) 200 PacnoroxeHwe Morel ROMYCKOB KOMEN MOAWHTHKOB NOKA.AHO wa pwc. 9.34 (no TOCT 520~71), Tlocaaky HapyxHoro Koxbua B Kopmyc WAH cTaKaH BuInO!- HaIOT B cHCTeMe Basta. Tlocaaxy nyrpensiero KoMbUIa nomMmTMKa wa wan ocy- MecTB.ATAOT TO cHCTeMe OTBEpCTHs, MONE AoNyYcKA Ha smHAMErp OTBEPCTHA BHYTPEHHErO KONSMA TOMMIMMHWKA PAcTONOKeHO He B Teo Koutbua, KAK 3TO HMeET MecTO MUR“ OCHOBHOTO OTBEPCTHA, 8 «@ osmyn. Conpmxeune HapyxHoro Kombua nosummHuKa ¢ oTpeperHeM xopnyca Hit CTaxatia BHMOTHAETER OOBIIHO TO nepeXomHEIM rmocalikam, OGecTeSHBAIOINM BEChMa MABE HATATH HI ne5om- MMe 3830p61, MosmonmOMMe KONbIY MPH paGoTe HecKONbKO Mponopasumarkca OTHOCHTEMRHO CROETO NOcaMOMHOTO MecTa. ITO oGecnesumaer mpit Mectuon uarpyxxems Goxtee pantomepsisi 33- Hoc Gerosbix sopoxer, Tax Kak TON MecTO seliCTAHA ciLIb Gyayr monarars nce KoBbIe yuacrRH Kombua. Tlocanky nomun KoB BUIOMpaIOT Tax, 4TOGsI KosIBLI, compsraeMoe ¢ Bpamaromtelicn eTamBIO, UMETO HATAE (HENONBIKHOE COCUNEHKE), a APYTOE KOTO, ‘conpsraeoe ¢ nertonsinxnolt neTamsio,— ne6ombinoi 9820p (npo- ‘cxammanrmar%e). PasnumaioT cresyiomse Duis RarpyKeHU KOEN: MecTHOe, nIpxynanuonnioe m KoneGatenbHoe. Tipe Mecmnos MarpyxemMm pesyasTupytomaa paswatbuian arpy3ka TOCTORHHO BOCTPHAMACTCH Juli OrpartHensuint yaacr- KOM opoxxit H Neperaeres COOTRETCTRYIOMIEMY YuaCTKY roca.t0%- noit novepxHocts para Wau Kopnyca. Taxoli pwn narpyxxcnms MMeeT MecTO NH noctosmHoM wanpapnenmm pexropa F,,, mpi oweinorg k HeNOABIEAHOMY KObILY TOAUMMINKA, HIM MpH Bpaue- HHH vexTopa cium Fy BMecTe ¢ KONBUOM NOZUMIMNMKA B ‘onion Henpapstenm ¢ onmaxonoi yrioD0l exopoerei0. Tipu yupkysayuonnose warpyxxextit pesyzbTHpyioMta pana ax Harpy3Ka mlociesOBaTeNSHO BocTpHNMIIMAeTCR Beit OKPYX- HOCTBIO AOPOXKIE KANEMTN H NepenaeTeR TAKKE MOcEOBATEMBHO Ha BClO OKPYAHOCTS MocafOMOH NOBepxHOCTH Basia HLTH KOPnyca. Taxoe narpyxenne HaGmonaeTes, KOLA KONSUO Bpamtactes OT- HOCHTeTbHO NOCTOREHOH No HANpaBLIeNO paIMANbHOM warpysKH WIM Kora Mampapsenne narpy3KH woMeHReTCA (epamaromiaaca Marpy3ra) No OTHOMIEHINO K HENONBIEKHOMY KOLTBIY. Tip xosedamesonom warpyxeHH Ha TOSUINMENK coBMecTHO aelicrayioT narpyska F,,, NOCTOsHHaA Mo Haupapsenmo, H Bpa- muaiomases warpysea F,>, npHtem pasHontelicreyioman 9THx Harpy- 30K He cosepiiaeT nonHoTo oGopoTa, a KoxeGaeTea Ha onpe- HenenHoM ysacrKe Respamiaroureroca KOmbHA (Ha HeKOTOpst yFO.1) 2019.10, Toca pasuaauuerx wapako- w posmxonoqumumcos Kasccon Ou 6 Toa aoayeron maior respon Harpyxeme roma Tips marppconm aapawere Rossum | _wapyaurO roma Mecruoe 56, W6, 96, 5 6, Ig HT upry amumounoe K6, m6, 06, 16 NT, MT, XT KoneGaremuoe 6, K6, 56 1, J, H6 9.11, locas paswamsno-ynopmrx mapmco- m pozmonosnmnmncon 9.13. THoxummuca wapuxosute poamconsie parasite 1 Wapmcontie pasmaanuo-ynopmste, Kou wapyxnie Kenase 0 Knace 6 Tipexeasuae ormioueus, mx, apyxnore romena ‘wuee | sepiuce | waoaee | vepunee Ca. 18 0 30 -9 -8 » 30» 50 = ~9 » 50 » 80 -B » 120 » 150 ~18 15 » 150 > 180 25 =18 » 180» 250 -30 =20 Pecyanpyeoe | Heperyanpyewoe ‘Bax narpyxenix xoxen Tons aoayexon ee | opnyeor opnyeon epeyaautonsioe 56 H6 | 37 | m6, m6,|N7, M1, 6, 48 | KI, U7 Komsno nepesrema-| f7, crea no nocanosnoi | x6, | a7 | — - Mecr- | novepxuoers is Kommao we nepente-| 6) | M7, K7,| Jf 46 | M7, KT maetex no nocaxos-| “6 | 7 Hn oi nosepxwocrs 9.12, Tlommmmamcn mapmcosize m posmomsie panama 1 tApeKoBte pasnamHO-yuopmise, KOTAEA BYTpexIMe Kasco 0 Knaes 6 Wirrepearst wonmmansmex | Hpezemunie ormzoucuns, men, oTseperia sramerpon ayrpewmero om wmmwnce | vepnnee | _vorxnee | vepance Cs. 10 x0 18 -8 =1 » 18> 30 =10 =3 > 30» 50 =2 =10 » 50» 80 =15 ° <2 ° » 80 » 120 =20 =15 > 120» 180 =35 a1 Pexomensamii no HasHaYenMo MOCAIOK NOAIMTENKOR aN B ‘ra6a.9.10, 9.11. Mpenemsanie orxnonenun BHYTPeHMeTO M Napyaxtoro Kove IMApHXOBEIX H POAHKOBLX HOAMEMENKOR (KIACCOB TOSHOCTH Ow 6) aan» raGn. 9.12, 9.13. § 96, CMA3KIBAHHE WM YILIOTHEHHE TOAUIMMHMKOBBIX ¥310B Zins cmasummamis nosimeminkos npuMeRsIOT rzacTTHBHe HHA kue HeptaHie cMaxoNbe MaTepHama (ra6m. 9.14, 9.15). Tpebye- MYIO _BSGKOCTh MACTa MOXHO OMpeneMMTh mo HoMorpaMMe 9.14. Taseremue cMmowne Matepmans 7 TFennepa sr npee rose roct | axcamarunam*C.|"Wnane” aS Tupperuposamuse kansimenwie comaoms Comzon cuuterivecenii | 4366-76 | Or -20 a0 +65 | 85-105 (common C) Tpece-commaon C 4366-76 | Or -30 20 +50 | 85-95 Commzonm xpos, 1033-79 | Or -25 20 +65| 75 pece-cosmaoa Maorouesenie Siwrox-24 2115075 | Or —40 20 +130] 180Mpodosxcerue mabs. 9.14 Hawwenosanie vw vapra cman rocr Tenmeparypa a eaayarauiag °C ‘Tevenepa- ‘ype ma ua, °C Moposocrotixne (ryronaanine) UMATHM.201 QUATHM-203 6267-74 8773-73, Harprenuie w narpneno-camauenue Koncranmns >xnponse YT-1 BHM HI-242 91-176, sapra A. 1987-73 STinrwentie 20421 -75 ~16 TY 38 10196— ‘Tepmocroiacne (Konmaekeute kaztuamentie) UMATHM.221C -T3 ry 38 101419 Baxyyaunse auradpriumonnse BHYM HI.274 1937-73, Or ~60 a0 +90) 175 Or =50 2 +90] 130 Or =20 x0 120 ]130~150 Or —40 a0 +100 |170-205 Or 28 x0 100 |170-200 Or —60 20 180 |203-207 Or —80 go 160 |190-200] 9.15. Kazuo cwmromue sarepunss ‘oer, Tempe Hanenosarne tor 6 aie ype °C nm oGomayeme macaa | FOC Pe sore | 100°C | nen [2B fwayerpnambme: W8A. 6-8 130 | -20 W12A 10-14 165 | —30 W208 17-23 180 | —15 W258 2079-75 | 24-27 | — | 180 | -15 W308 28-30 190 | -15 W404 35-45 200 | =15 WS0A 47-55 200 | =20 W-70A 65-75 200 | —10 Mpodoncenie mats. 9.15 Braxoer, Tenens aren aC Hanwcronsne roct a = s0%¢ | 100% | "ama | BePze" ‘Anuanonnie: MC-14 14 | 200 | -30 MC20¢ 2im3—16 | — | 20 | 250 | a8 MK-2 22 | 230 | —14 MC-20 20,5 _| 300 | -18 ‘Typ6munoe: 2 32-74 | 2-23] — | 180 | -15 30 28-22 180 | =10 6 oa 19s | 10 3 3559 195 | — 11-28 (aan nporaruax | 6490-78 | — | 26-30 | 285 | —10 eranos) ‘Tpancamecwonnoe - - 8 | 200 | -2s Axrowobiosoe: ‘ia KopoGox nepenas | — - | 2-32 | - | -20 ‘aaa ramowamax mepe-| = - we | = | 2 mas Ljmsnpovoe 38 ea—76 | - | 38-44 | 300 | -17 Uyruniaposoe 52 e156 | - | 44-59 | 310 | —5 (puc, 9.35): sepes Tosxy nepecerenus sepruxanonoit mum, coor percrayroiell suyrpeniemy :ulaMerpy noammmunKa d, ¢ HaxrOunol (Coorsererayromen anion wacToTe BpalleHHs n) mponecti ropwaox- a> (OMpae WK Beno) 0 nepeceyena c DepriKasbto, xoTopax cooTeercrayer paGoxell Temepatype f. Wepea ary. Tosxy TepecevetH NPOBOAAT HAKLTONHYIO UPsMyIO NapasuiembMO ZUM. actor spattenus. Tlepecevenue 2TOIt HaKTOHNOll ¢ nepruKaTbHOl tinue HoMorpannes, coorsercrsyromeit Temepatype 50°C, na XOTOPOM HaHeCCHAI BEINN KHHEMATHYECKOR axSKOCTH B M/C pu t = 50°C, onpenesser pexomenzyemyio nxaxocr». Hanpumep, Paumasbintit omMOpanABAit wapKonomuAaMK (d= 60 mM pH n= 1000 06/mun tt = 75°C) pexomenayeTes emastisaTh MacsioM, meow BaaKocts 42 smt/c mpx t= 50°C. B peaykropax MpUMeuROT cHeAyIOMMe MeO CMASBIBANNA MOALMDKOBBC Yi08: MOrpyAcRHeM OMIMTENKA B MACHAHY:O BAHHY (pwc. 9:36); umwren (pc. 9.37), pas6psrsrapannies (xaprepaas), nom AapenneN. 205wt te ey oy ees 5 son 0 Pac, 9.38, Howorpannm aa suGope (cmpryaimutormas); macammim TyMaHoM (pactttenmen), Macnanyio pany MpuMenmot mpm dat < 200-10? rant-o6/MaHH 71K TOpH3OH- ‘TAHT BaNOB, FOTIA OAIIMIARK HSOTHPOBAH OT OGmeH cHCTeMEL cMmasKu. Macsio sampactea » Kopmyc wepes Macnetiy, nepxiit yponeub KoTopoli pacnonoxen 110 3aslaHHOMY YpoBHIO MacTa -B opnyce. ‘Cassmane ¢ nomoupio urrizett (puc. 9.37) mpumenmor an TopwonTamHBx M — RepruKansMX patos Mp dag < < 60-10? nont- 06 stunt. Chasermanne pas6pbornsannen mpmertAior, Ora MOAUNMTHMKM. YoTAMOBAEHB B KOPNYCAX, HE HIONNPORARHE fot o6teli cuctesar cwaaxu yana. Bpamaronniecs eras (sy6xa- ‘Tule Koneca, AUCKH H Mp.) COMPHKACAACE C MACTOM, 3AITM B aptep, pH ppailiemn pasGpsrsruparor Maco, KoTOpoe nonaxaeT a Tex Kaveri M Gcrosble LOPORRH KOEN MOmUMITMAMKOS. Jing nanmers: nonmmmmaxos oT o6iuTsHBIx crpyil Maca (KOTOpETe cosmator GsicrpoxoaHBe KocosyGnIe miecTepin uA NOpBAKH) H OT NOnananus B HX npoaYKTOS H3HOCA CTABAT samrTIIe wallGsx (pnc. 9.38). ‘Cetasnimanue nom aapieHneM sepes opcymen mpunenstor ana eayKTopon, paGoTaHoMLUNA MpoOMAHTEm10€ BpeMs Ge3 NepepHIBOs, & TAKE JIA OOP BEICOKOCKOPOCTHEIK MepesIAY, B_KOTOPLIX He oGxommo oGecnesiITs muTeKCHBHE OTBOX TenTOTE. ‘Cyraabrmanme MaCHaIIM TYMAHOM NPHMEHAIOT 11% BEICOKOCKO- POCTHNK JerKonarpyxciNEX nomUMKoS. C MOMOMIBO cHe- MANBABX pacKBUTHTeNeli MOA MABMEHHeM BYIET NORACTCA CTPYR noayxa, KOTOPAd YBNeKAeT YACTHIE Macita. JTOT MeTOM NO3BOMACT Macay TPOMAKHYT® B TONIIMMIMKK, PACTONOMERHEI B TPYAIK AOCTYMMLIX MecTAX, COBAAeT MpOTOMOS CMAIKIBARME TPH MINI MambHoM pacxoze Macna, oGecnempact xopolmiee OxTAKIEHNe NORIMEHHEA, a aReHMe MpenoxpanseT y3en OT sarpasHenuts. Pre, 9.38, Hloaumoaucr ¢ sacnoorpaxa- > Pec, 9.39, Mazeyacpamarouce KomueTisacmuvnne caazounse Mamepuass mpumensior B y3nax np dyn < 300-10? win -06/MH, KOTa OXPYKaiOUIaR cpema COePANT BpeANBIe MPHMECH WIM TeMMEPaTypA Ya.1a PeIKO HEMEMAET CA. Tipenemsnas Temepatypa yaa Ao.cxHa GwiTb we Menee, vem wa 20°C murxe Temmepatyps Kanenanenma. Tia ovnencnus yara oT o6mtelt cwasoWoH cucTeMBl mpuMeritiot Maseysep- xxmaiommme Konsua (prc. 9.39), npamaromuecs BMecTe © BazOM; KombUO HMCeT OT HBYk NO YeTHIpeX KaHAHOK; 3430p MexAY KoMBIIOM H KOpmycoM (crakanoM) 0,1—0,3 nm. Komuo 0snKH0 GuTm ycranonseno Tax, "ToGo ero Topen BBiXOmNT 3a creMKy xopnyca (craxana) ua 1—2 moa (puc. 9.40). B YcaoDHsx BBICOKOTO BaKYYMa, MIITENCHBHOTO HoMHSHpyrOMIe- TO WOAYYEHHS, BHICOKHX HM HMGKHX TeMMepaTyp, TaSOBBIK ATpeccHBMMX Cpe MpHMeHsOT TBEpAMe cMa3O4HBIE MaTepHA.T: Ancymua MonaGxena, ropon.tacr, rpacur; AK HaOCET TONKHM cHOeM Ha TpYMMECK NOBEPXHOCTH. Ynaomnsvowue yemporicmsa no NpHAMiNY JeHiCTBHA pasmenaIoT Ha KOHTARTHBIe (MarxeTHDIe), NAGMPHETHBE HW MeNeBBIe; NeHTPO- Gexune 1 KoMOuaupopannsie. Mamxernue yrtoruemua (ra6x. 9.16) pasaessiot Ha na ocHos- “max tuna: Ta I MpHMeHsIOT pH cKOpocTH cKOTBKeNHA v<20 mje; Tum I (© misuibHHKOM) —npHMeHsoT —mpH v<15 m/c. Tovepxuocte pana nom yruiorHenses AomKHa GpITh saxarenol 0 Teepzocra HRC 40, Merb ulepoxonarocte Ra <032 mes, a ata orseperis Ra=25 xm. Jonyex sana Mom ymaorHeHHe omKeH cooTRETeTROBATS fll, Tax woenewenus Mamet » KpsMIKaX nenator 2~3 orsepeTus. Pecype marxet = 10 5000 4; oR HaeKHO paGoTaIOT KaK pH MNACTHTNGIX, TAK MPH -RHAKIX cMAIONNUK MaTEpHATAX px nepenasax Temneparyp or —45° 10 +150°C. Puc, 9.41. Yaex noaumumuaca © Sauicerauie yaoruenven (OTKPHE ‘mue) 9.16, Mawxersi pesnmossie apmposa Paanepai, ost a D 10; 11 6 12:13; 14 | 28 is; i6 30 | ]- iv 2 18; 19 35 fant fun tt 20; 21; 22 | 40 24 55; 56; 58 | 80 he o 63; 65 90 70; 71 95 15 100 80 105 | 2/16 85 lo 90; 95 120 100 125 10s 130 Ha pwc, 9.41 mokasana yetanoska oTkpsiTol Maixerst, PeKOMeHAYeMAg TOABKO MPH AABXEHHM DHYTPH Yara, OSKOM x armochepomy. Ip BBIcoKoM lanieHHM ® ame cieayer MpHMeHsTD 3aKpHITHIe YrLTOTHEHHA (Puc. 9.42), TAK KAK OHM HE DEIMABIINDAIOTEA M3. KPHIUIKH. Tipn paGote yaa B ocoGo mbumbHoH cpexe crapsT soi ube ymaoTHennA (pc. 9.43,q) sum AByKKPOMONHDIE MalnKeTHL © mummamnom (pic. 9.43,6). Ja6upmerustc ynnorHers npuMensioT MpH mOGKX CKOpOCTAX. Ocenoe yrnoTHeHIMe s11K pasKeMMBIX KOpNyCOR MOKAIAHO UA puc, 9.44; panuanbHoe ~ Ha puc. 9.45 u menepoe — na pic. 9.46, Sasopbt sanlommMOT MTaCTHIHBIM CMA3O4HBIM MATepHALTOM, TeMIe- 209