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Tut-4 Machines
Tut-4 Machines
Sheet 3
Q1. At standstill the currents in the main and auxiliary windings of a capacitor‐start induction motor are
Im=14.14A and Ia=7.07A. The auxiliary winding current leads the main winding by 60o. The number of
turns (effective) are Nm=80 and Na=100. The windings are in space quadrature.
Determine the amplitudes of the forward and backward stator‐mmf waves. Suppose it were possible to
adjust the magnitude and phase of the auxiliary‐winding current. What should its magnitude and phase
be to produce a pure forward mmf wave?
Q2. A 110V, 50 Hz, 4 pole capacitor start motor has the following constant in ohms and losses in watts
R1m=2.02, X1m=2.79, R2=4.12, X2=2.12, Xm=66.8 Core Loss = 24W , Friction and windage = 13W
For a slip of 0.05, determine the stator current, power factor, power output, speed, torque and
efficiency when this motor is running as motor at rated voltage and frequency with the starting winding
(auxiliary winding) open.
Q3. Find the mechanical power output of the 4 pole, 60Hz, 110V single phase induction motor, whose
constants in ohms are given below, at a slip of 0.05.
R1m=1.93, X1m=2.58, R2=3.42, X2=2.58, Xm=57.8 Core Loss = 37W , Friction and windage = 12.4W
Q4. For the single phase induction motor of Q2. running at a slip of 0.05, determine the ratio of the
backward flux wave to the forward flux wave. Plot a half wave of the resultant flux distribution for
instants of time corresponding to ωt=0,45,90,135 and 1800, zero time being chosen as the instant when
the forward and backward flux waves are in phase. if the forward and backward flux waves are
represented by space phasors, draw a diagram showing the components and the resultant for the same
five instants of time. Sketch the locus of the tip of the phasor representing the resultant air‐gap flux
wave.
Q5. Derive an expression in terms of Q2=(Xm+X2)/R2 for the nonzero speed of a single phase induction
motor at which the internal torque is zero.
Q6. A 120V,50Hz capacitor‐start motor has the following constants for the main and auxiliary windings
(at starting)
Main Winding, Zm=(4.5 +j3.7)Ω Auxiliary winding, Za=(9.5+j3.5)Ω
Find the value of starting capacitance that will place the main and auxiliary winding currents in
quadrature at starting.
Q7. The equivalent circuit constants of a 220V,50Hz, 2‐phase squirrel cage induction motor in ohms per
phase are
R1=0.534 , X1=2.45,Xm=70.1,R2=0.956,X2=2.96
This motor is operated from an unbalanced 2‐phase source whose phase voltages are, respectively, 230
and 210 V, the smaller voltage leading the larger by 800. For a slip of 0.05, find (a) the forward and
backward components of voltages (b) the forward and backward components of currents (c) the stator
currents in phase 1 and phase 2.
Q8. A single‐phase load is supplied through a 33,000‐V feeder whose impedance is 105+j360 and a
33,000:2400‐V transformer whose equivalent impedance 0.26+j1.08Ω referred to its low‐voltage side.
The load is 180 kW at 0.85 leading power factor and 2250V.
(a) Compute the voltage at the sending end of the feeder.
(b) Compute the voltage at the primary terminals of the transformer.
(c) Compute the power and reactive‐power input at the sending end of the feeder.
Q9. A 500‐KVA 50‐Hz transformer with an 11,000‐V primary winding takes 3.35A and 2960 W at no load,
rated voltage and frequency. Another transformer has a core with all its linear dimensions √2 times as
large as the corresponding dimensions of the first transformer. Core material and lamination thickness
are the same in both transformers. If the primary windings of both transformers have the same number
of turns, what no load current and power will the second transformer take with 22,000 V at 50 Hz
impressed on the primary?
Q10. The high‐ voltage terminals of a 3‐phase bank of 3 single‐phase transformers are connected to a 3‐
wire 3‐phase 13,800‐V (line‐to‐line) system. The low‐voltage terminals are connected to a 3‐wire 3‐
phase substation load rated at 1500 kVA and 2300 V line to line. Specify the voltage, current and kVA
ratings of each transformer (both high‐ and low‐voltage windings) for the following connections:
High‐voltage Low‐voltage
Windings Winding
(a) ∆
(b) ∆
(c)
(d) ∆ ∆
Q11. Three single phase 50‐kVA 2400:240‐V transformers with equivalent resistance Req=1.42Ω and
equivalent reactance Xeq=1.82Ω (with respect to high voltage side) are connected ‐∆ in a3‐phase
150‐kVA bank to step down the voltage at the load end of a feeder whose impedance is
0.15+j1.00Ω/phase. The voltage at the sending end of the feeder is 4160 V line to line. On the secondary
sides the transformer supply a balanced three phase load through a feeder whose impedance is 0.0005
+ j0.0020 Ω/phase. Find the line to line voltage at the load when the load draws rated current from the
transformer at a power factor of 0.80 lagging.
Q12. Three single phase 50‐kVA 2400:240‐V transformers are connected Δ‐Δ and supplied with power
through a 2400‐V (line to line) 3 phase feeder whose reactance is 0.80Ω/phase. The equivalent
reactance of each transformer referred to its high voltage side is 1.82Ω. All circuit resistances may be
neglected. At its sending end the feeder is connected to the secondary terminals of a 3‐phase ‐∆
connected transformer whose 3‐phase rating is 500kVA, 24,000: 2400 V (line‐to‐line voltages). The
equivalent reactance of the sending end transformers is 2.76Ω/phase Δ referred to the 2400‐V side. The
voltage applied to the primary terminals is 24,000 V line to line.
A three phase short circuit occurs at the 240‐V terminals of the receiving end transformers. Compute
the steady state short‐circuit current in 2400‐V feeder wires, in the primary and secondary windings of
the receiving end transformers, and at the 240‐V terminals.
Q13.The equivalent impedance of a 50kVA, 2400:240‐V transformer is 1.42+j1.82Ω. Take the
transformer rating as a base and express in per unit the equivalent impedance on the low and high
voltage side.
Q14. Solve Q12 in per unit on a 3phase KVA base of 150kVA and rated voltage as the base voltage.
Q15. A 3‐phase step‐up transformer is rated 26kV:345kV, 1000 MVA and has a series impedance of
0.005+0.09 per unit on this base. It is connected to a 26‐kV 800‐MVA generator which can be
represented as a voltage source in series with a reactance of j1.70 per unit on the generator base.
(a) Convert the per unit generator reactance to the step‐up transformer base.
(b) (b) the unit is supplying 500 MW, unity power factor, 345 kV, to the system at the transformer
terminals. Draw a phasor diagram for this condition, using the transformer high‐side voltage as
the reference phasor.
(c) Calculate the transformer low‐side voltage and the generator internal voltage behind its
reactance in kilovolts for the condition of part (b). Find the generator output power in
megawatts and the power factor.
Q16. Present in a tabular form the vector group connection diagram of the following three phase
transformers. In this table the three columns are (i) Phasor symbol (like Yy0) (ii) Input and Output
Terminal markings and Phase Displacement Diagram (iii) Winding Connections (Can use dot and cross
conventions)
Here: D: Delta Y: Star Capital Letter: Primary Small Letter: Secondary
(a) 5(b) Yd5 (c) Yd1(d)Dy1(e) Dy11(f)Yd11(g)Yy6(h)Dd6