Vocabulary sport and competition ‘Complete the text with the words in the box. There are some words you do not need to use. charm opponents mascot stamina rivals medallist laid back coach referee scubadiving gymnast athlete track training —_championships_competitive | erartad desing rhythmic gymnastics when las a smal git | suppose you could say Im 2 faily good (1) ___now.fve taken part in the national (2)... though I've never won a medal or anything lke that. My sister, on the other hand. a really world-class (3) She specialises in (4). events like the 800 metres and was asiver (5)___....at the last Olympics. Her (6)... says she just more a ‘than some of her (@) When she not (9)... 0F competing she's actually pretty (10) _, especially when were on holiday. We usually goto Tenerife and we both love (11)__._off ‘Octopus Cove there, Naturally, we take our Yorkshire terrier, Tiger, with Us. He comes along when we compete too. We wouldn't be able to do it without him He our lucky (12)! Reading Gapped text (Part 6) > CB page 88 BEB You are going to read an aruicie from a sports science magazine. Six sentences have been removed from the text. Read the article and the sentences quickly and choose the besttitle. 1. What ittakes to win race 2. Whyathletes get tied 3 Mind over matter isthe key to success Read the article and the sentences again. Choose from sentences A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ‘A. Ifyou aia accumulate too many chemicals in your muscles that too would be very dangerous. B_ What they will ell you is that athletes tire when something in their physiology rls, causing them to stop or slow down, That simplifies things far too much, D_ But there is another theory which gives the brain a much areater role. E Everyone who has ever run in the heat wil tell you that you actually start more slowly. F Westil dont have an answer to that question G_Howis this possible?We've al seen it: a runner or eyclist looks exhausted. he seems to be struggling to even get to the end of the race, his face a mask of agony. And then suddenly he speeds up 1m the final 400 metres, sprints to the finish tine andl wins. [GET JAnd if the runner or eyelist had that ‘reserve capacity’ all along, why did he not speed up 800 metres bofore the end? Why not two kilometres? Why didn’t he ‘maintain that speed throughout the race? Conventional tneores can't really answer these questions. [7] —] The failure can be a failure to supply ‘enough oxygen to the muscles, failure to keep levels of ‘poisonous’ chemicals down or a failure to lose heat, ‘causing the body temperature to rise too high. Once This theory is controversial but there is evidence to support it. Let’ say you run a 10km race at sea-level and tures, Your time is forty minutes, giving in cool temper you a speed of four minutes per kilometre. But if I put you in Beijing in the summer time, where it's 35 degrees, this failure point is reached, the athlete must slow down and jumidity is 60 percent and I make you run that same or stop altogether. The key point is that the origins of 10 km race, immediately your time of forty minutes is fatigue lie in the muscles. under threat. You might be lucky to do forty-two minutes, [ET JCalled the ‘Central Governor’ theory, the idea in these ‘extreme’ conditions. is that during exercise the brain regulates performance The important question, however, is: when do you first to balance all the body's physiological systems. Fatigue, slow down?[[E-] — Jn fact, it takes less than twenty or the slowing down in pace, is the result of this ieconidy foe ga body 03 Glace an more slo regulation, which happens before any physiological than usual. I happens so early that nothing is differen, “jaiure’ can occur. Therefore, rather than slowing down except for your sensation that it's hotter. That sensation, asa result of lack of oxygen, high body temperatures, then, seems to be key. But it can’t be that you are already high chemical levels and so on, you slow down in order overheating within the first thirty seconds, or even two to prevent them. minutes of your run. So how, then, do you ‘decide’ to In this alternative theory, performance and fatigue are _ slow down? The answer is that your brain tells you to. regulated to prevent the potentially harmful limits from $o is fatigue all in the mind then? ["e"]— Mental being reached. If your body temperature rises above 41 _strength and willpower are part of the answer, but they degrees, you'd stop and be in serious trouble [ZT —] never beat physiology Yau cannot commit suicide hy But when exercise takes place, neither of these things holding your breath, and the same goes for exercise: happen because the brain is in control, and it regulates physiology wins the day, every day, but with the help of the body speciticaly to protect against that damage the brain. El complete sentences 1-owith thecorrectform 4 Ineteams ced So many disastrous of the words underlined in the article. that a lot of their fans stopped goir 9 1 The referee tosend her offin the second 5 Many spors stars took drugs the ere halfof the match But in the end he only gave her a only to discover yellow card done permanent damage 2 Ho was suffering from heat and had ta, 6 When itcomes to si abandon the race. always much better 3° Heregretted his toretire from fessional tennis and made a come-back last year.Vocabulary collocations: success > CB page 89 [i Cross out the word or phrase that does not collocate with the verbs in bold. 1 have abadday/avicious ‘traak/a briliant sporting carees/an enormous effort 2. fulfil atiieiong ambition’ herearlypotentiavan important obigation/a good deed 3. set _astrong demand/ «reasonable targev/a high standard/a clear limit make uyoursurredliny/ ‘good ty/a favourable impression/a serious attempt 5 overcome considerable obstacievanxiety/a sporting ‘val dificult past BD Undertine the correct alternatives to complete the sentences. 1. Insportit's vital to know how to-cope withyfor/to success as well as failure 2. She just couldnt face out/unyon to the fact that her sporting career was over, 3 He's taken in/on/after some new challenges and has really improved his game 4. Shedecided to focus avfivon improving her serve and backhand 5 Ournational team are going forvat/to three gold medals in the athletics at the next Olympics. 6 He was so exhausted he gave infon/over to an overwhelming Urge to stop and rest. Speaking Discussion (Part 4): compensation strategies > CB page 90 [El Look at compensation strategies 1 and 2. Would you use them toa) give you time to think or b) stop the other candidate from interrupting you? 1 Well, it’s difficult to say. 2 OK, letme see © '18 Two students are discussing some questions in Paper 4, Part 4, Listen and complete their conversation. E = Examiner, D = David, $ = Sara E: Do you think luck is imoortantin life? De) __Well, always wish my friends good luck before an exam ‘rob interview $0 | suppose that does mean | believe initto some extent. What about you? 5: Me too — and | really believe it makes a diference. | always carry @~ Im not sure how to say this in English i's tle thing thats supposed to be lucky Its 2 siver bead that my grandmother gave me. fl did an exam without i, know | wel fll D:(2) : Well yes. do. D: Well, | suppose | do too now I come to think fit. have things | always do like ‘wearing the same socks and walking on the same side of the street on the way 10 ___.. that you actually think affects your success in the exam? the exam, E: How much does luck contribute to success in sporting events? EB) nnennnenne BUR NOL 9 MUCH, in my opinion. (2)... ‘other tings are more important ike ant remember the word ~ how wellyou an do things lke hit the ball or passing in Footbal ‘2 Butin tennis for example, you often see that for one player the bal his the top of the —whatS it called? ~you know, the lng thing that avis the cout ito wo halves - and the ball doesn't go over. That's to do with luck if you ask me. 50 you think lckis more impertant? &: Noynot ove (5) _thstin some sport it can play quite an important role. very supersiious Thee are elt of things that | avoid doing, lke stepping on the lines on the pavement or walking under those things that ‘You useto cimb up fo pain the house andi do my Engish fiends ell me to say"bread end butter! Dewnhy? (6)... its supposed to stop anything terrible appeing to you 1 But pallapa sone superstitions re lagcal What do you mean? 7) that sometimes there realy is a danges For example, the painter could ee ‘something and it could fall on you and cause some kind of hat or ds 1 physical Do supersttions ever stop people cing things they might enjoy orbenefit from? _—~enioy! _.| suppose they do but | would never decide not ro goon a trip or something because it was on the thirteenth of the month. s: (10) that if you go to the airport and the airline gave you seat 13D 6n the plane you would still go? D: Well, might fee abit... not exactly afraid but kind of a bit worried and ‘uncomfortable but it wouldn't stop me fying, El Match the underlined paraphrases the students used in Activity 2 with words 1-6. Vladders 2skill 3 uneasy injury Sood luckcharm 6 netGrammar conditional forms (1) > CB page 91 By Match sentence beginnings 1-6 with endings A-I. There are some endings that you do not need touse, 1 IF iplay tennis with you on Saturday afternoon, 2. If spend too much money every month, 3. fl movedto vein another country, 4 If drink 100 much coffee, 5 Ifl.go to the disco on Saturday night, 6 |flwalked under a ladder, A. find it difficult to sleep. B_ | would havea lot of bad luck © Lamnot able to pay my credit card bil Lill gota jah move easly E_ | would be able to go out with my fiends. F | would miss my family alot. Ll probably nts a ut oF ny ers Ure: HI cantthavea good time. 1 | will not have time to go out in the evening BD For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Du nut uh the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 11 You can't smoke in restaurants without getting into rouble. SMOKE HFYOU._ nnn get nto trouble, 2. Theonly thing stopping me doing my homework is that | don't have my dictionary here. IF I had my dictionary here, 3. It's going to ain so you are sure to get wet. iT a ‘get wet, 4 lamnot very good at typing but it would be useful for my job if could do it. WERE It would be useful for my job if__ at typing 5) People often find it difficult to concentrate in noisy places. THEY When __. people after find it difct concentae 6 refused to swim when the sea was rough Not Ine see was tough |___ swt, Listening Multiple choice (Part 4) > CB page 92 Bl © 19 Youwill hear a radio interview with Carol Johnson, a successful young racing cyclist. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, Bor C). 1. Why did Carol start cycling? ‘A Her parents encouraged her. B Ayounger person made her jealous. She wanted to do something better than her fiend. 2 How does Carol describe herself? A too competitive B very quiet when shes working different from some other athletes 3 Carol thinks that her taining programme is A hard and not very enjoyable. B the key to winning all the time. important forthe right mental attitude 4 What does Carol say about the attitude of other sportspeople? A They are less confident than they appeer. B They are often seff-centred € They ae driven to succeed. 5 What is Carol’ attitude to luck? A It’s more important than anything else, B It balanced by practical techniques. C ItS limited to certain aspects of racing 6 How does Carol feel about the media? A Itis an unnecessary part of her sport. B itis dificult to deal with sometimes. € It stops her getting financial support. 7 What advice does Carol have for young cyclists? A Keep things in perspective B Plan for if ater sport. Enjoy your success. Bi Match 1-6 with A-F to make collocations. 1 ide ‘A. about an achievement 2 boast B agoal 3. take up © abike 4 keep B your best 5 achieve E your mouth shut 6 do F anewsportUse of English Word formation (Part 3) > CB page 93 EE Use forms of the word compete to ‘complete sentences 1-4. 1. Sandra isa fantastic _ ghee up, 2. He won an underwater photography ws The prize was a scuba-diving ioliday in Thailand, 3 Denise says that she isnt a _ ‘person but she hates to lose. 4 Those new exercise machines are quite priced. | think | might get one. She never Bi For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Do we make our own luck? Wie al rely on an lement of luck to get by, but where does it come ffom and why do some people appear to be (0) 2msistendly.ucky or unlucky? Fichard has spent years investigating thie are sane He not () OF psychic ably that mattersbuta person's ‘approach iolite, Hehas some advice for people seeking an (2)... their hick you expect 1 Be) nes then sadly you oftan wil be, Accept that bad Tuck wt bent Dutt esau by Imagring how things could have been worse and tooking for (4). to acrcbien. So the secret is fearing to look at ite ©. Fichard now nuns ‘courses, helping people to change ther mindset. Tish says that balore attending the course she was prone to (0) enn 8 OF personel fe. Now ‘she ha a more postive outcok. Ginee ‘changng her by rot looking for bad luck, she fans tuckier So those (8)... people: who oop tang us to cher up and look on the bright side may be ight ater all Grammar third conditional & CB page 95 El complete sentences 1-8 with the correct form of the words in the box. There is one word you do not need touse. win give know goout buy make be see meet 1 You the match easily ifyou had practised hard enough. 2 Hf how much fun surfing i, Id have started doing it yeats.00 3 Ifyou had bought a laptop from that store in town, they youa tee smartphone, 4 fd realised the film was on television lastnight. with friends. 5. If hadn't gone on holiday to France last year. | Sue. 6 fl... More money when I was younger, | would have been able to buy a house by now. 71 Mike at the party if had arrived earlier but fm not sure whether he was there. 8 |_____ the carifit ad been cheaper, though Im not sure. ED For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. ‘You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 Given more time, td have been able to nish all the work HAD if, _..|'d have been able to finish all the work. 2 Jowould have been very upset if he hadn't had an inwitation to our party Not ifwe to the party Jo would have been very upset. 3. George turned up late forthe meeting because his alarm didnt go oft F George would not have been late for the meeting off. 4 ts very unfortunate that the referee didn't give a penalty as the team would have won the game. Lost It very unfortunate; i the referee had given a penalty, the team aa. the game. 5 Itlucky that | have got a car otherwise Id have to use the bus. Got Keay ‘a car fd have to use the bus. 6 I didnt have the right tools to finish the job, so | had to leave it. HAD IF fd had the right tools to finish the job, | __leaveit