RÜVEYDAU

REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES:
1) CONTINUOUS:
Used to achive a new behaviour.
Here’s an example of this situation: There is a mother and she wants to give her child the
habit of brushing their teeth before bedtime every night. The mother tells her child that
“when you brush your teeth, I will give you any junk food you want.” The mother gives
him any junk food he wants right after the child bruches his tooth. The child brushes
his/her teeth in order to eat junk food. After a while the child repeats this behaviour and
gain this habit.

2) Intermitttent:
 Ratıo
 Interval

a) Interval Schedules:

 Fıxed Interval Schedules

Since it is known when the reinforcement will take place, the frequency of the behavior
increases as the time of reinforcement approaches, and a considerable decrease is observed
after the reinforcement.
The best example that I can give this situation is that I get my scholarship on the 8th of every
month. I know when to get my scholarship, so I adjust my bills and purchases accordingly.

 Variable İnterval Schedules:

The behaviour is reinforced at the end of changing time periods.
When I was in primary school, our class teacher would say that she would check our
homework and give grades accordingly. But she wouldn't do our homework checks on a
specific day.
 b) Ratio schedules:
 Fixed ratio schedules
When I was in highscool, I live in dormitory and we had certain days to go out.
Our dormitory manager gave us points according to the cleanliness of our rooms. Then,
students who got full points 3 times were given the right to go out extra.

 In variable ratio schedules:

The behaviour is reinforced at the end of changing time periods.
I am going to use the mother-child sample that I said earlier. There is a mother and she
wants to give her child the habit of brushing their teeth before bedtime every night. The
mother tells her child that “if you brush your teeth, I will give you any junk food you
want.” The child brushes his/her teeth but after every brush, his/her mother doesn’t give
/himher junk food. She sometimes give a week later, sometimes two days in a row. In this
method, the child does not know when the reinforcing will occur and thus does the desired
behaviour regualrly.
  Reinforcing with teacher attention
When a teacher asks a question, all students raise their hands in order to answer the question,
but one student answers without raising hand. In this case, if the teaches ignores the student
who does not raise his/her finger,over time this student stop doing this behaviour.

 Token reinforcement:
A mother tells her child that he/she needs to make up her/his bed herself/himself. The mother
puts a calendar in the chils’ room to reinforce this behaviour. The mother puts a smiling-faced
sticker on the calendar,on the daythe child picks up his bed. After ten stickers, the mother
gives her child 5 liras.
  The premack principle:
A teacher realizes that her students are not listening to the lesson. The teacher wants the
students to focus on the lesson and listen her again. So the teacher tells her students, "If you
listen to the lesson quietly, you can play outside in the next lesson."

 Shaping:
A girl wants to make a card for her mother on mother’s day. However the child’s handwriting
is bad and she makes mistakes while making the card. However, her mather thanks her child
and very much while receiving the card and says that she is very happy with the efforts she
has given.
  Positive practice:
There is a student in the classroom who doesn’t do her/his homework. Teacher gives this
student a task in order to reduce this behaviour. This task is to take notes on who has done
assignments.

 Contingency contracting:
An example of this that if students participate without absence until the end of the semester
the teacher will add 10 points to the final grade of students.
  Satiation:
I can give an example to this situation myself. Sometimes I don't help my mom with
housework and she has to do all the work. At the same time my mother is doing housework,
she tells me "sit down, don't stay, don't get up and disturb your comfort". After a while, I am
tired of sitting and I don't want to sit anymore, then I help my mother.

 Reprimand:
To illustrate this situation, let’s say a student had an argument with his calssmate. Aftre this
incident, instead of compromising with this student, he applied brute force to fim. The teacher
reprimand this student for not repeating this behaviour. However, there is an important
situation, the teacher should not make the act of reprimand in the classroom in front of
student’s classmates.
  Response Cost
An example of this is the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. There are four main
buildings here and the behaviour of students in the building is scored. If they are late for the
lesson or if they go the places that they should not go, negative points go to the building they
are in. These points are collected at the end of the term and the building with the highest grade
wins the cup. That’s why, students pay attention to their behaviour to get the cup at the end of
the year.

 Social Isolation:
Social isolation is one of the methods used to eliminate an undesirable behavior. Loony bins
can be given as an example.