and using phrases and idioms Improve your Use of English skills: recognising and using phrases and idioms Phrases and idioms are expressions using more than one wort. It may be dificult to work out the meaning by looking at the individual words, Foy example, actors ‘sometimes say ‘Break a leg!” to mean ‘Good luck!’ You need to recognise when an exam task as testing « phrase or an idiom and be able to provide or eomplete it accurately Tea rerte ret erent ued ‘1 The example of what actors sometimes say shows that A. actors can be particularly nasty to each other at work. B when working out the meaning of idioms, we have to consider sarcasm, © a group of words may have its own meaning when used in a certain context. Ae) It's vital because they're so frequent in allt fo of written and spoken English. Yo : tal Because tyre 3 fnquent nl ors of rien and ohn Elis. You Sala A ai co 1 cogs an danni hem hon you come ca hom rsoafo recognise that someone is using a phrase or idiom, you may misunderstand then. nee 2 The paragraph suggests that phrases and idioms are A more usually found in informal English. B_ more usually found in formal English, found in both informal and formal English. You need to be familiar with a large number of phrases ant idioms, knowing their ‘meaning and when it’s appropriate to use them. Compare them to similar plerases and idiomas im your own language and note how they are similar or different to your um language. Being able to guess the meaning of new phrases and idioms is an ‘essential skill. You need to be able to work ont thetr meaning from the contert. 3 The most important part of working out the meaning of an unknown phrase is A. the context you hear or read it in B its similarity to a phrase in your first language, © comparing it to other phrases you know in English. Do WS) CT Uy EU a eee eee Phrases and idioms are tested in a nuraber of avays in Advanced, In Paper 1 Paris 1.& 2, you may need to complete a phrase or idiom. In Part 4, you may neal to recognise a phrase or idiom in the first sentence or you may need to use a phrase or idiom that includes the given word in bold in the second sentence. 4 In Paper I Part 2, you may need to be able to A recognise a phrase or idiom, but not complete one. B_ complete a phrase or idiom without recognising it. € recognise and complete a phrase or idiom.rases-and idioms. idioms Get started rs Look at the photo and answer the questions, n evam = Whats happening in this photo? mult = What behind-the-scenes jobs can you think of which are involved with the theatre? ® Which is most important ~ the appearance of a production, the strength of the storyline, or the delivery of the performances? Why? » What does a theatrical production offer that a film doesn't? rasm. context as Develop your vocabulary | You 1 Mateh each phrase with its definition e stage lighting ¥ black comedy ress rehearsal stage direction creative licence _ humorous production witha dark side altering details for a more imaginative effect how the actors and sets are illuminated on siage final practice of a play in costume before opening night instruction to actors, written into a script orm toe onege 2 Choose the correct word to complete each sentence, 1 The audience kept on clapping, so the whole east returned to the stage for a curtain ici call / request. es 2 A successful acting performance often depends not only on the individual performer, or but on the collaborative / impulsive effort between the actor and the director. 3 | 3 Michelle created the perfect choir / choreography to ensure the dancers wouldn't rniss a step on opening nah ls 4 The veconstrueted version of Shakespeare's famous Globe Theatre has a seating capacity /eapability of 3,000. 5 Benisa famous child actor who has lived his entire life in the limelight / publicity. | 3. Write a word from the box in each gap to complete the review. pre | house « ovation « playight = prope = vehicle pea Last nights production of Shakespeare's Romeoand Juliet ofimaginative costume designs, elegant (3) i ight hive been spac enough onpres be ‘speci the tang ines onthe soy wher a delves (1) _—himsel:Thepracicionesntalywten fer fmus monologue andthe unsualteered pace off as.a(2), —forits stars, set to make money simply ofthe production. The performance played to a packed fochovngfanousacor whonenethles tuned insuning and ectived vows pause anda performances. But where the production soaredvasinitsuse standing (5) ert iBeUnit 1 Develop your Use of English skills: recognising and using phr and idioms 1 Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 1 Ifyou don't get your focus / act together, you'll never get a good role. 2 Ontop of being the leading role, it also pays big / large money, 3 Jeffrey is suffering from writer's block / stop and can't finish the seript for the play 4 With weeks of touring with her theatre company still yet to come, Julie felt there was no end in sight / mind, 5. Neverina hundred / million years did I think I'd achieye such fame as an actor! 6 If there are any snags with the production, Ill be there at the drop of a shoe / hat. 7 We don't go to the theatre often, only once in a red / blue moon, 8 Her performance was revolutionary; she really broke the shell / mould. 9 After getting the green / bright light from the financial backers, the show got under way 10. The characters audiences admire are those that seem larger / greater than life. 2. Write a word from the box in each gap to complete the sentences. arms «= course = milk = nerves = nick = piece = piecas x rain « sailing = skinned 1 The whole theatre company was up in when it turned out they wouldn't be paid for three months. 2 Jessica did some breathing exercises to steady her before going on stage. 3. Ifyou're disappointed with my performance, just say your and then leave! 4 So you missed a few dance steps in the performance. Don't worry about it - there's no point exying over spilt Even though the production was badly reviewed, the theatre owner let it ru If you've memorised your lines and practised play ought to be plain your moves, your performance in the 7 Naney fell to after reading the scathing remarks critics made about her, We didn’t realise there was a curtain call after we left the stage, so we only got back on to bow in the of time, 9 Come or shine, this production will go ahead as planned. 10. You've got to be thiek- _ to deal with negative criticism. 3. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 1 After the playwright rewrote the script, the story began to take a set Db form © shape @ part 2 Anyone who criticises the lead is simply asking for —_ trouble b pain © difficulty d_ discomfort 3 Don't worry, you'll do splendidly tonight ~just go out there and break a__ a limp b leg mould d step 4 Sophie was feeling a bit on her luck after not getting the part, so Frank bought her lunch, a down Dunder © below d_ behind 5. The play is simply a vehicle for its stars and falls of having a decent plot a fast b short © quick @ thin 6 Anna’s friend knew the casting director, so she pulled a few __ to arrange an audition w a ropes b wires threads d stringsRecognising and using phrases and idioms 4. Choose the correct definition for each phrase in bold 1. Terrence focused on minor details so much he couldn’ see the wood for the trees. a see the big picture b sce the finer elements 2. Such detailed stage directions exist because some actors can't put two and two together. a do maths easily D figure out something simple 3. The famous actor showed up out of the blue and demanded to be in the play ‘a with the utmost respect. 1b without prior notice 4 Martin went to acting school to learn the tools of the trade. a. how to pick up acting skills 'b how to build stage props 5. Ifyou think the character should be played more aggressively, stick to your guns and maybe the director will come round. follow your principles b_ make a threatening scene 6 We'd like to stage performances every night, but the powers that be won't allow it. a those who are in charge the audience 5 Each of the words in bold isin the wrong sentence. Write the correct word on the line. 1 Nobody expected Fred to make it as a dancer as he'd always seemed to have two worse feet. There's often a very clean line between black comedy and tragedy. ‘There's nothing like home straight home after touring with a theatre company for months Let's throw out this script and start with a second slate. Tknow the play was a tragedy, but I got the giggles halfway through and couldn't keep a fine face! After the strange and dramatic ending, the audience sat in sweet silence. The theatre was located in a strange place off the good track in the heart of the countryside 8 Some questioned his motives for taking the role, but Henry assured them he acted in beaten faith. 9 She's never taken acting classes; it just comes as dead nature. 10 Things went from bad to left when the bumbling actor knocked over a large prop. 6 Write a word from the box in each gap to complete the text balance = consideration = discussions = handle = par = scenes = shoulders = wavelength | ‘Some theatrical productions are so elaborate, you might think it would take a miracle to produce them. ‘The glory of a successful production is usually bestowed upon the play's director, but you must take into ) the collaborative effort that took place behind the (2)_. The set and props must be constructed, lighting must be positioned, costumes must be designed, and sound must be mixed, ‘The success of al this depends on lighting and sound engineers, costume designers and others who are all on the same (8) If even one of them takes creative licence that clashes with the director's Intentions, the director may fly off the (4) and heated (6) are sure to follow. such disputes are never resolved, the periormanos is likely to be below (6) Making sure everyone ‘works well together rests on the (7) of the play's director, who must put extra effort into stiking a@) between all of these elements,Unit 7 7 Match each situation with an idiomatie phrase. 1 She managed to become famous while still keeping a private lie. a thepen is mightier than the sword 2 deeply regret not auditioning for what could have been the role b. donft look a gift horse ofa lifetime! in the mouth 3 Youargue too much about small details that are not very € have the best of both important worlds 4 Dor’tuse violence to try and tight the wrongs in life — write a. splithairs about it 5. The director obviously sought you out because you'e talented ©. be kicking yourselt so don't question his motives. 8 Rewrite each sentence in exercise 7 using the appropriate idiomatic phrase. ane Q Underline the mistake in each sentence and write the correct word. 1 We're going to break off tradition this holiday season and not play the Nutcracker Suite. 2. She's been rehearsing for weeks and she knows the role inside in. 3. The actor showed a worrying pattern for behaviour by repeatedly missing rehearsals, 4 You've got to have your wits round you on stage to deal with unexpected events. ‘The director assured the theatre manager that all would be done for good time. Choose the correct words to complete the text. ‘Theatre is rooted in ancient Greece, but performances then were very different from those of today. In those times, patrons attended productions on almost a daily (1) and curing festivals, theatres would open at dawn and run into the night. Many Greek plays survive today as masterpieces, (2) the impression that all Greek plays were equally brillant. Contrary to popular (@) though, not all scripts were worth the (4) ____ (or parchment, or papyrus) they were written on. Gfiten, audiences would dine in front of a procuction, end ifa performance (6) ____ outrage, it was not uncommen to toss food at the actors. Luckily, actors often used theatrical masks, which provided some protection! It was only men who used them, though, as women were not allowed on stage. Female roles were played by men in wigs and dresses, which might 6) route basis © source origin putting allowing ¢ making a giving thought © belief notion paper © document d_page lit burned a e a a hit slapitier 1 horse f both rself Rae a ee ei ee = ie ES 11 12 13 Recognising and using phrases and idioms Decide whether each pair of sentences has a similar (S) or an opposite (0) meaning. 1 Katie acted on a whim and auditioned for a part in the play. Katie planned for months for her audition for a part in the play. 2 The stage props and lighting were smart and well organised. There was no rhyme or reason as to how the stage props and lighting were set up. 3. The lead actor was a little slow on the uptake when memorising his lines. It took the actor along time to learn his times because he's not a fast leaner. 4 After Alex became famous, the attention went to his head. Even though he was famous, Alex was the same as ever: 5 After the young actress stole her part, Sue gave her a taste of her own medicine, Sue took revenge on the young actress for stealing her part. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, 1 If there are any problems, I can be there right away, MOMENT’S Ican be there if there are any problems, 2 Mark got lucky when he got the lead role. STROKE Iwasa ‘when Mark got the leading role, 3 The plot was so confusing, I couldn't follow it, MUD Because the plot was about as Tcouldr’t follow it. 4 Alter the play finish FEET s, [plan to relax and enjoy time off. Tm going to up after the play finishes, 5 Does the plot remind you of anything? BELL Does the plot by any chance? Write one word in each gap to complete the text. ‘Along with London's West End theatres, New York's Broadway theatres are thought to be the pinnacle of theatrical production in the English-speaking world. For most American actors, landing a role in one of these productions is far (1) thelr wildest dreams, as working on Broadway represents the highest 2 inany theatrical actor's career. Naturally, all actors must keep their options (3) ‘when seeking theatrical work. For those just about to (4)_____the plunge, it might be wise to first pursue a role in what's known as the Off-Broadway theatres, or even better, Off-Off-Broadway theatres. These two types of theatre are defined by seating capacity — the former being 100 to 499 seats, the latter under 100. While the productions are smaller, performances in these theatres can stil 6) respect from the theatrical community. An actor can use the venues to get their craft down to a fine ® ___and eventually tur in performances eliciting reviews (7) of praise from eritios who attend. Conversely, there's less need for an actor to worry too much about a bad performance. As it's only an Off-Off-Broadway production, it's not the (8) of the worldUnit 1 Exam focus: idioms |) = asec ceaenet ce section on page 13 and tiek the answer choices that probably involve phrases or idioms. Skills tip in Advanced Peper 1 Part 1 Gap 1 shauid you Gap2 a expect most ofthe answers to 3 fommidions?. Yes/No Sens tb choose a word for an idiom Gap 4 based on the teal meaning of eae that word? Yes/No Gap 6 Gap7 Gaps nN Read the statements and decide if they are true (T) or false (F), The text requires topic-related knowledge of phrases to answer some gaps. For the example, answer choice C might be correct if the word ‘on’ followed the gap. ‘The phrase in Gap 4 refers to something the actors do. ‘The phrase in Gap 6 literally refers to a house. ‘Most of the answer choices in Gap 7 have a positive connotation, Match each Part of Advanced Paper 1 with a statement. More than one statement may be chosen in some cases. Part 1: a You may have to complete a phrase or idiom with one word, = Part 2: You may have to complete a phrase or idiom with multiple words, Part 3: ¢ You need no real knowledge of phrases or idioms here. Part 4: d_ You may have to complete phrases or idioms without answer choices, 1 fe You may need to know the meaning of entire phrases or idioms, 2 £ You may have to complete a phrase or idiom with a transformed wordRecognising and Exam practice: Part 1 For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each. ap. There is an example at the beginning (0). [e) Giaatee) [loos] Bites light Dictre Black light theatre is just as it sounds, that is, a black light (0) __an otherwise Skills tip There may be times when you won't know all the words in the dark stage using ultraviolet light. Actors perform wearing fluorescent costumes that reflect light, and any stage (1) the set designer wishes to remain unseen are painted black. “answer choloes in Advancect Paper 1 Part 1, If this should Less technological variations of this type of stage (2) _ have been used rappen, there are a couple of {or millennia; actors in ancient theatres would sometimes all dress jn black things you can do. One strateay is to se @ process of efrination to find the answer, in which you 205s Out allthe choices you know are wong and choose fom tha remaining options. staging performances in his native Gzech Republic to (6) houses. There. Another to is to choose the are numerous black light theatres in Prague today. answer that frst came to ming when you read the text and ignore the unknown words. all else fas, try guessing the answer, but definitely don't leave itblank. ‘and play on a dark stage. Its modem form was (8) in the 1960s, after an, ‘outstanding performance at the 1962 Edinburgh Theatre Festival led to a (4) — ovation. Soon after, the (6) behind the production, Jin Smec, began Performances are visuelly (7) as there is such intricate choreography invelvad. Actors must rehearse (8) before going on the dark stage. A single wrong move ean ruin the whole production, [A] props supports | [© [bases 1 B = D [paris 2 [A|shading B [darkening [colouring D [lighting 3 [A]poputarised] [B [familiarised | [D][standardised | 4 [Alleading Bljumping | —[€ |standing Dfiasting | 5 [Althoughts | [Bwite | [iliceas D [brains 6 Gillpecked | [Blleemmed] [Eileoncea] (Elliemnea | 7 [RJdistursing ] [Blalarming | [E[shocking D [stunning 8 [Alaccurately | [Blintensivety [seversly D | stricttyand using phrasal verbs Research and development ; ‘Skill: Is | “Vocabulary: Exam practice: a Improve your Use of English skills: recognising and using phrasal verbs z Phrasal verbs ave formed using a main verb (such as make, take, come, get, lc) plus LANE) « particte (such as up, down, of, away, ofc). Some phrasal verbs are composed of main verb plus particle plus preposition (suck as get away with, get down to, etc). You aflen can't work out the meaning of the phrasal verb just by looking at the main verb, so) you need to learn the meaning of the whole phrasal verb 1. Which word inthe paragraph serves asa particle in a phrasal verb? Aat Bout C by y Phrasal verbs are a fundamental part of both spoken and written English so you need to be comfortable with recognising and using phrasal verbs, In many exten tasks, yor need to know when phrasal verbs are being tested and show you knw how to,form and/or use the relevant phrasal verb appropriately, 2 The word ‘appropriately’ suggests that there may be A contexts where a particular phrasal verb shouldn't be used. B phrasal verbs which are neither formal nor informal. © noneed to consider grammatical accuracy with some phrasal verbs. As yor learn and record thema, try not to group them according to the main verb — Se) Plerasal verbs with get, for example, may have little ar nothing in commen with eacl ‘ther: Rather, think about them in terms of their topic (within the topic of travel’, for example, planes land and take off), or their particle, Particles can aften be grouped in terms of meaning, Part of a successful exam strategy involves working ont what 4 task is trying to test. If you determine that a question is testing a phrasal verb, 5) consider both meaning and grammar to get the answer right 3. Which set of phrasal verbs is an example of particles being grouped in tern of the meaning ‘increase"? A fill up, get up, take up, look up B do up, put up, make up, set up © speak up, speed up, put up, pump up Its important in a number of ways in Paper 1. In Part 1, the leical item tested could . be pltrasal verb, or part af one. You might be given the main verb and be asked | a i ‘o choose the correct particle, or vice versa, or you might have to choose from four B) diggerent phrasal verbs. In Part 2, you may) need ta think af the corvect main verb or i particle yourself. In Part 4, you may noed to transform a sentence without « phrasal [ZH49) verb into one with a phrasal verb. Alternatively, there may be a phrasal verb tn the first sentence which you have to recognise to produce a new sentence. 4 tnwhich part of Paper 1 might you be given a choice of phrasal verbs? A Pat! B Parts © PartdGet started Look at the photo and answer the questions. = What qualities are to do ajob like this? = How important is research and development for the following? 5 asoftware company © apharmaceutieal company an insurance company portant for someone Develop your vocabulary ‘| Write the correct preposition in each gap to complete each sentence. bs 1 How soon after its conception can anew product be the shelves? Her work is the cutting edge of automobile technology. 3. Software engineers often have to produce results difficult circumstances. rolus | fmain | often 4. Technology is changing a furious pace these days. need SS, you mm 5 We've got a very exciting new product, ‘the pipeline at the moment, Write a word from the box in each gap. re l= 1) bute was tne name gent the proiertn of . internet website (2). in the 1990s, Programmers left their jobs and | cropped out of college to create (5) software in the rapidly growing field of internet-based software. They worked on tight (4) with terms the dream of ichescvin them on tral, they thought, the of the first Apple® computer was put together in Steve Wozniak’s garage. Unfortunatly there was oly room for afew such euooess stories, and many lest everthing when the bubble burst rn 2000 could 3 Match 1-6 with ac to make sentences. 1 Theysetupthe company using venture b or 2. The software giant has a huge company earelonninnt he 3 The economic = 4. A rloe In industrial : 5 The softwate company will cease the beta budgets = dotcom = innovative = prototype # start-ups THE BUBBLE BURSTS Recognising and using phrasal verbs a downturn led to cuts in research and b_ espionage has meant tightened secu capital from an investment fund. 4__ version of the program onto the net campus in Silicon Valley.Unit 2 Develop your Use of English skills: recognising and using phrasal verbs ‘ ‘| Underline the phrasal verb in each sentence, Then write a definition. Our company has a lot of work to do before it gets all its old business back We need a new product on the shelves in six months; there's no time to mess around. 1 2 3. Thenew CEO should shake this faltering and failing company up and help it recover 4 Ihave been rather taken aback by the speed at which management wants new developments from us. ‘The smartphone took off faster than anyone expected, and now it dominates the mobile phone market. 6 That computer company started out in a garage which belonged to the mother of one of the founders, 7 The new head of research wants to clear all the old projects out and start from serateh, 8 We finish off the tests on the prototypes on Tuesday and start preparing for manufacture. 2. Write the correct form of a verb from the box in each gap. boss = fool = hang = push = shop = show = switch a tur 1 Are we a serious company or are we just around? 2. Since we lost our biggest « for orders. jomer, we spend all day around, waiting 3. You're not ina senior position, so you can't people around, giving orders. This may be the smallest firm in the sector, but that doesn't mean the bigger ones can use their power to us around. 5 She the new employees around the factory. It’s worth around until you find the cheapest supplier. 7 When they __ the two components around, they found the machine worked = much faster. 8 Within twelve months, she the company around, making it profitable again, 3 Replace the particle away with off, on or out. ‘The director's eccentric behaviour frightened investors avay. ‘The boss wants us to chuck away six months of work and start designing again from ‘the beginning. When the company’s founder passed away, his daughter inherited it ‘The technicians slogged away for days until they found the solution to the problem, I cleared away the junk from the garage and set up my office there. resistant tile came away during re-entry. 3 4 5 6 The experimental rocket burned up when a hes 7 The two scientists chatted away for hours about their new ideas. 8 ‘The prototype car drove away and began to pick up speed,ferbs = Recognising and using phrasal verbs ‘cose anatemative tothe word in olin onder to form a new phrasal verb E 1. Ifyou want to start your own independent research cormpany, you can count me in a figure b deal take hi 2 One of the venture capital funds backed out of the deal at the last minute a pulled —-b came left 3 [know dim would jump at the chance of working fora company at the cutting edge of technology. = a bounce leap © tty 4 Hehad noted down some ideas on a paper napkin. a jotted slogged e placed 5 Inthe course ofthe afternoon, she set out her plans for the company’s next ten years in front us a pul b held e laid 6 Ourfirm got through the doteom crash, and we've been expanding ever sine. a made left c lived Write a word from the box in each gap to complete the sentences at = down = in» out = though # up ‘The company has been building a large cash reserve to buy high-tech start-ups, Felix grasps any opportunity to advance himself 3 Now the bank has withdrawn support, Idon't see how they can come this downturn. 4 She woke at midnight with the solution, and scribbled it ona notepad 5 They had a meeting to plan anew strategy. 6 Since all three companies will profit from the development, they all should chip vowards its cost Use a word from box A and a word from box B to complete each sentence. A feet Se ERG cul = come # hold = lay » plan | | ahead = apart = back G2) » of = speed = stick = tear | = out # to = up 1 The engines start up just fine, but then they after a few seconds. 2 Half the directors believe it’s time to push forward, but the other half want to Let's go onto the next item on the agenda, and we can ____ to this problem at the end. The pace of technological change is not going to slow down ~ on the contrary, it’s going toe at eS ‘The question is do we move on to anew plan or the original one? There's no use in looking back at past mistakes — now's the time to Iput together this company and I'm not going to let you it 8 They tool on fifty new empl yees, only to____ them _six months later,Unit 2 7 Underline the verb + preposition collocation in each sentence. 1 From the highest vantage point, she looked upon the vast city below 2 The boot of the car was nearly full, but I managed to squeeze the last bag in. 3. The sea lay ahead of us, blue and inviting, 4 The girl dropped the rubber ball and it bounced back up into the ait 5 Sam rushed into the office, gasping for breath. 6 [bumped into the door and hurt my nose. 7 The dog came out of the river and shook the water off its coat, 8 She covered up the child with a blanket Use the collocations in exercise 7 as phrasal verbs, Write them in the correct form to complete the sentences, 1 Carly her old boss in the city and she was offered her job back. 2 The paper accused the company of __ is true losses using shady accounting, 3 know the economy is in a downturn at the moment, but I'm sure it will 4 What for us, not just in six months, but in one or two years’ time? 11 5 Idon't want to any decision ~ let's think it over slowly and carefully. 6 How do you me ~asa rival ora suecessor? 7 She's upset that the project was cancelled, but she'll it soon enough, 8 I'm really busy today, but I might be able to you between 4 and 4.30. Choose the correct general meaning for each phrasal verb in bold from the options given. 1 inherit /lose power a This tradition came down to us from our founder: b_ The owner was forced to step down and his son took his place. ‘The company was brought down through a fail re to innovate 4 The company has been handed down from father to son for generations, 2 go away /trigger a. The fire alarm went off and the workers all exited the building b_ We seared them off with threats of lawsuits, © They set offan explosive to test the new material. She got upset and went off somewhere on her own, 3 become public/leave a group a. The union rep walked out of the meeting, b The director was kicked out of his golf ehub. ¢ When the news came out, no one could believe it They fired him because he let out the secret of the new medicine, 4 respond /not move forward a You mustn't talk back to your line manager. b_ The crowd kept back and watched from a distance. ¢ Stay back — the fire is still not under control. _ The company hit back at the allegations of industrial espionage,10 unting. 11 enough. nd 4.30, soc 12 Recognising and using phrasal verbs Read the sentences and complete the table with the phrasal verbs in bold, He's trying to think up a new way to store electricity, Once we fire up the furnace, it has to keep running for six weeks to be economical, ‘Your name came up in the midlle of the meeting yesterday. she's managed to move up in the company steadily since she joined. We have to speed things up if we want to finish the gadget by May. ‘They're going to wind up operations in this factory and move the company abroad Let’s wrap the meeting up now so we can get home early for once. We sold off the old company and used the money to set up a new one, start Write one word in each gap to complete the text. BLINK AND innovations have brought (1) __ massive changes in the mobile phone market in the space of not years but months. Far the first ten years of the 21st century, Nokia (a technology company that burst (2) ___of Finland in the late 1980s) was the number one producer of mobile phones. When It failed to recognise that smartphones would take (3)__as they did, it found itself left (4) ___in the hottest market of the new decade. Nokia's share price went (5 dramatically and it was forced into shaking 6 its global operations and laying (7) __ workers. There sno doubt that some dificult days fe (3) for this ‘ech giant, though a deal with Microsoft® to write the software for the new generation of smartphones Nokia are bringing (2) ‘could mean that things are looking (10) tor the Finns. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the frst sentence, using the word given. 1 The dotcom has been operating for six months, SET The dotcom ___ago, We must complete this project by Friday. OFF This project has __ by Friday. 3. The offer the investors made has been withdrawn, BACKED The investors they made, 4. The start-up failed because of the founder lacked vision, BROUGHT ‘The start-up by the founder's lack of vision. 5 Till come in to see how you're progressing from time to time. uP rm ____ from time to time.Unit 2 Exam focus: verbs Look at the exam practice section on page 21 and choose the correct phrase. Gap Lis the main verb / the particle / not part of a phrasal verb, Gap 2s the main verb / the particle / not part of a phrasal verb. Gap Bis the main verb / the particle / not part of a phrasal verb, ap 4 is the main verb / the partiele / not part ofa phrasal verb, Gap 5 is the main verb / the particle / not part of a phrasal verb. Gap 6 is the main verb / the particle / not part of a phrasal verb, Gap Tis the main verb / the particle / not part ofa phrasal verb, Gap 8 is the main verb / the particle / not part of a phrasal verb, 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 Read the text on page 21 quickly and tick the correct statements, 1 The high-tech industry no longer changes so quickly. — 2. New high-tech products appear on the market continuously. = 3. Some Silicon Valley companies have large research and development departments. 4 The largest Silicon Valley companies invest billions in research and development, 5 Most companies could reduce their research and development budgets without serious consequences. 6 Workers often leave high-tech companies that fall behind competitors in terms of innovation. ‘The biggest high-tech companies have grown complacent. ‘Traditional telephone companies suffered greatly when mobile telephones emerged. ‘The invention of the CD made MP3s obsolete. 10 People who run companies are afraid of the consequences of not investing in research and development. 3 Decide if the following apply to Advanced Paper 1 Part 1 or Part 4. Skills tip \When you think a gap in 1 You might be given four main verbs, particles or entire phrasal verbs ‘Advanced Paper 1 Part 2s pet 2. The key word you are given might be the main verb or of phrasal verb, shoud you particle of phrasal verb, a look careful atthe content 3- You may have to think of another verb that means the fees eee same as a phrasal verb you are given. ope 4. ‘The gap could be one or two words long. | orparioes t see wticn | tts best? ‘Yes/NoRecognising and using p verbs Exam practice: o ions? rea ind Galt Dao A laicor a ord hich ioe a exh pep Uae on Be onan Gach gn. There la an sxdnploatthe begat (0, is your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. (o] (wifi jfe)ih - SSS ee oe = Gar eae oeaeranivenemeveosevenaginmn =| AoC Ameen | sartment in every Silicon Valley company. The budgets of the top companies particle of a phrasal verb. If you Suspect the gap is the main verbs car include huncreds of mins 2) oven bilion for RAD. In ae eee - 1, for examso, Mlroson® poured 9,7 billon toi afguethat works | Gutta coat on Br 3)__at nearly 14% of revenue. I that figure (4) anyane | vetb, rather than an unusual, ack thay shoud nk ofthe consequences at not dong so. The company | EeTaN oo For a Bel alstc come wih hanes! nw Anvelormont could RG) === =| uray tobe on unuuel word such as siohan tom the ph investors and employees. Like sharks, @ company must goa 2 ae a e ee verb siphon off}. instead, think ae ec cme | Trees tk teejfory dl totherasshofandine decors, now the MP fometaaw | te cone. ru! ands 2 a CD eeorseth wid Gey Tere Tes ila racking 3 i er Yes/No rbs ch Yes/Noparts of speech understanding parts of speech “11 Itinvotves being able to recognise what part of speech « word or phrase is (noun, Scene adjective, adverb, possessive pronoun, etc), what function it serves (subject, abject, aa 2) determiner, ete) and the form it takes. 1 The rarely-used word ‘fissiparous’ is most proba A anoun. ALES) sme key part of speech of a word can have an effect on the meaning. It's important that CT) ou use the right parts of speech or the person listening to you or reading what you Fea) have written may misunderstand you. Understanding parts of specch means you can use the right word in the right form for the contect 2 The word ‘key’ in the first sentence above is functioning as A anoun. B aconjunction © anadjective. ‘Make sure you understand what the different parts of speech are in English. You need to be able to recognise nouns, verbs, ete anil understand the roles they play. Remember also : BAT) that there are grey areas (eg. Is bored an adjective or a participle? Are the particles in z ‘phrasal verbs prepositions or adtverbs?). You need to be able to ook at a gapped sentence) Co tect and figure out what part of speech is missing by reading the contert carefully 3 The word in bold in I’m not interested is definitely not ‘A apresent participle. B a past participle. © anadjective. In Part 2, you need to work owt what part of speech ts required in each gap in the text TERSEUUIN'|| 50 now can decide which word is correct for ihe context antl use the correct form. In Part 3, you noed to put the word you ave given into the correct form so you need to Imow what part of speech it is, In Part 4, you need fo know the part of speech of the given word s0 that you ean use it correctly in the transformation. 4. Understanding parts of speech is least relevant to A Part L B Part3. © Part4.Wat ceeemein ie, portant that chat you You need to ember also prticles in nl sentence nrepully n the tes farm. In need to i of the Get started Look at the photo and answer the questions. = Describe briefly the bridge in this picture, saying what it appears to be used for How might it differ from other bridges? = How do different ways of thinking affect how we construct things? w can thinking differently make a company more competitive? jevelop your vocabulary atch each word with its definition. 2 curriculum * ‘a question asked when you want information 2 hunch b_ afeeling you have that something may or may not be true 3 ideology € aset of guidelines an education system follows 4 justifeation 4 aset of beliefs and principles 5 query € a good reason for doing something woose the correct word to complete each sentence. Can you deduce / induce from this thesis what the writer is trying to say about philosophy? Teachers scrutinised / deliberated for hours on how to tackle failing exam grades, -an only begin to conjure / speculate how difficult university exams will be. taught my students to embrace / elasp new ideas and never stop challenging themselves. Michael was a very intuitive / spontaneous student who could easily guess conclusions without having learnt all the facts, ste a word from the box in each gap to complete the text. ical = perceive = persistent = presume = reflect -an we change our ways of thinking? We (1) ___ its possible to do so mainly because 2 told itis, but without examples, it’s dificult to know how. Consider postive thinking versus ative thinking a person who thinks negatively has a (2) ___ outlook on life, thinking that there's no use trying to accomplish goals because they are impossible to achieve, However, asking person to (3) _on their life and find one goal they have accomplished might help them ink differently about their capabilities. Another way is to (4) _____failures as life lessons, rather shortcomings in abilities. Finally, i's also important to be (6)____in finding solutions to. | problems, no matter how long it takes to do so. |Unit 3 Develop you r Use of English skills: understanding parts of speech 1. Write the pans of speech for these words Some may have more than one part of speech in their current form conscience deliberate justify aoe speculate sceptic belief 2. Write the part of speech which is required. Then write the correct form of a word from. 1 ‘each gap. The words may be used more than once. There is that the school board will raise entry requirements, but no one knows for sure. Eleanor is a very students’ progress. teacher who pays elose attention to her Some maths geniuses were thought to suffer from that kept them from living normal lives. Mrs Bvans was about whether the new school curriculum would be effective as she thought it was too advanced. nsidering Max had studied very little, he did well, scoring a perfect mark in the exam, Helen thought she would go consecutive hours. after studying for exams for 16 ing headings and complete the table with as many derivatives as possible. Noun analyse : uunassurmingly conceive Z3\ [ convincing = decisively deduce z= doubtful explanation hypothesise — obsessively rationalise reflectiveUnderstanding parts of speech 4. Write the parts of speech for the words in bold in each set of sentences fu adjective / adverb / noun 1. Mrs Mitchell teaches English composition daily, Ronald was reading a daily when his ealleague walked up o hin = adjective / noun / preposition ‘Tomek gave a round estimate to the maths equation, Ms Tyler asked her students to do another round of speaking tasks, ‘Try to come round to the lecture hall later if you're not too busy. iterjection / noun / verb 3. Tears began to well up in Johantn’s eyes when he saw that he had failed, ‘Tara's drive as a teacher came from a deep well of inspiration. Well, these marks have certainly beaten my expectations. adjective/ noun / verb 4 The honour students were all like-minded individuals. I don't believe we'll sce the like of him again, It’s tough to like a class that has such a striet instructor determiner / noun / pronoun 5 Of the 20 students in class, few were present. Her mark was low because she answered only a few questions. Education should be for the many, not just for the few. Write a word from the box to complete each pair of sentences. 1 Tllanswer each and every about the exam in due course, Itis important to __ the lecturer about topics that are difficult to understand. 2 Doyouhave any to obtain your doctorate in psychology? ‘The new university campus contains every facility that students could possibly to complete their studies, 3. I’snouse trying to with him; it's better to let him learn the hard way, ‘There's neither rhyme nor to her lecture style, and she's diffienlt to understand as a result. 4 Karl didn't give a second to what he would study at university — he knew it would definitely be psychiatry. Having ong and hard about the issue, Martha decided to study philosophy at university. She had a__ that there would be a change to the curriculum this year. Don't over your desk like that - you'll soon have back problems, 6 Not being able to__ the issue on her own, Nancy contacted the dean for assistance, Ifyou plan on pursuing a career as a psychiatrist, you've got to have the to finish years of study.Unit 3 6 Decide what part of speech is missing from each sentence. 1 Pleas take your time in EEE yourself with the learning materials. 2 Thinking you can learn philosophy easily is EINE at best 3. Becanse of her unwavering [EEE all classrooms will now be equipped with interactive whiteboards. 4 Many people believe the answer to the question of why we are here still rains 5 Teachers often [REE with students who have difficult home lives. 6 Tm sorry, but this thesis doesn’t have a clear focus and I'm afraid it must be =a L apologise if | offended you concerning your work it was completely [I Students frequently have IEE views of what university life will be like, thinking it will be easier than it reall 9 You should sit [EEE in your chair, as slouching is bad posture which creates a bad impression 10 Socrates’ philosophical ideas were quite IE in ancient times. 7 Write a word from the box in the correct form to complete each sentence in exercise 7. [ELUDE = FAMILIAR w IDEAL s ILLUSION s INTEND = PERSIST = REVOLT « SYMPATHY « UP 1 WRITE — 4 7 10 2 5 3 8 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. 1. Creating a school curriculum is often an evolutionary process. TIME ‘The creation of a school curriculum often before reaching the end result. 2 Kim explained how Eastern and Western philosophies are different in profound ways and have opposing perspectives. DIFFER Kim explained how Eastern and Western philosophies and have opposing perspectives. 3 Mikail was impressed by the lecturer’s presentation and he congratulated him. BE Mikail considered the lecturer's presentation and he congratulated him. 4. Ifstudents seem bored with lessons interests them, ‘TRY If students seem bored with lessons, ____ topics to see what interests them. offer different topic suggestions to see what 5 Let me know if'you prefer me to write on the board rather than just speaking. HAVE Let me know if yon whether I write on the board or just speak.Understanding parts of speech Q Write a word in each gap to complete the text a The Easter phiosophers of Conilu ad Lao 21a associated) rmoderte aware ofthis association init ng thle nes according to Westrn bacon, = a cori around the pret of mater wean, Whe consumerism may senseless} cite peopl to acquire possessions es away of Improving) slat no a he same tne slut to change this bel) rater how tee the effort may be An exteme exase of ii to etoreotypical Wal Soot excutvo, () has amassed {an unbelievable amount of money but for whom no amount will ever be satisfactory. 10 Explain why you chose the words you did in exercise 10, Gap ~— Gap 2: Gap Gap Gap 5: Gap 6: vord given 11. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits the gap. The phrase “think outside the box’ (1) fom ORIGIN: business management teams in the 1970s and 1980s, that encouraged people to think in (2) CONVENTION ways, The managers challenged their colleagues to link nine dots with the least number of straight lines and without lifting the writing instrument from the paper. To solve the puzzle correctly, the ines viould have to (3) ____sormewhere outside the ream ofthe VERGE dots ~ in other words, outside an imaginary box that the nine dots (4) create just by appearing SEEM (on the page. Employers would like thelr workers to come up with (5) ideas that, inthe end, REVOLT increase the company’s overall (6) inthe COMPETE BI cerca, tuts kos ont bang perven to ik ouside the box. Brainstorming an tempting to j ew problems rm (angles can nelo the COUNT 100808 along, To some extent thous, comes down tohow @} a peticolar individual can tink, SKILLUnit I Exam focus: 41 Look at the exam practice section on page 29 and identify the part of speech each | gap requires. Gap pate Gap 5 Gap2 ___ Gap Oe Gaps Gap? — or Gap 4 Gaps 2. Form as many derivatives as you can from the words in bold in the Exam practice task on page 28 Gapo Skills tip == =a waite Pat wil youTve 0 Gap 1 ae = = arian gor Gap? | Gap 3 ine citoent part of — — — See eee Gap faeaer Yes/No Gaps ce io — —— =] ' to Gap 6 i. Gap7 :. Gaps 4 3 Match the statements to the Parts of Advanced Paper 1. More than one statement may apply tosome Parts, Knowing parts of speech will help you complete phrases. The part of speech is already decided for you. You will change a given word into a particular part of speech. ‘You will need to know the part of speech of a word you're giv You will need to think of both a word and its part of speech to give the answers. Part 1: Part 2: ___ aaooe Part 4:ip ed Paper 1 have to 2s choose a word to Yes/No rma word oF m that of Yes/No Understanding Exam practice: i Part 3 E questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the inning (0) your answer IN CAPITAL LETTERS, bo] PNAS Chinese philosopher Confucius lived in tha 6th century He is thought to have lived a rather (0) _____ Ife, ASSUME serking on farms and as a bookkeeper before becoming S==cher His legacy is a collection of sayings contained in a Skills tip cok called the Analets, His teaching (1) IDEA loenttying the parts “es around the Indivigual cuveting ther own vitue ana speech of words tat come Sesonal (2) _.- This is achieved through devotion to STABLE before end! after the gepsin ea eieege = e paesune | 1g ess sety 28 a whole will function better and be less inclined spac leride St WoRta’can tray toward excess. actually fit. For example, if Se ericy