Questions / Short Answers a Questions / Short Answers ‘Yes/No questions (questions which require Yes/No Wh-questions begin with a question word (what, in the answer) are formed by putting the auxiliary or which, when, where, who, why, whose, how, etc) modal verb (be, have, can, etc) before the subject. “Who is he?” When there is a verb followed by a ‘She can do it. » Can she do it? With all other verbs preposition, the preposition usually goes at the end we form Yes/No questions with Do/Does (Present of the question. In formal English it can be put before Simple) or Did (Past Simple) He works hard. = the question word. Who dic she get married to? Does he work hard? Yes/No questions are asked (more usual) To whom did she get married? (formal with a rising intonation, Do you enjoy cartoons? # English) We use questions to ask for information or permission. We can also use them to make offers, requests, suggestions or invitations. Do you know wi tine the train leaves? (Information), May | see the manager? (Permission), Would you like me to co the ironing? (offer), Could you show me how to fix the tao? (request), Shall we go to the opera? (Suggestion), Would you like to have dinner with me? (invitation) [Form questions, then identity the speech situation for each question (yourpick up children from school?) Could you pick up the children from school? (request). (use the car today?) — a (yourlike/come over to my house?) (youldo my shopping tomorrow?) (what time/shops close today?) (we go/concert this evening?) (| borrow/some money?) (we/goithe cinema tonight?) {you like/go to the beach tomorrow?) (Vuse/your pen for a minute?) Semrvousens | We normally use the following question words to ask about: people things/animals place time quantity manner reason What What "Where How long = Howmany How Why Which (of) Which (of How often How much Who What time Whose (possession) When @ Who is used to ask about people. "Who is the author ofthis book? © Whose is used to express possession. “Whose is this car?” it's Paul's.” ‘Which is used for people, animals or things, alone or before nouns, one/ones or of. Which bag is yours? Which of these books do you want? Which is normally used when there is a limited choice. "Which is your car the Mercedes or the Volvo?” (there are only two cars we are talking about - limited choice.) It can also be used with the comparative and superlative. “Which is faster, 2 Ferrari or a Porsche?” "Which fs the tallest building in America?” (© What is used alone or before a noun to ask about things. ‘What can | say?" “What books do you enjoy reading?” What is used when there is an unlimited choice. ‘What kind of food do you enjoy eating?” (there are many kinds of food to choose from - unlimited choice) What can also be used in the following expressions: What ... look like? (asking for a description of physical appearance), What ... for?, What colour ...?, What size?, What kind/sort?, What time, What is he like? (asking for a description of character), What Is It used for?, etc “What is your brother like?” “He's very nice.” “What does Jack look like?” “He's very tall and thin.” “What colour is his hair?” “Dark brown. © What and which are sometimes both possible. What/Which fruit shall we have for dessert? 7Questions / Short Answers Fill in: who, whose, which, what, where, how long, how often, what time, when, how many, how much, how or why. *..jlvhat... does she do for a living?” "She's a florist.” 3 ‘bag is this?” “i's Mary's. “skirt do you prefer, the black one or the green one?’ The green one.” 4 coounstse POOPIE WOFk in this office?” “Thirty. is your mother coming back?” “Next week.” didn't you tell me that you were leaving?” "I forgot. “does a ticket to Edinburgh cost?” “£50.” «have you been living in London?” “Three years. “times a week do you go to the gym?” * Four.” is the cheapest way to get to Liverpool, by bus "By bus. kind of films do you like?" “Adventure stories.” bus goes to the airport?” * The number 24. does the plane arrive at Heathrow?" “Twelve o'clock." don't you come with us to the theatre?" “I'd love to, do you get to work?” "By bus. is that tall man over there?” "My uncle. times have you been to France?” “Three.” do you see your parents?” “Every month,” "were you born?” “In Brighton, .. car is that parked outside?” “John’s. Subject/Object Questions if what, which or who are the subject of the question, the word order is the same as in statements (subject questions). If they are the object of the question, the verb is in question form (object questions). subject object subject ‘object lan met Sally. Sally met David, Who met Sally? (NOT: Who-dic- meet Sally?) who a Say meot? B Write questions for the sentences below. The words in bold should be the answer. 1 2 3 4 dames arrived late. ...//ho arrived late?. 13. Anita opened the window. Tina cooked the food. .. 14. The car belongs to Barbara. She likes ice-skating, - sen My father drove me to school. ... 15 | have five brothers, ei 16 The ticket cost £5, twas Ann's fault. 5 17. Nick lives in London 6 He bought a new tie. .. 18 My favourite food is pizza 7 Shakespeare wrote that play. on = nies 19. Simon likes Julie. 8 Daniel shouted at Sarah. 20 Dennis was born in 1970. 9 Sheila didn't talk to Diane. 21. My favourite pet is the cat. 10 Henry arrived at ten o'clock 22. Tom is getting married to Lisa. 11 My sister had a baby. ht 23. Paul gave the parcel to Barbara. 12. Paul gave the parcel to Mary. 24 The fm lasted three hours... 98Questions / Short Answers J Negative Questions © Negative questions are formed with not, but there is a difference in word order for the short and ful form. (short form) auxiliary + n't + subject + verb Haven't they reached Hawaii yet? (everyday speech) (ull form) auxiliary + subject + not + verb Have they not reached Hawaii yet? (emphatic) © Negative questions are used to express: annoyance/sarcasm (Hasn't she come back yet”), surprise (Don't you know she was fired?), a wish to persuade someone (Won't you fei me do the exercises?) and expectation of a “Yes” - answer (Don't you know they got engaged”) [L._Use the prompts below to make a negative question, then give a suitable reply 1 A: Why didn't you come to school yesterday? ...\Veren't you feeling well...? (yourfeeling well) B: ...No,... | wasn't. 2 A: There was a good film on TV last night. ....... 2 (you/watch it) 8 was too tired 3 A: The meeting's been cancelled, Mr Bright. .? (anyoneftell you) B: .. they didn't. 4 A: It's getting late. .. 7 (he/should be here by now) B: - .. he should, 5A: You 100k very tied. «ssn ..2 (you/sleep well last night) B: seessssseeey I'M afraid not. 6 A: Why is John at home today? ...? (he/should be working) Be cose, he has the day off. 7 A: Why weren't you at the party last night? ... 12 (you/be invited) a: "ut | did’ fee ike going. _ij Question Tags © Question tags are short questions added to the end of a statement to ask for confirmation of, or agreement with, the statement. They are formed with an auxiliary verb and the appropriate personal pronoun. They take the same auxiliary verb as in the statement if there is one, otherwise they take do/does (Present S.) or did (Past S.). He is in hospital, isn't he? She didn't come, did she? © Questions tags can be said with a rising intonation when we are not sure and expect an answer, or a falling intonation when we are sure and don't really expect an answer. She is lying, Isn't she? » (not sure) He bought a new car, didn't he? x (sure) © A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag, and a negative statement is followed by a positive question tag. She sings wel, doesn’t she? He won't ell, will he? Note that everyone/someone/anyoneino one form their question tags with an auxiliary verb + they. Everyone aittsnied the meeting, didn't they? © Study the following question tags. = ‘lam* “aren't 12° |1am shorter than you, aren't I? — “lused to” int 12" He used to be your best friend, didn’t he? — Imperative il youlwon't you?” Write to me, will you?/won't you?) ‘an youlcould you?” can you?/could you? — ‘Let's* “shall we?” Let's go for a waik, shall we? — ‘Let mejhim” ete ‘will youwon't you?” Let her come with us, will youlwon't you? — “Don't” (negative imperative) “will you?” Don't forget to call me, will you? — "Ihave" (= possess) “haven't I?" He has a nice house, hasn't he? — “Ihave” (idiomatic use) “don't I?” We had a great time, didn't we? — “There sare” ‘isn'Varen't there?” There is room for me, isn’t there? — “This/That is" “isn't it?” This is your pen, isn’t it?Questions / Short Answers [E_Fitin the appropriate question tag. 1 You have got enough money, ...haven't you..? | 11. You have been invited, ... # 2. He will be on time, .. 2 42 There are a lot of people here, a 3. There is enough food for everyone, 2 | 13 She left an hour ago, 4 She used to fight with her brother, 2 | 14 He hates pizza, sn 5. Everyone felt embarrassed, 2 18. That was your father, 6 Lam dressed smartly enough, 2 | 16 Tell me, : 7 That's your car, 17 Let me know, . 8 You will pick me up, 48 Ann can't speak French, . i 9 Let's eat dinner now, ... 2 19. She has a brother, - 10 Don't leave without Me, nnnnnnen? 20 | am older than you, ‘© Question tags can also be atfirmative-affirmative. If said with a rising intonation, we ask for more information. She is alvays late, is she? Wf said with a falling intonation, we express negative feelings such as disappointment or disapproval, We don't expect an answer. He"/ be angry, will he? |e @ Echo tags are a response to an affirmative or negative sentence. They are used in everyday speech to ask for more information or to show anger, concern, confirmation, interest, surprise, etc Affirmative: Ho loft. - He did, didn't he? (confirmation) He left. - He dic?/Did he? (surprise) didn't come. - He didn't, did he? (confirmation) He didn't come. - He didn't? (surprise) or confirmation. ie response expressing disappointment, su “He's a very quiet child.” * “They have seven children.” ° (confirmation) svn?” (SUMpTISE) 1. “He is in India.” *..He ie." (surprise) 2 “itis very cold today.” 2° (confirmation) 3. “it's five o'clock already, 2” (surprise) 4 “She failed the exam.” ~ (disappointment) 5 “Marys ill” * (surprise) 6 “He missed the BUS.” * nnn -..2" (disappointment) 7 “Jack's her cousin.” * STEN ” (confirmation) 8 “Ihaven't read that book.” * ae 2° (surprise) 9 10 4 Short Answers Short answers are used to avoid repetition of the question asked before. Positive short answers are formed with Yes + personal pronoun + auxiliary verb (the verb thats found at the beginning of the question do, can, have, will, etc) "Did he do i?” “Yes, he did.” Negative short answers are formed with No + personal pronoun + negative auxiliary verb (auxiliary + n'tis always one word). “Did sie see you?” “No, she didn't.” BD ‘Add question tags and short answers to the following. “You used to play the piano, ...dian't youn.?” 28, oul did "She's got a loud voice, .. : 7 “Walk a bit slower, .. a” “He works for Laura, fs “You've been to Japan, 2 “You're coming to the party tonight, . eo “They had been told about it, — “Don't repeat what I told you, er 2asensQuestions / Short Answers 9 “They won't be very happy, ie NO, oo ; 40 “You have an appointment this morning, : va ‘Yes, 11 “They bought that car last year, «nn. rr "Yes, 12 “He's going to be surprised 2 "Yes, : : Oral Development 13 Look at the pit lures, then make sentences using question tags and short answers. Si: He seems to be working hard, doesn’t he? 52: Yes, he does. qa So - Neither/Nor - But © So + auxiliary verb + personal pronoun/noun (positive addition to a positive sentence) She plays tennis. So do |. ( play tennis too.) Sarah went to university. So did Bill (Bill went to university too.) © Neither/Nor + auxiliary verb + personal pronoun/noun (negative addition to a negative sentence}. James can't swim. Neither/Nor can Jim, (NOT: Se-can'tdims,) © But + personal pronoun/noun + affirmative auxiliary verb (positive contrast to negative statement) Daniel hasn't seen that film, but I have. He hasn't read that book, but she has. © But + personal pronoun/noun + negative auxiliary verb (negative contrast to positive statement) Mike looks sad, but Jim doesn’t. He has been to Paris, but she hasn't. [E_Rephrase the sentences using so, neitherinor or but as in the example. 1. Both Simon and Joe play football. ...Slimon plays football. So does Joe. 2 Peter can't drive and | can't either. 3. I've been to America. David hasn't. 4 Sally and Ann don't want to come. 5 Both Mary and Sam are at school... 6 Mark doesn't speak French and Tim doesn't either. 7 8 9 Jane saw the play. Kate did too. | don't like watching cricket. Daniel does... Sean hasn't done his homework. Pam hasn't either. 10 | passed the exam. My friend didn’t pass. 11. Both Peter and | are going to the concert. 12 I don't approve of smoking, My friends don’t either. 13 Paul has been informed. Louise has too, 44 Tom doesn't like Thai food. His wife does. 15. Charlie won't come and Dan won't either. 16 I:can play the violin. My brother can't. 20Questions / Short Answers When we wish to express surprise at what somebody has said we use so + subject + auxiliary verb. George: Mary looks upset. Ann: So she does! Add an appropriate response to the foll That's Harry over there! (surprise) ...50 ir [Sl She's found a job! (surprise) George doesn't like strawberries. (addition - I) Diana has gone on holiday. (addition - Alice) Rebecca doesn't like Caroline. (addition - I). asens u So- Not So and not can be used in short answers after: think, hope, expect, suppose, I'm afraid, guess, it seems, say, tell sb, it appears, believe or imagine. I'm afraid so - I'm afraid not It appears so - It doesn’t appear soit appears not I believe so - | don't believe so/l believe not | expect so - I don't expect soll expect not | guess so - I guess not I hope 80 - I hope not | imagine so - | don't imagine so/| imagine not He says so/He said so - He doesn't say so/He didn't say so It seems s0 - It doesn't seem so/lt seems not | suppose so - | don't suppose so/l suppose not He told me so - He didn't tell me so I think so - I don't think sof think not Will she marry him?" "I think so.” “Shouldn't he have been here by now?" “I don't think so. [1 Fitin the blanks using the verb in brackets and so or not A: Will Bill come to the races? (think) B: ...| don't think eo... . He's not very well 2 A: Will you go away for halt-term? (hope) B: A | need a rest. 3. A: Willyour grandmother have to go to hospital? (atraid) 8 sme » SHE'S VORY il 4A: How do you know that John will be late? (telly B He mentioned it before leaving ‘Are you going shopping tomorrow? (suppose) ous « There's no food Be in the house. Is the whole family invited to the reception? (appear) 2 > The hall is too small. 22 7A: Willyou be athome this evening? (expect) B: haven't made any plans. 8 A: Doyouthink Carine kes Sophie? (imagine) B: They dont seem to get on very well together. 9 A: Can you lend me some money? (afraid) B: haven't been paid yet. 40 A: Do you think it wil ain tomorrow? (hope) B: . . | want to go on a picnic. 11. A: Will he approve of the plan? (expect) B: He's accepted all our ideas so far 12 A: Will yoube at the wedding? (afraid) B: I'l be in Glasgow that weekend.Questions / Short Answers | Asking for permission / Making requests Giving Refusing Permission/Answering requests Gan iiCould 1 have something to eat? Im starving. Yes, you can./¥es, of course (you can)./No, you May I/Might I borrow your eraser? can't. Yes, you may./Yes, of course (you may). No, you may not.i'd rather you didn't.’ afraid not. Making suggestions/invitations “Answering suggestions/invitations Will you/Would you/Would you like to go for a cotfee? I'd like to.(I'd love to./Yes, all right.'™m afraid | Shall we go to the cinema? can't I'd love to but I can't,/I'm sorry, I can't Making offers “Answering offers. Shall wwe, Can I/we, Would you like me to come with you? Yes, please./No, thank you./No thanks. Fill in short answers as in the example. 1. A: Shall we go rafting this Sunday? 6 A: Would you and Bill ike to come over on B: 1 love to... Who else Saturday night? is going? i e 2 A: Would you like another glass of water? We've been invited to a party. B: 7 A: Could you go and buy some fruit? I'm very thirsty B: 3A: Shall | wash your shirt for you? have nothing to do at the moment. Bsns 1 do it later 8 A: Can | wear your blue jumper today? 4 A; Will you be able to drive me to work? —_ ernie B: . : 1'm going to wear it. he car's broken down, 9 A; May! borrow this book? 5 A: Shall we go out for a meal tonight? BS saxasaseras Bl sceeca scope I've read it already, We haven't been out for ages. 10 A: Will you be coming tomorrow? B: Thave to go to the dentist. [L_Use the words in capitals to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. Dinosaurs were land animals that walked the Earth for over 160, mulion years (from 230 to 65 millon years ago). They were an incredibly varied group of animals there were (0) . literally LITERAL thousands and thousands of species of dinosaurs The largest were over 30 metres in (1) and 15 metres tall LONG and the smallest were about the size of a chicken. All dinosaurs were reptiles and most hatched from eggs. While many dinosaurs were meat-eaters, the (2) MAJOR (about 65%) were actually plant-eaters Why dinosaurs @ became extinct 65 million years ago remains one of the most. SUDDEN @ questions in paleontology Many scientists believe that an FASCINATE asteroid from (5) space hit the Earth 65 million years ago and that. © OUT the dust from the (6) blocked out the sun's light. This possibly COLLIDE caused 7) changes to the Earth’s climate and the dinosaurs DRAMA starved Nevertheless, most paleontologists think that one group of dinosaurs did surwve. Indeed, they are ale today! Most (8) believe that birds are SCIENCE the direct (9) of dinosaurs So next time you look out your window © DESCEND and see a (10) friend, just think. you are looking at a dinosaur! FEATHER 203}Inversion / Emphatic Structures a Inversion We can invert the subject and the auxiliary verb in the sentence to give emphasis. If there is no auxiliary verb, we use do/does (Present S.) or did (Past S.) in the interrogative. This happens: © after certain expressions when they are placed at the beginning of a sentence. These are: Barely, Hardly (ever) ~» When, In no way, In/Under no circumstances, Little, Never (before), Nor/Neither, No sooner .. than, Not ‘even once, Not only ... but also, Not since, Not till/until, Nowhere, Only by, Only in this way, On no ‘account, On no occasion, Only then, Rarely, Scarcely (ever) ... when, Seldom, etc. Under no circumstances should you open the door. Seldom do we see him these days. Only after, only by, only if, ‘only when, not since, not till until used at the beginning cause inversion of the subject and the auxiliary ver inthe main clause. Only when thoy had lett did he burst into tears. © in conditionals when should, were, had (Past Perfect) are placed at the beginning of the sentence. Note that if is omitted. Should you come eariy, we'l/ go fo the theatre. (f you should come, ...- Type 1) Were I you, | would 90 2 doctor. (If were you ... - Type 2) Had he been asked, Ne would have helped. (the had been asked ...- Type 3) © after 50, such, to such a degree (in result clauses) placed at the beginning of a sentence. So short Is she ‘hat she can't reach the shett @ after s0, neither/nor, as to express agreement. “He likes ou!” “So does hs wile "(So is used to agree with an affirmative sentence.) “She doesn like fs!” "Neither Nor do |.” (Nelther/Nor are used to agree with a negative statement) His schoolmates acimire him, as do his teachers In the following structures we invert the subject and the main verb. after adverbs of place. “ero comes Ann’ (BUT Here she comes!) re is her bag! (BUT Here itis!) in Direct Speech when the reporting verb comes after the quote and the subject is a noun Wet awiul weather!” said Mary. (Mary said is also possible.) (BUT “What awful weather!” she said.) Complete the itences using the words in bold. two to five words. 1. We can get into the house only if you have a key. can Only if..you have 4 Key cari. we get into the house. 2 Ifthe weather gets any colder, we'll turn on the heating. get Should : 3. He had just entered when the telephone rang, sooner No .. ssn . : 4. He visits us so rarely that I can hardly remember what he looks like. we'll tum on the heating .. the telephone rang. visit ‘So -vnnnnninnnnnnnens that 1 Gan hardly remember what he looks like. 5 Mark works so hard that I'm sure he'll be promoted soon. does So i - that I'm sure he'll be promoted soon. 6 If you had been there, you would have enjoyed it. been Had 7 He spoke to me only after | spoke to him. speak Only aller | sp0K@ 0 him wn 8 Janet won't get on a plane under any circumstances. will Under nnn aa 9 | realised who she was only after a few minutes. realise Only after a few minutes 7 10. She didn't know that her wish would come true. did Little... 11 He didn't laugh once all evening did Not . 42 They scarcely talk to each other any more. do ‘Scarcely .. ' would have enjoyed it. to me. on a plane. . she was. her wish would come true. all evening. . vn. @ach other any more. 20Inversion / Emphatic Structures 13. This restaurant rarely gets so crowded, get Seldom 14 If he had left earlier, he would have been on time. he Hod sci 15 She was so happy that she decided to celebrate, .. 80 crowded, have been on time. she So sninnnnnnnnnnnnninnee SHE decided to celebrate. 16 This is the only way that we can be sure we are right. in Only ... i be sure that we are right. 17 Ithe notices anything, we'll be in trouble. notice Should soemeesneseseeces WO'll BO iN trouble. 18 Sarah forgot to take her purse and her handbag too. did Sarah didn't remember to take her purse}... .. to take her handbag. 19 He was so scared that he could hardly breathe. fear ‘Such .. he could hardly breathe. 20 She performed so well that she won an award. perform — So . that she won an award, 21. Thailand is warmer and cheaper than Engin ° only Not 22 If were you, | would try calling her again ... than England, it's cheaper too, you Were... calling her again. 23. The weather hasn't been this warm since last summer. has Not since last summer ere sven HS WATT, 24 You must not miss the plane on any account. no On the plane, 25. She had just left when the boss asked to see her._ sooner No 26 He will only understand you if you speak French. the boss asked to see her. will Only he understand you. 27 Ifyou don't apologise, he will never rforgive you. not Should 7 . he will never forgive you. E ]] Rewrite the sentences using so or such at the beginning of the sentence. 1 The weather was so bad that they stayed at home. So ...2ad was the weather that they stayed at home 2 The house was so big that he almost got lost. $0... fas 3. He was so surprised to see her he could hardly speak. Such 4 She was so bored by the play that she fell asleep. So 5 He was so angry thal he shouted at everyone. Such L ] _Fitlin so, neither/nor and the appropriate verb. 1. “I'd like to go to Belgium one day.” +90 would |... ve never been there.” 2. “Ireally enjoyed that fim lastnight.” It's one of the best I've ever seen.” XP [ve used up all my money.” - My purse is emply.” 4 "We didn't like the food they served yesterday." : It was overcooked.” 5 “Iee! like going to the beach today.” Let's go!” 6 “Ican't remember how to make souffle sve: - Let's 100k in the recipe book.” 7 *Idon't believe he's teling the truth.” ae 3 .. The facts don't add up.” aayInversion / Emphatic Structures m | Emphatic Structures Emphatic structures are used to emphasise a particular part of a sentence. ©@ it isjwas (not) + subject/object + who(m)/that (used in statements and negations) itwasn't John whoithat called last night. It wasn't her bicycle that was stolen. Itwas his house that was burgled. It's David who is modelling for Fendi @ isiwas it + subject/object + who(m)/that (used in questions) Was it my fault that it happened? Was it her sister who got a first at university? © that is/was + question word (used in statements) That's why she left the party so early. © is/was that + question word or question word + is/was it + that (used in questions) Was that why she was crying? Why was it that he got so angry? © question word + subject + verb + isiwas (used in statements) What ! need is some time alone. © We can use do/does/did + bare infinitive in the Present Simple, Past Simple or Imperative to give emphasis. Ido hope he will be allright. Do have another piece of pie. He did tell me he was coming. @ To express admiration, anger, concern etc we use question words with ever. Whatever shall | do? Whoever is that? a Rewrite the sentences as in the example giving emphasis to the words in bold. 4. Mary sent this card. ..!¢ wae Mary who sent thie card. 2. Judy baked the cake. ae ae 3. Did you lock the front door? 4 Youneed a long rest... 5. Johnny needs a new pair of shoes. 6 7 8 9 Mary came round last night. Where did you go on holiday last year? Why are you always biting your nails? : It doesn’t matter what he does, he always makes mistakes 10. He bought a new ring for her. 11. Are you angry with Jim? 12. Mr Brown called the police. 13. When are you moving house? 14. Jane needs a lot of support at the moment. 15 How will | get there so early in the morning? [ ] Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words, 1 You haven't paid last month's phone bill that It...is you that/who hasn't... paid last month's phone bill 2. Mrdones is the manager of the supermarket. is Ht : a 3 Did they go to the Caribbean for their honeymoon? them Was .. ' vse the Caribbean for their honeymoon? 4. The bus driver himself doesn't want to let any more passengers on board. the manager of the supermarket. who It. : .. doesn't want to let any more passengers on board. 5 Julie doesn’t want to invite Malcolm to her party. is It 3 doesn't want to invite to her party. 6 My father didn't let me go out last night who It. 1» didn't let me go out last night. 22Inversion / Emphatic Structures 7 Mum, you promised to buy me a new pair of jeans. did Mum, .»» buy me a new pair of jeans. 8 She said that she might be late for dinner. say She .»- Might be late for dinner. 9 You were the one who wanted to come here. was tt ar to come here. 10 Did he fail his driving test? failed Was .- his driving test? [1 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words. 1. You should never press the red button on the telephone. circumstances Under ..."0 circurmietarices should you... press the red button on the telephone. 2 He didn't know that Jack had planned a surprise Party. did Litt .. Jack had planned a surprise party. 3. Toms the person who made all this Porsibe. who it 7 all this possible, 4 He seldom goes out at the weekends. go Seldom ... at the weekends. 5 I won't be at home before Monday, after Only’ at home, 6 Why were you late for work today? that WHY on .». were late for work today? 7__Itis impossible for him to find £50,000 to pay the ransom. can On no account aes to pay the ransom. '8 You'll only find a good job if you're luc will Only if... . find a good job nowadays. 9 is father cooked dinner on Thursday nig who tt . dinner on Thursday night, 10. He met his wife while on holiday in italy that It was while he was . he met his wife. a Think of the word which best fits each gap. Write only one word in each one. The Lonely Planet series (0) ..o¥... travel guide books is a publishing phenomenon, Founded (1) the early seventies by Tony and Maureen Wheeler, Lonely Planet DOOKS (2) ......nemne the first travel guides aimed specifically at backpackers ._ other low-budget travellers. The idea of the book began after a year-long overland journey (across Europe and Asia and onto Australia) taken by the Wheelers. (4) many travellers approached them asking them questions about (5) .... trip that they decided to self-publish a book about it. That first book - ‘Across Asia on the Cheap’ — giving tips and advice for independent adventure travellers became an instant local bestseller. The money from the sales of that book allowed them to take (8) sn overland journey. This resulted in a second guidebook ~ South-East Asia on a Shoestring, This book went on to become (7) of the most popular guidebooks ever published. Today, Lonely Planet publishes over 650 titles in 118 countries and annual sales top six milion tiles. It is without question (8) sonmnsnnnone Of the Most influential travel guides ever published. Lonely Planet opened up the world of independent ‘adventure travel. it made people fee! they could truly travel (9) v.«. The books were unique because they gave information on travel spots (10) ............. were not in other guidebooks. Today the books stil give up-to-date advice, invaluable tips, information (11)... . Must-see spots, and encourage travellers to explore new places. It is stil the ‘book most backpackers tum to (12) .. they go traveling 28Further Practice Sections Section A — Vocabulary & Grammar practice Words often Confused 1 10 " 12 Read the | found a wonderful Persian rug in the .. market the other day. A archaic B old © antique D antiquated Mr Jackson needs a. Monday morning. of the report first thing A copy © image B print D reproduction Helen and George are expecting ........ at the end of winter. A couples B sets € twins pairs My son wants to a doctor when he's older. A change B become C develop D tum ‘The computer course lessons over six months. ‘A composes B consists of ten two-hour © makes up D contains ‘The lecture was so boring that | had a very difficult time paying... and almost fell asleep. A attention © warning B notice D interest ‘Authorities are investigating the ‘A reason B cause C manner . of the fire. D way This shop has everything ... spices to designer clothes. A stocking B ranging C extending D varying from exotic He was to the amount of money he could spend on holiday. A limited B fixed C bounded D set Please, ‘once in your life, try not to be late tomorrow. Alor B by Cat D upon Of course I... you! We went to school together, didn't we? ‘A consider © recognise B see D hold His of confidence resulted in him not getting the job. A losing B failure missing D lack 13 4 15 16 7 18 19 20 at 23 ntences below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each blank. | heard a loud bang and the ...... thing I knew, police were everywhere. A future B following C after D next Please me to cancel my dentist's appointment on Tuesday. A remind © remember B retain D recall We would never have guessed who had the orime. A committed B done ¢ had D caused | called the plumber to get a(n) on how much a new shower would cost. A guess B number C estimate D count ‘The Smiths have their piano tuned on a basis. A right B regular C normal D proper ‘She cut the cake into eight ....... after she had blown out the candies. A portions B pars C sizes D figures Ben has just bought a house, so he can't to go on holiday this year. A afford B price C cost budget The company wil... a new line of cosmetics onto the market this autumn. A put introduce B bring D commence During the festival, the streets Were one with people from all over the world ‘A crowded © congested B tull D occupied The total ‘of money needed for this project is over one million pounds. A mass B number C amount D bulk He has a of looking at life that is very refreshing, A method B mean C way D plan 223)Further Practice Sections 24 James has had an argument ........ Tina and is not speaking to her. Ain B by Cc of D with 25. My moming....... never changes ~| wake up, take a shower, have a cup of coffee and go to work A routine B practice C custom D time 26 'lnever be him! A capable B possible C probable D able . to understand what she saw in 27 The hotel........ free accommodation for children under the age of ten. A provides B makes C assists D does 28 Air pollution has breathing disorders. A directed B brought © guided D led . to an increase in 29 Sally is so sensitive that she cries ........ she watches a sad film. ‘A whenever © whichever B however D how 30 Don't worry! The instructions af@ Very wn 10 follow. A natural B easy C ordinary D casual 31. Even though my grandfather is 87 years old, he's BS enn 6 2 fiddle. A healthy B happy c fit D slim 32 Don't the chance to visit the Museum of Fine Arts when you're in town. A miss € forget B omit D look over 33. How long was it before you that your purse was missing? A viewed © faced B noticed D witnessed 34 If you have an alibi, it will that you were nowhere near the scene of the crime. A prove B clear C say D find 35_ Alison ........ most of her pocket money on CDs. A throws B exploits © spends D buys 36 Mary her own business when she was only 20 years old, A did up setup B made out D brought on 224 37 39 a a2 43 45 a7 The only reason why he wn. the crash was because he was wearing his seatbelt A saved C lasted B endured D survived One of the most... rules of tennis is to always keep your eye on the ball. A basic significant B weighty D extreme 1'm sorry, but without the the shop will not be able to give you a refund. A recipe © receipt B formula D prescription The only ....... of living in a flat is that it is cheaper than living in a house. A advantage gain B asset D plus Mrs James had difficulty in controlling the class, ssn though she was an experienced teacher. A indeed B just © even exactly There are many ways ..... which you can make food tasty and attractive to children. A over B in C of D among Jim Perkins Was... t0 be the only suitable candidate for the job. A imagined © designed B hoped D considered He walked slowly although he was ... his appointment. late for A extremely highly B ultra D intensely Frieda is always... a very warm welcome whenever she visits her cousins. A saved © performed B reserved D guaranteed ‘The increase of traffic in cities has resulted .. more people suffering from breathing problems. A of B towards © in D to The man was eventually ‘come out of his hiding place. A persuaded C suggested B arranged D let by the police to Your work falls well. A under B short the required standard, C below D lower49 50 51 52 56 s7 59 61 Jane's . told her that something had happened to her twin sister. A affinity B intuition C aptitude D flair "You can always be of our support,” my Parents told me when | left home. A count B sure © depend D rely For a long time, he has been... by bad luck. ‘A dogged © doomed B bugged D haunted ‘As the policeman handed me a speeding ticket he said that nobody was the law. ‘A beyond B over C above Dunder Everyone's attention was drawn ......... the noise in the street. Ato B on C into for Many species of fish are in danger of being by increasing levels of sea pollution. A finished off © dried up B wiped out D wore off Many people never ........ to be amazed by the records athletes set each year. A stop B cease C end D finish The manager told the workers that he had every sven if thet ability. A confidence © belief B trust D feeling The school sets @ very high wenn for all its pupils. Away — B standard © spirit’ D term This neighbourhood looks a little these days. A well-heeled C well-off B run-down D down-and-out Don't you think it would be a good idea to try and ‘our problem? A work out c doup B polish off D wear off The young boy ....... to taking the bicycle. A agreed © accepted B denied D confessed ‘The accountant was asked to go . the ‘document very carefully. A of B over Cat D for 67 70 n 73 4 Further Practice Sections Hi Their goal had always been to reach the wn. Of Mount Everest A crown B point © summit D head ‘These workshops are designed to... and speaking skills. listening ‘A grow B create C develop D plant Many patients complained that they didn't receive the proper medical they needed, A behaviour © action B attitude D treatment Mary decided to consider the proposal that was ult nnn tO her a few days ago. A forward B front frst’ © D_ahead The police are still . the cause of the explosion which damaged five cars. A investigating © considering B researching D exploring Not is John a good writer, he is also a good singer. A simply B just © even only He decided to invest the ........ of his money Property. A remains B rest C others D all The book discusses how we could be more sven i Managing our time. A effective © energetic B adequate D able His job ....... spending a lot of time travelling A involves covers B implies D consists ‘Some companies offer courses as a... of training their staff A pattem B means C type Design She did not want him to jump the conclusion that it was all her fault. Ato B of C for Dat This amazing collection of poems first saw the sane OF day in 1980. A moming B broad € light ~——D_ break | started typing my paper and the thing 1 knew, my computer broke down. A next © additional B following D previous 225)Further Practice Sections a 75 Maria Callas became one of the best... singers of her day. A understood B known. opera C liked D popular 76 She was looking rang. A towards B through © up the mail when the phone D on 77 Everybody, myself... forward to the concert. A also B involved C included D too . had been looking 78 He works here temporarily but has plans to open his own business. A finally © soon B eventually D really 79. The cost of airline tickets has gone «enn BY aS much as 25% since January. Aby Bin Cup Dunder 80 Ail track events willbe... in the new Olympic stadium A stored B made C kept D held 81 He gained . experience working as a volunteer in Africa. ‘A deserving worthy B admirable D invaluable 82 It never........ to amaze me how babies learn to communicate. A stops B finishes © ceases D ends 83 Those old buildings are dangerous and should Be rrne, GOWN, A knocked © brought B pushed D wrecked ‘84 It isa fact that this kind of snake bite rarely . fatal A grows B tums C emerges D proves 85 Eating a large breakfast allowed her to go lunch. A up B away C without D off 86 There is very litle ........ that he will pass the exam. A opportunity © opening B chance D probability 206 87 What she likes .... new people. A great B most about travelling is meeting © much Dot 88 “What asked Jan. A brand B label of shampoo do you use?” Martha © mark tag 89 Julia shares all the ........ with her husband, including the cooking and the ironing, A household C housework B homeland D homework 90 It was such a small car that it could only two people. A include B embrace C contain D hold 91 When my sister and | were young children, our father used to......... us on his shoulders. A cary B take C bring uphold 92 Do not ........ the opportunity to see Hamlet at the National Theatre A fail == B miss C lose forget 93 My ........ to London was delayed so | had to hang around the airport for three hours. Aide B tour —_C flight voyage 94 He asked his friends to ......... a good dentist. A recommend prescribe B advise D counsel 95 Becky mentioned something about setting... her own catering company. Au Bin C off D around 96 The police have been trying for MONths 10 «vn the whereabouts of the kidnapper. A stalk B detect C trace follow 97 The .....nu Of the television set goes back more than 50 years. A legend B story € history D age 98 This year's winter fashion .. ages. A attracts B appeals C takes .. to women of all D calls 99 | know fora... that Pam hates Chinese food A fact B certain C sue D truth 100 We will ....... your order before sending the goods. A operate B process C measure D deal101 Mary and Matt don’t really... with each other. A geton B goon C tumout D getby 102 After careful consideration they decided to a job to her as a translator. A provide B present C offer —_D_supply 103 He didn't for the job in time and so he missed the deadline, A apply B enter C enrol —_D register 104 He is now in the difficult position of having to choose... his job and his family. A betweenB among from —D_ amidst, 105 Bullying is regarded as a psychological or physical A shape B form ..of violence, either © point D style 106 Dad was very... with my high school grades and treated me for being so hardworking, A keen B glad —C pleased D joyful 107 Frank decided to a young writers’ ‘competition since he fas an incredible talent for writing stories. A enter © apply B take D participate 108 She received the favourable ........ of all the people who attended her art exhibition ‘A announcements © comments B statements, D expressions 109 To the scientists’ .. astonishment, the experiment proved that young chimpanzees had a better memory than young humans. A total ~B whole © complete D perfect 110 Delivering pizzas at homes is a way to a living before I get a real job. A win B gain © conquer D eam 111 There is no ....... that global warming poses a threat to our planet and humanity. A argument © problem B fear D doubt 112 v.07 the Isle of Aer retiring they decided to... Man and enjoy a quiet life. A arrive Breach C settle D place 113 Scientists have recently tured their to environmental issues. A ideas B concentration attention D beliefs 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 4123 124 125 Further Practice Sections Hill Tracy spent a great... of time preparing dinner for her friends on her birthday. A deal B quantity C degree D sum The thought of taking a test makes my stomach flutter. A litle B hardly © just —-D_mere When he proposed to her she didn't even twice. She said yes immediately. A contemplate ¢ think B regard D wonder He is always whining to get people's attention. It really on my nerves. Ais Boies C sets gets We are both very busy but we manage to see each other 0768 IN as A while —B moment period D term The new treatment has a very high success but is extremely expensive. A degree B standard C ratio D rato | would love to help you write the report but unfortunately | am not with technical language. A aware ¢ familiar B educated D accustomed His story was remarkable, ....... for the fact that it was only partially true. ‘A besides B except C apart unless. He has adopted a healthy diet which mainly of fruit and vegetables as well as dairy products. A includes contains B consists D composes What was once a thick forest ended up being a vast dry area with hardly any trees in é A sight B vision C scene D view ‘Although rainforests cover only 2 per cent of the Earth's surface, they are ........ to nearly 60 per cent of animal species on Earth, ‘A house © accommodation B shelter D home Scientists are looking for a planet that can accommodate all... of life A forms © aspects B states D formations 27Further Practice Sections Hil 426 Thanksgiving is a celebration that . to the 17th century when Indians cel beginning of the autumn harvest. A comes B goes C leads D takes 127 The Simpsons have just bought a house on the ‘of Manchester. A sides C limits B outskirts D boundaries 128 In Portobello Market you are sure to find a wide of antique goods as well as music and clothing. ‘A amount B range C choice D set 129 The most important attraction of Paris not to be - is the Eiffel Tower. A unnoticed c missed B left D omitted 130 Although they decided to split up, they will live in, the same house for the ..of their children. A profit, B gain C benefit. D favour 131 Tina looked dazzling, in her best clothes, for the graduation ceremony at the university hall. A worn out © made over B put out D made up 132 The of the dangerous virus in humans has alerted the Institute of Medicine who are now looking for new methods of killing the virus. A presence C attendance B living D being 133. Jane has her litle way of forcing her will on her children, a very loving way. A inspite of C albeit B however D despite 134 He is an excellent teacher who always expects, higher . in his students’ work while giving them the motivation to achieve their goals. A rates B measures C standards D levels 135 The small shop was with all sorts of Unique ornaments and second-hand furniture. A blocked B packed C squashed D full 136 Unless we take the situation .. find ourselves in a very dificult position. A seriously € importantly B significantly D urgently we will 228 137 We stayed in Edinburgh only for a day so we {FOU 10 eeonansne the MOSt Of Amake Buse C get D do 138 The doctor asked the old lady to sit ....._ until he finished the examination. peaceful D still A fixed B restful 139 Increased sugar consumption can cause vn 10 your teeth. A suffering B damage © loss D harm 140 The news about the git's disappearance left her family in a... of SHOCK. A place B state C case —D form 141 Before filing in the answer sheet, a moment to think about the answer carta A spend B take C pass give 142 During the last European conference in Strasburg, many politicians the issue of global warming. A brought B refered C raised D_put 143 It was a smooth journey except for a few unexpected incidents that came up along the A travel. B direction © way path 144 Pneumonia can to serious health problems if it is not treated at an early stage. A cause B develop C produce D lead 145 The children were ecstatic when they woke up in the moming only to find out that the whole area. 146 All vehicles are equipped with seatbelts and airbags to ......... their safety of passengers. A invent B insist € discover D ensure 147 He is not to living on his own and he {eels terribly lonely now that he's moved away from home. ‘A common © accustomed B familiar D known 148 The theatrical play ended with the two men with each other for the young woman's. heart. A contesting © rewarding B challenging D competing149 150 151 152 153, 154 155 156 157 158 159 British scientists are currently... on the idea of manufacturing a type of refrigerator that uses. less energy and is environmentally friendly. A producing © working B analysing D developing The world’s most advanced spaceship is expected to into space in the next few weeks. A leave B arrive C reach D head Hyou are to spend the night on the beach, itis wise to equip yourself with extra clothing and a sleeping bag, A considering € exploiting B thinking D intending HS sos worth Booking your ticket in advance to avoid disappointment. A well B much C good D very ‘The Disneyland Day Pass is excellent... fOr money since it allows you to go on as many rides ‘as you want, A price B value prize cost. Sea lions are social animals that live in large ‘groups, as is the with dolphins. A truth B fact C case D need ‘Once they had safety locks installed, they were no longer .......... about the possibilty of a burglary. A concerned C attentive B aware D troubled She placed her wallet on the table and, before she . it, it had vanished, A saw noticed B understood D knew Aerobic exercise is beneficial for your body as it increases the heart and strengthens your body muscles. © speed Arate Brace During the meeting, the boss invited the staff to comment on working conditions. A huge D pace discussion........ on how they could be improved. A happened © came B started D arose In Ofer 10 sn tO Us that he had a really good voice Joe stood up and sang a song A prove B claim C imagine D test 160 161 .. 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 Further Practice Sections Hill Pupils at St John’s are known for their politeness and good Itis a joy to work there. ‘A manner B behaviour C style -D way .-« fell when the teacher asked who was responsible for the mess in the classroom. A Silence © Quiet B Doubt D Conclusion The man made his ....... to the cash desk to pay for his shopping, A path B direction © road —-D way Not many people keep in touch with friends they make during their college A terms B days — C times D dates When | met my old friend Harry last week | discovered that our lives had ...... very different directions. He had become an actor while | was still a teacher. A taken B left chosen D gone To Be sonny Suzie has had a lot of problems recently. I's not surprising that she did so poorly in the exam. A fair = Btue —C just —D real Jenny felt tired because she had done all the housework without 2... offer of help from anyone. A lonely B solo € alone —D single Many students find it difficult to survive financially as they have ‘any money to live on each week. A almost B hardly C quite nearly My father is one of the UK's... brain surgeons, A unique B desirable C suitable D leading My friend Sarah me to ask Alex out on a date, so | did, ‘A demanded © dared B threatened D made Ihave many wonderful memories of the time | spent in London. | Stil... visiting Buckingham Palace and other places of interest. A forget C remind B remember D reflect 229)Further Practice Sections Sentence Completion Read the sentences below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only B one word in each gap. 1. Brad is $0 lazy. «nnn he ever does is chat. 2. The student thought she would get away with cheating but her luCk .....n-t0 an end when she was caught copying the answers from the book. 3. Three men were arrested . connection with the theft. 4 Neither Emma wn... Jack spoke Arabic so it was difficult to communicate during their holiday in Jordan. 5 Plants the summer. 6 The first bionic car went sale in Sweden. 7 The aim of the game is to collect as many points . to be watered twice a week during 25 8 The man is considered to be responsible 1 series of burglaries in the small vilage of Usk. 9 A balanced diet and regular exercise play an important... in Keeping people healthy and fit 40 Saber-toothed cats are smaller... size than lions. 11 Ifyou study hard, there is a high chance ... passing. 42 She is so ambitious that she is determined to SUCCEEK, wrnnne Matter what. 43 AS nnn 8 MUSIC is concemed, I ike pop. 14 The StOrY «nnn place in Egypt. 45 The doctor said that | will have to take my medication for at .. three weeks. 16 The effects of global warming are devastating but itis. to us to help save the environment 17 Since there was no evidence forced entry the police couldn't do anything about the event. 48 Our new nanny is hard-working and patient and, above ... , she loves children. 19 All children must be accompanied an adult in order to take part in the competition. 20 His lack .... confidence is the primary reason he failed to get the job. 21 Working outis good for one’s health. What's sn.» it contributes to maintaining a fit and strong body. 22 His comments were not at all wellintentioned. the contrary, they were mean and sarcastic. 23. During our holiday in Bali we advantage Cf the good weather and went snorkelling. 24 Mumbai, formerly known .. Bombay, is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, 25 Whenever you use this product, make that you seal it tightly so that it doesn't leak, 26 .. than celebrate their wedding anniversary alone they organised a huge dinner party. 27 Mr Johnson has become established cone of the experts on genetic engineering 28 Passengers should remain seated alltimes, 230 29 30 31 32 33 a a2 43 45 48 47 48 49 51 52 55 Racing cars can reach speeds of to 350 km/h, The Minister of Education expects students with learning difficulties to benefit... the new legislation. ‘The famous musician composed the symphony Fong sn... ft became known to the public. ‘The money raised by second-hand shopping will be spent........ the care of the elderly The young woman expiained to her son that he could not take the toy as it belonged another chil. In wuss Of Being told off repeatedly, the student continued to display improper behaviour. Computer software engineers are increasingly - demand to design and test new software systems. Sue .. up with a fantastic idea. ‘A recent discovery has provided archaeologists 3 interesting information about dinosaurs. ‘There can be doubt that global warming poses a great threat to our world today. Itis incredible .. think that scientists have ‘managed to create lfe with the method of cloning, Wind power has been used a source of ‘energy for nearly 4.000 years. Jack's guard dog is so well-trained that it will catch anything might come his way. ‘The relations between the two counties .... that time were quite tense. The inexperienced driver Was InVONED smn @ serious road accident that left him disabled. All scheduled flights from Glasgow were CANCEMED nnn tO the Snowstorm. Even ... it was extremely cold, we went out. Issn. OF NOt being good at languages, | am going to attend a course in Spanish this summer. We tried really hard to finish all the work before nine o'clock, it took us until midnight. Ifyou arrive ......... the hotel before I do, please wait for me at reception. snus. the SOW, Brian still went jogging. AAs an only child | always had a room of my | phoned my parents as as | arrived in England to let them know | had arrived safely When | meet people for .. first time I find it hard to remember their names. | wasn't thinking of you - | was thinking of somebody ........ for the starring role. Throughout life you meet people ..... all kinds of characters. Vdon't KNOW ens YOU Were thinking of when you gave Ben the job.Further Practice Sections a Section B — Key word Transformation sentences 10 "1 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 19 20 Py) 22 23 24 Read the sentences below and complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Study the example (0). “Are you coming to John's party tonight?” he asked Carol whether He asked ...Carol whether she was going... to John’s party that evening. Many children do not think documentaries are interesting. interested — Many children .. Why don't you tur the television down? documentaries. the television down. sooner I a = You ought to apologise to Bill for breaking his favourite mug. better You to Bill for breaking his favourite mug, Not many students managed to complete the task on time. succeeded Very I she weren't so young, she could go on holiday alone. the task on time. enough She is . on holiday alone. Les enjoys tennis very much despite not having enough time to play. keen Les is s-nse He doesn't have enough time to play. “How about getting a professional artist to paint your portrait?” he told us. having He ern .. by a professional artist The graduation ceremony was held outside in the open air place The graduation ceremony .»» doors. don't think that Garry will accept their offer. likely Gary E ... down their offer, Philip suggested that | take up a sport. good Philip told me that it would .. : . take up a sport. It you don't ask somebody how to get there, you might get lost. way You'd better ask somebody .. . you don't get lost. He spent ages looking for an ancient artifact before he finally found it. took Rinanternc the ancient artifact that he had been looking for. John paid a lot of money to buy that car. fortune JOHN if .. that car. People believed the Earth was flat. believed The Earth flat. He was going to ask her a favour but decided not to. changed He's .. her a favour. You should have come with us to the theatre pity What .. . come with us to the theatre. They don't know that he's decided to get married ignorant They She did the shopping and she also cleaned the house for the party to get married. addition She cleaned the house for the party ...numnnnnmnnnnnnnnnnees tHE SHOPPING. wish | had saved up more money when I was younger. aside te. sno More money when | was younger. lan hasn't recovered from his illness yet so he won't be coming to school today. weather lan .. so he won't be coming to school today. Vivian never goes to her appointments late. time Vivian ... . for her appointments. Les prefers skating to cycling. rather Les ... > on OYCI®. You cannot use your credit card or a cheque to pay for goods ‘at this shop. cash Only pay for goods at this shop. 23360 61 62 63 65 67 69 70 n 72 73 4 75 76 7 78 79 Further Practice Sections ‘They had just started sleeping when the baby started crying, asleep No sooner .. .. the baby started crying He hardly ever participates in class discussions anymore. take Hardly ever in class discussions anymore Mrs Brown gave a detailed description of how those men robbed the bank. robbery Mrs Brown .. ae . detail Tom said that it was Jack who had broken his window. accused Tom his window. Has Martin decided to move yet? made Has Martin = moving yet? I'm sure it wasn’t Stella that you saw because she's stil in Belgium mistaken You . someone else because she’s still in Belgium, Taking photographs inside the museum is forbidden. allowed YOU photographs inside the museum. Patrick needs to use your computer. Is this OK with you? it WOUId YOU ese your computer? The students continued their exam after the interruption by the teacher. carried The students msn fer the interruption by the teacher Although he has been in Spain for a year, Jack can't speak a word of Spanish, spite In in Spain for a year, Jack can't speak a word of Spanish. Are you in the mood to go for a walk in the countryside? like Would sen fOF @ walk in the countryside? When | first came to England I found it difficult to drive on the left. used ‘When I first came to England, | ... driving on the left Tony went to Oxford to take a summer course in English. view Tony went to Oxtord .. — .a summer course in English. Can you take care of the baby for a while, Sandra? keep CN YOU ssn sve the Baby for a while, Sandra? The Smith family will offer their hospitality to two homeless children. put Two homeless children .. 3 . by the Smith family, When Officer Keynes isn't working, he goes to bed auite late. duty When Officer Keynes is... : in quite late, What you did was both courageous and kind, only What you did was kind. The scientists managed to complete their research even though they had very few funds. lack The scientists managed to complete their research in a funds. Don't tell any more lies or you'll land yourself in trouble, give Unless .. , you'll land yourself in trouble. The National Museum exhibits many interesting objects. display Many interesting objects ssnnnnnnnnninnnnsesnnnnnen the National Museum. She completely agreed with the decision | made. total She ... me over the decision | made. Itwas wrong of you to reveal my secret, under any circumstances. given You shouldn't : my secret, under any circumstances. The clients arrived before | reached the office. already The clients ... I reached the office. He only started writing because his wife kept encouraging him to do so. taken Had it not been for his wife's encouragement he or... so. writing Even though his book is funny, few people will buy it. be Funny though his book .. sven Sell WAL We didn't go to the cinema because Helen came home later than she had said she would time WHOIEN non 2 : . we would have gone to the cinema, You should try to be friends again with Jack, up You should try : Jack, John wanted to know how much she had paid for her new fur coat. cost John Wanted 10 sonrrns ssn her new fur coat. 235)Further Practice Sections fil a1 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 103 104 105 106 107 108 236 “il lend you my car if you promise to be back by ten,” she said. long She said she'd lend me her car “What do people think about this doctor?” she asked. reputation “What kind of . How long do you think this piece of cloth is? of What is “How about going for a walk tonight?” said Mary to her children. suggested Mary . The earthquake destroyed lots of buildings. to be back by ten. sn?” she asked. .« Of cloth, do you think? for a walk that night result Lots of buildings were .... the earthquake. | can't tell you what the hotel is lke, as I haven't been there yet. having {can't tell you what the hotel is like... yet. Only eco-friendly materials were used to build this house, using This house... only eco-friendly materials. ‘Apart trom Jack, nobody missed my party one Jack was . miss my party. The airline has cancelled the fight once more. off The aitin€ son . the flight once more. The detective hadn't been successful in his effort to trace the kil. no The detective ees Sally once worked for a multinational law firm. job Sally used with a multinational law firm. Unfortunately, lollipop ladies are rarely seen outside primary schools in Athens. rare Unfortunately, _.. lollipop ladies outside primary schools in Athens. They went to the protest to distribute leaflets against the government policy. given The leaflets against the government policy You can get second-hand clothes at the flea market for next to nothing. costs. It. second-hand clothes at the flea market. Could you give me your opinion on the new outfit | got? know Could you think about the new outfit | got? Jane's mum stopped her trom going to schoo! until she had eaten her breakfast let Jane's mum to school without eating her breakfast first. Mr Collins is sure that his secretary will help him finish the project. in his effort to trace the killer. .. at the protest. rely Mr Collins thinks he can help him finish the project You shouldn't bother cooking dinner today as I've arranged for Us to eat out. point There. .. dinner today as I've arranged for us to eat out. Aristotle Onasis established Olympic Airlines. set Olympic Airines «1m Aristotle Onasis, The number of people who eat genetically modified food has risen. rise There .m the number of people who eat genetically modified food. | knew that I had to hand in my project by the end of the month. necessary —_| knew that ... ns 10 hand in my project by the end of the month. "What's the height ofthe Eiffel Tower?" the teacher asked, high The teacher wanted «1.0.0 Mum said we had run out of milk and couldn't make pancakes. left ‘Mum said there .. . I wish | had told her the truth. the Eiffel Tower is. . to make pancakes. regret Ve : the truth. Jack didn't know why she decided to leave the country. made Jack didn't know leave the country. | missed the party because there was a lot of trafic. turned If there hadn't been a lot of traffic, | . . at the party Although the problem was difficult, he managed to solve it. came ‘Although the problem was difficult, he. toit My doctor thinks i's allright that | eat chocolate once in a while. wrong My doctor thinks prstaatan my eating chocolate once in a while,109 110 1 112 113, 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 Further Practice Sections Mil Everyone believes that Sue will win the competition. expected = Sue. ... the competition. This washing machine is the best one that we could have chosen made We couldn't... .. than this washing machine. He failed the exam because he hadn't studied. have He . the exam if he had studied. My grandma was fity-five when she decided to take up music professionally. become My grandma didn't... : she was fifty-five Nobody sald aryiing forthe rt tw momenss aftr the earthquake, before twas a few moments .» after the earthquake. I didn’t know anything about the new deal. unaware |. Leslie was not close enough for me to hear what she was saying. away Leslie was ... z | show no talent for music. good lam She hasn't heard from her brother since he moved to Australia news She's ‘Adam can't have been telling the truth about his school report. must Adam .. ‘You must fil n this application form before you go in for the interview. required You this application form before you go in for the interview. The heavy rain made it impossible for us to do our shopping. prevented = We... On arriving at the airport, | realised | had lost my ticket. the new deal .. for me to hear what she was saying. .. music, her brother since he moved to Australia. . about his school report. ‘our shopping by the heavy rain. ‘soon realised | had lost my ticket .. at the airport, I hadn't eaten Chinese food in over five years. more twas .. had eaten Chinese food. Jane found it difficult to control her bike down the slippery slope, under Jane found it difficult to down the slippery slope. ‘Such wealth has not been achieved by many people ‘around the world few ‘Only . such wealth around the world. The suitcase was so heavy that | couldn't iti such It. a You should have called them earlier. been It No one was able to explain how the fire started, that | couldn't lift it. you had called them earlier. not The cause of cat explained by anyone. Diana didn't try to help us. made Diana .. to help us. How about going to the cinema to see the new Brad Pitt fim? we Why 1» t0 the cinema to see the new Brad Pitt film? Hurry up, the performance wil be starting in a moment. about Hurry up, the performance .. start They decided to postpone the wedding because the bride was il, bride's Because That's the restaurant where we dined last night. , they decided to postpone the wedding. in That's the restaurant .» dinner last night. Itis believed that the story is true. to The story .. true. | don't like Fiona because she's so moody. why Fiona’s MOOdiNeSS «I don't like her. Last week Carla borrowed a CD from me and now she's lost it. 1 Carla's lost .- last week 237Further Practice Sections Ti Section C — Word Formation ived from the words in bold. 4 The minimum ...requirement... to enter the competition is to have one year of cooking experience. 2 The book was a great... 3. He is an extremely talented dancer and moves very ... when he is on stage. 4 She gets great from helping students with learning difficulties. 5 This yoga class is for advanced members only and is not recommended for . 6 We spent our holidays in a sa tl village situated a few miles outside Lion. 7 We enjoyed the fantastic ‘as we drove along the west coast of the country. 8 9 10 in the correct word and sold millions of copies throughout the world .. and gracefully twas a horrible accident but they were lucky to escape with only a few ‘The footballer has a leg and will miss the rest of the football season. He offen suffers from backaches and has been advised to . his back muscles in order to lessen the pain. 11 People who worry about their 12 Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was the . of the thermometer. 13. You are much taller this summer. What is your .. now? ‘ought to be very careful when riding on roads with heavy traffic 18 Mrs Mac Kenneth is . vw the person who makes all the important decisions, in the company. 16 Our offices af 6. nsssnenne lOGated 80 there is No need for you to take the train. ‘are more likely to develop an eating disorder. 17. Youare not allowed to park your car in this area as itis reserved for . only 18 The planet Mars because it is too cold for humans. 19. He missed his fight so he had no . but to take the next plane. 20 Jane's friends have offered to help with the fin for Jane's birthday party. 21. Their house has been ON rm be interested in buying it 22 The country is going through one of the ..... . periods in its recent 23 There is no . evidence to prove that there is life on other planets. . most children her age, Mel doesn't make a fuss about going to the doctor's. 25. The old man was reading his book while his wife was knitting by the fireplace, enjoying the . of the fire 26 According to scientists, in the next 100 years many to sea level rise. 27. Adiet high in vitamins and protein is extremely important for healthy in children, 28 We were informed that late .. would not be admitted to the theatre. 29 The level of air pollution is extremely AGH IN nnn areas. 30. The current economic and technological "has created new job opportunities. 31 Democracy can only exist where there iS... :.. Of speech. 32. Parents ought to be cautious about certain TV programmes as some are... for children 33 I don't consider this type of esting to be a. way of messrng stents mproverent. 34. One thing that realy annoys me about Fred isthe fact that he always calls at times. 35 Although salaries have remained . a significant increase in the cost of living, 36 The machine is... ‘easy to use and saves you a considerable amount of time. 37. The fimwas a huge.............. SUECESS and eamed the leading actor the Best Actor Award. 38 The job vacancy applies only to native ..... .of German. 39. James is an extremely sociable person and makes friends very 40. The children had mixed... of excitement and fear as they were boarding on the plane for the first time. . for nearly a year now but nobody seems to .. areas will flood due for the last few years, there has been 208Further Practice Sections B The _-1se« Of paper allowed knowledge to be broadly spread throughout the world. The police have been searching for the. Several . of them were satisfactory. . Child for nearly a month now without any luck. have been offered as to how the monument was buil 41 She showed unbelievable emotional se during that hard period in her life, 42. Frank has just found a job as a . at Harper College. 43. He needs to be examined by a cardiac .. ‘who will prescribe the appropriate medication. 44 The article offered some .. ..tips about how to organise a successful presentation, 45 46 a7 but none 48 The woman was asked to put her sw 09 the application form. 49. During his . .. the scientist discovered some very interesting facts about the origins of the Solar System, 50 The plane landed at 4.45. 0 a8 scheduled. 51 In recent years, many significant have been made about the way the human brain works. 52 The old man was..... in great pain and had to be taken to hospital 53 Apart from getting the flu occasionally, the children have never had any serious . 54 The vast... of people nowadays have a mobile phone. 55. Itis very important that... get plenty of sleep as their bodies grow rapidly. 56 All future should be addressed to our new office at: 21 Hill Street, London WC2, 7HE: 87 They really should this road. It's far too narrow. 58 The... of the factory meant that many people became unemployed. 59 Ihave every .. ‘of staying on at school and getting the best possible education 60 when his team scored another goal 61 ..to the meeting and explained that she had been Harry cheered Sarah apologised for her stuck in traffic. 62 Trying to find a . to even the simplest of problems can sometimes be dificult. 63. Some words can often help you feel better when you are upset. 64 Many people suffer from when they move to a new place because they don't have any friends nearby. 65. You have to be good at writing if you want to be a . 66 The best... .. lever made was to go to university. 67 68 69 ‘The teacher said she was worried about John’s My dad received a letter today .. John studied hard in order to gain his fathers. 70 One of my favourite cities is Vienna 71 Allofthe people we interviewed are for the job. We will need to keep looking. 72 We refused my mother’s help because we wanted t0 do It... , 73 The government promised to take .. sew t0 deal with the housing crisis. 74 Ben frowned in...... . because he didn't understand the teacher's explanation. 75 While on holiday in Australia my friend Dave went swimming with sharks but luckily escaped 76 | am not speaking to Sam at the moment because we had a... 77 tis best not to take . .. 0 school. I you have to, store them in your locker where they will be safe. 78 Alocal... .. YOU must try when you are in the Canary Islands is grilled swordfish. to take a small gift for your host when you visit someone in their home. . in the education of children with learning difficulties. evening on board my friend's yacht. . to concentrate in class. Grandpa's wil 81 I spent an ‘The accident left Peter severely 82 83 People get of my nerves They take forever to make a decision! 84 My sister is. at Maths than | am. 85 There isa. for people to get ill more often in the winter months. 86 Our visit to the Science Museum was highly .. -" 29)Appendix - Present, Past & Future Forms Present Forms Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perf. Continuous ‘itrmative Afirmative affirmative Aifirmative \ cook 1am cooking Ihave cooked | have been cooking You cook You are cooking You have cooked ‘You have been cooking He cooks ete He is cooking ete He has cooked etc Ho has been cooking ete Negative Negative Negative Negative | don't cook tim not cooking I haven't cooked \ haven't been cooking You don't cook You aren't cooking ‘You haven't cooked You haven't been cooking He doesn't cook ete He isnt cooking ete Hehasn't cooked etc He hasnt bean cooking ete interrogative Tnterrogatve Tnterrogative Interrogative Do | cook? ‘Am | cooking? Have | cooked? Have | been cooking? Do you cook? Are you cooking? Have you cooked? Have you been cooking? Does he cook? ete Is he cooking? etc Has he cooked? ete Has he been cooking? ete permanent situations temporary situations recently completed actions started in the past or states Ho Ives in She i staying with Pam actions and continuing up to the ‘a mansion atthe moment ‘She has cooked dinner. present. Ho has been permanent truths or changing or developing (The action is complete, digging in the garden for an laws of nature situations Dinner is now cooked.- hour. (He started an hour Water bolls at 100°C. He is getting fatter and ater. evidence in the presen!) ago and he's stil cigcing) repeatedihabitual {requently repeated actions complete past actions past actions of certain actions (especially with with always, constantly, Connected tothe present duration having visible frequency adverbs: continually expressing with stated or unstated reaults or effects in the often, usually, annoyance or ertiism time reference present always etc) He is aways He's always biting his nals. He has bought a house. He has been walking nthe on time. (Here ‘always! means (Nowne has a house) rain. That's why he's wet. (Here ‘always’ means constantly) He has just entered every day.) (stated time reterence) reviewsispors actions happening at or personal experiences) to express anger, iitation, commentaries! around the moment of Changes which have annoyance, explanation or dramatic narrative speaking happened critctam Ford acts brillant in The police are investigating Sha has grown her har Someone has been sleeping ths fm the case ofthe murder tong recent. in my bed. (annoyance) timotables/programmes fixed arrangements in femphasis on number Present Per. Continuous is (future meaning) the near future Hehas checked three normally used with for, since The match starts at 6.00. I'm seeing Greg on Monday. hotel this week. oF how long to put emphasis in exclamatory sentences ‘Se has been tothe shop on duration She has been Hore comes George! twice this moming working since 8 o'clock Time expressions usually used with Present Forms Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect & Present Perfect Continuous very day/weekimonth/ Tow, atthe moment, at | just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & questions), year, usually, sometimes, | present, nowadays, still (negations), always, how long, 80 far, recently, always, rarely, never, today, tonight, always, since (= from a starting point inthe past), for (= over a often, inthe morning/ stil, et period of ime), today, this week/month evening/atternoon, For and since are usually used with Present Perfect at night, on Mondays, ete Continuous to emphasise the duration of an action. Stil goes before the verb and yet after it 240