NATO_UNCLASSTFIED NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION ORGANI SATION DU TRAITE DE L' ATLANTIQUE NORD MILITARY AGENCY FOR STANDARDIZATION (MAS) BUREAU MILITAIRE DE STANDARDISATION (BMS) 1110 BRUSSELS MAS/048-MMS /2895 T5 February 1990 To : See MAS Distribution List Wo. 2 Subject + STANAG 2895 MMS (EDITION 1) - EXTREME CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND DERTVED CONDITIONS FOR USE {W DEFINING DESIGN/TusT CRITERIA FoR NATO FORCES MATERIEL Reference : AC/310-D/62 dated 31 March 1987 (Edition 1)(1st Draft) Bnclosute : STANAG 2895 (Bditton 1) 1, The enclosed NATO Standardization Agreement which has been ratified by nations as reflected in page iit is promulgated herewith, 2. ‘The reference listed above is to be destroyed in accordance with local document destruction procedures. AAP=4 should be amended to reflect the latest status of the STANAG. ACTON 1 4. National staffs are requested to examine page fff of the STANAG and if they jhave not already done 0, to advise the Defence Support Division, 1S, through their national delegation as appropriate of their intention regarding its ratification and tmplenentatton. A.J. MELO CORREIA Major-General, POAF Chairman, MAS oie NATO_UNCLASST! 241 av ST28954STANAG 2895 (Edition 1) NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO) Aw WY MILITARY AGENCY FOR STANDARDIZATION (MAS) STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT SUBJECT: EXTREME CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND DERIVED CONDITIONS FOR USE IN DEFINING DESIGN/TEST CRITERIA FOR NATO FORCES MATERIEL Promulgated on 15 February 1990 i +J-MELO CORRETA Major-General, POAF Chairman, MAS NATO UNCLASSIFIED @NATO UNCLASSIFIED STANAG 2895 ii (Edition 1) KECORD OP AMENDMENTS Rererence/date 0} Date No. | arendnent I entered | Signature i Jeccce|eceneeee an |onennenne n= dm tft I Facey 200% | \ t 1 1 | 1 1 1 ' | i. 1 ! | ' 1 | 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 EXPLANATORY NOTES. AGREEMENT 1. This NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 1s promulgated by the Chairman MAS under the authority vested in him by the NATO Military Commite te 2. No departure may be made from the agreement without consultation with the tasking authority. Nations may propose changes at any tine to the tasking authority where they will be processed in the sare manner as the original agreement. . 3. Ratifying nations have agreed that national orders, manuals and ins- Tructions dmplesenting this STANAG will include a reference to the STANAG number for purposes of identification. DEFINITIONS 4k, Ratification {8 "The declaration by which @ nation formally socepte the content of this Standardization Agreement”. 5. Implenentation is "The fulfilment by @ nation of its obligations under this Standardization Agreement". 6. Reservation is "The stated qualification by a nation which describes thet part of this Standardization Agreement which it eannot implement or can implement only with liaitations™. RATIFICATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND RESERVATIONS 7. Page S44 gives the detetts of ratification and implementation of this agreenent. If no details are shown it signifies thet the nation has not Yet notified the tasking authority of {ts intentions. Page iv (and sub= Bequent) gives details of reservations and proprietary rights that been stated. as NATO_UNCLASSIPIEDNATO UNCLASSIFIED Agreed English/French Texts STANAG 2895 (Edition 1) NAVY /ARMY/AIR NATO STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT ‘STANAG. EXTREME CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND DERIVED CONDITIONS FOR USE_IN DEFINING DESIGN/TEST CRITERIA FOR NATO FORCES MATERIEL Annexes: A. Climatic Categories and their Geographical Location. B. World-wide. Ambient Air Tomperature and Humidity Conditions and Levele of Direct Solar Radiation (with 14 Appendices). C. Additional Climatic Environmental Factors to be Taken into Account when Considering Materiel Intended for Use by NATO Forces. D. Guidance for Drafting the Climatic Environmental Clauses in Requirenents Documents. £. Data Sources (for information). Related Documents: = STANAG 28058: Minimum fordability requirements for tactical vehicles and guns, and minimum immersion requirements for combat equipment normally installed or carried in open vehicles or trailers. = STANAG 4044: Adoption of a standard atmosphere. = STANAG 4194: Standardized wave and wind environments and shipboard reporting of sea conditions. The Aims of this Agreement are: a, To describe the principal climatic factors which constitute the distinctive climatic environments found throughout the world, excluding Antarctica. b. To identify each of these distinctive climatic environments in terms of categories of temperature and humidity conditions and to state in which areas of the world each category occurs. ¢. To establish standard descriptions of ambient air temperature, humidity and direct solar radiation for each of these categories in terns of diurnal and annual variations. 4, To recomend in particular, diurnal cycles of temperature, humidity and direct solar radiation for use in determining design criteria. e. To identify the other climatic factors which are significant in each climatic category. £. To recommend the intensities of these other climatic factors which should be considered when evaluating the total effect of climate upon the materiel. NATO UNCLASSiPTIED -1-NATO UNCLASSIFIED STANAG 2695 ei £. To state how the values of the climatic factors vary vith altitude hh, To quote the most intense values ev: _70 jer reliebly rec climatic factor, Peete j. To provide guidance on the dra: clauses of requirements documents. fting of the climatic environmental 2. This Agreement dos does it discus upon materiel. AGREEMENT not prescribe tests or trials echedul all the possible effects’ of adverse cl + nor tic conditions 3. Participating nations sgree: @. That the terminology defined in this Agreement and the climatic categories which represent the various distinctive forms of climate specified therein shall, where possible, be used in the preparation of national documents which establish user requirements. b. That the data provided should be used, in the absence of accepted measured materiel response data, as a basis for determining environmental design criteria and for defining the appropriate test conditions for materiel intended for use by the NATO forces. ¢. That the NATO forces consider this STANAG as a basi: 's for continuing 4 vorking relationship on cl: tic and related environmental matters. DEFINITIONS 4. The following terms, definitions and amplifications are used for the purpose of this STANAG: a. Climatic Category. A climatic category is a classification of world climate in teras of @ set of temperature and humidity conditions. b. Materiel, Materiel is the generic term for all equipment, stores, packaging and supplies used by the NATO forces. €. Meteorological Temperature, The meteorological temperature is the ambient air temperature measured under standard conditions of ventilation and radiation shielding in a meteorological screen at 2 height of 1.2 to 2.0 m above the ground. 4. Storage and Transit Conditions. The storage and transit conditions ace the air temperature and humidity measured inside a teaporary uavent- ilated field shelter, for example, under tarpaulin covers or in a railway boxcar, which is exposed to direct solar radiation. ‘The temper- ature of materiel with large thermal capacities way be much lover or higher than the storage air temperature stated and may have little diurnal variation. Temperature for such eateriel can be derived by using data from previous similar storage conditions, through actual or simulated exposure to the appropriate diurnal cycle or through the development and use of suitable mathematical models. Where gore severe conditions than those quoted are known to occur these should be specified. ATO UNCLASSIFIED 2+NATO UNCLASSIFIED -3- STANAG 2895 Solar Radiation. Solar radiation is the infra-red, visible and vitra-violet radiation from the sun. The spectral energy distribution of soler radiation at mid-day at cea level when the oun is directly overhead is given in Table 1. TABLE 1 Spectral Energy Distribution of Solar Radiation at Sea Level Spectral region Ultra-violet Vieible Infra-red 5) (b) (e) “@ Waveband (un) 0.26-0.32 | 0.32-0.40 | 0.40-0.52 | 0.52-0.64 | 0.64-0.78 [ rs. Irradiance (W/n”)| 5 63 200 186 174 | 492 Note: The values of demarcation between the ultra-violet, visible and infra-red quoted in some reference documents differ slightly from those in the above table. £. Effects of Solar Radiation. The two main effects of solar rad are (i) heat and (ii) degradation of polymeric materials. The thermal response of materiel to this radiation will depend to an appreciable extent upon its heat capacity and surface finish but typically a rise of 20 K can result at its surface under clear,skies on days when the direct solar radi- ation attains or exceeds 1000 W/m. For more precise values in individual instances, field trials or accurate simulation become essential. If direct estimation of temperature is not possible, the appropriate values of storage reuveracure (pare 4d) should be used. For materiel directly exposed to solar radiation or to high evels of reflected radiation, the degradative effect of the ultra-violet component on plastics, rubbers, paints etc, must also be considered. Only natural effects are considered here; induced effects, for exanple aerodynamic heating, are not included. GENERAL, _ 5s min Agreenene is intended primarily as! a reference document on regionalised world climate for use when: 4, Compiling the climatic environmental clauses of requirements documents for materiel intended for use by the NATO forces. b, Evaluating the climatic environmental response, through analyses, nf existing materiel when being considered for use by the NATO forces. NATO UNCLASSTFIEDNATO UNCLASSIFIED STANAG 2895 - 4 (B+. This Agreement publishes information on the principal climatic factors which comprise world climate in a probability of occurrence form euited to the needs of the NATO forces. Earlier documents such as STANAG 2805 and 2831, compiled to fulfil the same role, related only to the land surface and concentrated exclusively on giving extreme values and those near extrene values recommended a2 design criteria for materiel intended for use by the NATO forces. For hot categories near-extreme temperature values are defined as those temperatures d or exceeded at the hotter locations in the category, on average, for a total time of 1 per cent of one month during the hottest period of the year. Values in cold categories are defined similarly. 7s, These defined values were considered to be an acceptable comprouise between cost and difficulties of development of materiel on the one hand and on the other, the ability to be stored and operated in all but the most hostile climatic conditions in the regions of deployment. 8. The absence of data in these earlier documents on the probabilities of occurrence of other temperature and hunidity levels in effect constrained usere and designers to adopt the levels given, irrespective of their approp~ Tiateness for a particular set of circusistances and conditions. By including details of annual cycles in this STANAG, this shortcoming has been overcome ‘and, for equipment where lower confidence levels are acceptable, cycles may be derived using for example a5 or 10 per cent criterion rather than the 1 \per cent criterion defined in para above. DETAILS OF THE AGREEMENT 9. This Agreement is intended as @ guidance document primarily for use vhen preparing the climatic clauses and other test conditions in requirements docu mente of materiel intended for use by the NATO forces. 10. It may also be used to facilitate the evaluation of the likely response of fan item of materiel vhen subjected to climatic conditions different from those for which it was designed. LL. The requirements documents should state in which regions of the world and for what length of time a particular item of materiel will be operated, stored, and transported during its planned service life. These regions should be ident- {fied in the requirements documents in teras of one or more of the fourteen distinctive climatic categories of which eleven refer to the land surfaces of the world and three to the sea surface: 12. The principal locations of the land surface categories in this Agreeent are shown on the world wap (Fig. iA, 15 and 1C) in Annex A, and are shown at Annex B. 13. The séa Surface ‘categories’ are associated: loosely with tropical, temperate and arctic waters but no zones of demarcation are shown as it is considered that ships could enter all waters during service. 1H. ‘The temperature and accompanying humidity conditions which occur through- out the whole year in each of the climatic categories are presented at Annex B in the form of the number of days of the year on which, on average, a specific temperature is just attained or exceeded. In addition, the total period that specific temperature is exceeded during the whole year is also given. NATO UNCLASSIFIEDNATO UNCLASSIFIED sore: STANAG 2895 15. For any particular item of materiel, the requirements documents should state, for design purposes, acceptable probabilities of occurrence of temperature and humidity. Using the appropriate figures in Annex B, these probabilities of occurrence can be interpreted in terms of temperature and humidity levels for the climatic categories in which it is intended to operate and/or store the item. 16. For materiel located on. the land surfaces, the requirements documents should specify a set of conditions from the high temperature categories (A1, A2 or A3),the low temperature categories (CO, C1,C2, C3 or C4) and one or more sets from those categories where high hunidity is the principal consideration (31, B2, or B3). For packaged or unpackaged stores liable to be exposed directly or indirectly to solar radiation, it is appropriate to use the ‘storage and transit! temperature cycles for the categories concerned. 17. Although the B categories have been specifically associated only with regions recognised as wet for at least a substantial portion of an average year, the conditions they represent can occur occasionally for a relatively short period, in regions normally characterised by their dryness such as deserts. Thus an appropriate high humidity diurnal cycle should be selected or specified even when it is known that the materiel will not enter any of the regions defined for the B categories. 18. Exceptionally, only one other category besides the B need be selected if the materiel is intended for use solely in a high or low temperature category. 19. For materiel exposed at the sea surfaces, the requirements documents should normally specify the high temperature category M1, the intermediate category M2, and the low temperature category M3, on the basis that, in general, ships enter tropical, temperate and arctic waters during service. 20. For certain materials, temperature cycling through a phase transition, Such as the freezing of water, aay be more severe than cycling at the temper~ ature extremes. This should be considered and, where necessary, appropriate temperature cycles specified, based if possible on conditions for the climatic categories given in the Appendices. 21. Temperature moderating factors are given for ground elevations substant- fally above sea level (Table 3). 22. For explosives, propellants ané pyrotechnics, it is recomended that teaperature and humidity levels should be based on a probability of being exceeded for 1 per cent of one month in the worst period of the year (normally 3 to 4 times a year). The diurnal cycles defined by this recommendation are included For each category in the respective Appendix of Annex B. The above criterion ie applicable for much materiel but, in other circumstances, for instance, vhere a temperature-induced equipnent defect will not present a hazard of cause @ major system malfunction, the risk situations should be assessed so that temperatures derived from related percentage values repre~ senting the optinun compromise can be adopted. Upper or lower values of temperature and humidity for such criteria may be obtained from the prob- ability plots in the Appendices of Annex B Care should be exercised when criteria beyond 10 per cent risk (ie based upon a probability of being exceeded for 10 per cent of one month in the worst period of the year) are being considered (see also page A-1, para 4). These figures are then used as limit values for diurnal cycles having the same amplitude as the corresponding ones in Tables 7 - 20. wATO UNELANATO UNCLASSIFIED STANAG 2895 -6- 23. Values of temperature and humidity at altitude are given in terms of the highest, lowest and the 1 per cent high and low values. The 1 per cent values are recommended for determining design criteria for materiel, part- icularly explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics but, as above, less severe criteria may be applicable in certain cases. Only natural effects are given induced effects, for example aerodynamic heating, are not considered. 2%. In addition to temperature and humidity, the various other climatic factors associated with each category can be identified from Table 21 of Annex C. These factors should be stated in the requireuents documents and taken into account when specifying the total climatic environment. The intensity levels of these other climatic factors which should be considered when designing materiel including explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics, intended for use by the NATO forces, are given in the respective clauses of Annex C. 25. When preparing the requirements documents, it should be noted that when the temperatures in the regions covered by the Al, A2, A3, MI and M2 categ- ories are in the vicinity of their maxima, the other climatic factors, apart from direct solar radiation and atmospheric pressure, are ualikely to approach their levels of maximum intensity. This applies in particular to those levels recomended for explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics. 26. It is unlikely that the temperature and humidity conditions encountered in any given year during field trials at a particular location will be the same as those defined for the climatic categories of that location. 27. Guidance on the drafting of the climatic environmental clauses of requirements documents is given at Annex D. IMPLEMENTATION QF THE AGREEMENT 26, This STANAG is implemented when a nation has issued the necessary orders/instructions to the forces concerned putting the procedures detailed in this Agreement into effect. UNCLASSIFIED ~6-