» i CHAPTER 1 ONTATLND Gop UMN HAVIOR 7" Lety denote hE NOE HUMVEE shear ISH DO caleulated and ‘ ton oor number abowe Moony, ‘ ‘ . het sway feo aty = Qa) A Vata b , ) Wh Ava ty | tan Wh The sway forwes are added to the i Ae lateral toads at each floor level anh tna structure is reanalyzed giving new lateral Fig. 14.42, Equivatent Horizontal $i deflections and larger column moments on Multi-story rae a Ifthe deflections increase by more the structure is again analyzed for forces. ‘This process is continued until convergence is obtained, There is ome correction t0 the above procedure that is usually applied. The P-A moment diagram for a given column has the same shape as the corresponding clase curve, while the moment diagram due to applied horizontal loads is a straight line. As eresalt, the area of the real P-A moment diagram is larger than that of the straight-line diagram. ‘The increase in deflections varies ftom zero for a very stiff column with very fexible restraining beams to 22% for a column that is fully fixed against rotation at cach end. A reasonable average value is about 15%. Hence, the shears to be applied in the above process are multiplied with a flexibility factor of 1.15. 14.14.18 Procedure For Design Of Slender Columns Step 1: Perform first order frame analysis for gravity loads and lateral loads separately using reduced element stiffness, as defined in ACI 10.11.1. £ + ee 7 2: Combine the results for various critical load patterns and combinations. Find a the factored loads and moments in the columns. Further, evaluate the lateral story drifts. boomd S58: o 2 Step 3: ‘to carry the factored axial load Py and larger end _ x Anak or Step 4: length factor k using the Scanned with CamScannerae AUTHOR: ZAHID A. SIDDIQL 2 CONCRETE STRUCTURES PARTI -12 (MAM) or Rea 40. ‘Step 6: ‘Step 7: No-Sway Columns: 6/7 = 34 fmeans that the column is slender. ‘und to be important, refine the calculation of k ural rigidity of 0.70Ee/, for the columns and Ifthe slenderness is tentatively f0 the beams may be used in based on the alignment charts, Flex O85 Bu, (0.70 El for web portion in T-beams) for place of more accurate cracked transformed sections. Check to see if the column is braced or unbraced. The following criteria may be used for the classification: Direct bracing may be observed visually. * 1fQ < 0.05, a story is non-sway. * IFA, > &/ 1500, the sway is appreciable (not an ACI Code provision). If the column is short, leave the intermediate steps and directly 5 e go to step-15. Similarly, if the column is nonsway, leave steps 9 and 10 and go to step~11. If the column is ificati 4 is out of a sway story, compute sway magnification factor, 6, as = 1 e S emiiSaen Se Q > 005 If G calculated Z ie er Ree SBE, A erttr Se [3,y Rn vm ng te 210 Scanned with CamScannerCHAPTER 14: DETAILED COLUMN BEHAVIOR 73, If Mazin > Ma, either Cy = 1 or the calculation for Cy should be based on the computed end moments, MM and M3. Calculate the design moment as follows: Me = by Mz Check the adequacy of the column to resist axial load P, and magnified moment M, using the procedure for a short column. Revise the column section and reinforcement, if necessary. Step 16: Check the total magnification in the value of the moment M. If it is greater than 1.4, the column is not structurally stable. Step 15: Example 14.7: Design a rectangular tied column that is subjected to uniaxial bending in a wind load combination with ratio of its two sides close to 1.4. The center-to-center height (f.) is 6.0 m, clear height (¢,) is 5.5 m and the column is not braced against side-sway. f’ = 20 MPa, f, = 300 MPa, and assume y= 0.75. The longitudinal steel centroid is located at 65mm from the outer edge. The analysis results are as under: Dead load axial compressi 1200 KN Dead load moments M2, Mi: 100, 80 kN-m Dead load type of curvature: Single ~ Live load axial compression: 800 kN Live load moments Mo, Mi: 50, 45 KN-m Live load type of curvature: Single ~ Wind load axial compression: 200 KN Wind load moments Mz,Mi: (60, 55 kN-m Scanned with CamScanner