North Maharashtra University

Shri Gulabrao Deokar College of Engg.,

Jalgaon
Subject code 308 – Field Work Report
On
“TABACCO SMOKING IN INDIA”

Prepared by
Mr. Pramod Arun Bhope
Under Guidance of
Prof.
In partial fulfillment of
Master of Business Management
Second year (3rd SEM)
2016-2017

1|Page
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this Field work report entitled is the

result of my own research work & the same has not been
previously submitted by to any examination of this university
prior to me.

Place:-

Date:-

Mr. Pramod Arun Bhope

 DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
CERTIFICATE
This to certify Mr.Pramod Arun Bhope has submitted their field report on
the “TOBACCO SMOKING IN INDIA” Gulabrao Deokar College of Engg.
Jalgaon.
The purpose this work is for partial fulfillment of Master in Business
Administration Degree of North Maharashtra University Jalgaon for Academic
Year 2016-2017.

Place:-Jalgaon
Date

Prof.Monali Neve Prof.Monali Neve

Guide Name H.O.D.
S.G.D.C.O.E.Jalgaon

Examiner Dr.A.J.Patil
Principle
S.G.D.C.O.E.Jalgaon
 ACKNOWLEDGE

This work is the result of combine efforts made by different people,

without whose help and co-operation it would have been impossible
for me to mold this work in the present form. I feel immense pleasure
in expressing my sincere, humble & deepest sense of gravitate to all
of them.

I sincerely thank my guide Prof. & Principal of SGDCOE

Dr. A.J. Patil, for their unfailing & valuable guidance from time to
time.

I shall be falling in my duty, if I do not express my sincere thanks to

my friends for their help.

Place:-
Date:-

Mr. Pramod Arun Bhope

 INDEX
SR.
Contents Page No.

1 Abstract 5

2 Objectives & Hypothesis 6

3 Introduction 7

4 Literature Review 13

5 Research Methodology 21

6 Limitation 23

7 Data Analysis & hypothetical Testing 24

8 Conclusion 31

9 Appendix 32
 TOBACCO SMOKING IN INDIA
ABSTRACT

Smoking in India has been known since at least 2000 BC when cannabis was smoked and is
first mentioned in the Atharvaveda, which dates back a few hundred years BC. Fumigation
(dhupa) and fire offerings (homa) are prescribed in the Ayurveda for medical purposes and have
been practiced for at least 3,000 years while smoking, dhumapana (literally "drinking smoke"),
has been practiced for at least 2,000 years. Tobacco was introduced to India in the 17th century.
It later merged with existing practices of smoking (mostly of cannabis).

Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of premature death and disease, currently leading to
over five million deaths each year worldwide which is expected to rise to over eight million
deaths yearly by 2030.The vast majority of these deaths are projected to occur in developing
countries. Nearly 8–9 lakh people die every year in India due to diseases related to tobacco use.

This study includes general people (male) of India. But study is limited to Jalgaon city only.
Sample size for this study was 50 respondents. Primary data was collected by using closed end
questionnaire. This Questionnaire consists of two sections, Section A and Section B. Section A,
included the Demographic profile of the male respondent, which includes age, and occupation of
the respondents. Section B, include various questions related with smoking to know respondents
views and their experiences if any. Hypothesis testing is also done using chi- square test.

Key words: Increase ratio, types of tobacco, worst results, Cancers, Indian govt.
 OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS

Objectives

1) To study the ratio of consumption of smoking tobacco and smokeless tobacco among
males.

2) To study factors influencing smoking in men.

3) To study its effect on their health.

Hypotheses

H0: The ratio of consumption of smoking tobacco is more compared to smokeless tobacco.

H1: The ratio of consumption of smoking tobacco is less compared to smokeless tobacco.
 INTRODUCTION

Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of premature death and disease, currently leading to
over five million deaths each year worldwide which is expected to rise to over eight million
deaths yearly by 2030.The vast majority of these deaths are projected to occur in developing
countries. Nearly 8–9 lakh people die every year in India due to diseases related to tobacco use.

Majority of the cardiovascular diseases, cancers and chronic lung diseases are directly attribute
able to tobacco consumption. Almost 40 percent of tuberculosis deaths in the country are
associated with smoking.

Globally, cigarette smoking is the dominant form of tobacco use. In the Indian context, tobacco
use implies a varied range of chewing and smoking forms of tobacco available at different price
points, reflecting the varying socio-economic and demographic patterns of consumption.

Tobacco is consumed in a variety of, both smoking and smokeless forms, e.g. bidi,
gutkha, khaini , paan masala, hookah, cigarettes, cigars, chillum, chutta, gul, mawa, misri,etc.
Tobacco is also a part of the socio-cultural milieuin various societies, especially in the
Eastern,Northern, and North-Eastern parts of the country.

India is the second largest consumer of tobacco products and third largest producer of tobacco in
the world. In order to facilitate the implementation of the tobacco control laws, bring about
greater awareness regarding harmful effects of tobacco and fulfill obligation(s) under the WHO
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the Government of India launched
the National Tobacco Control
Programme (NTCP) in the country. The Adult Tobacco Survey (ATS) is an important
component of the country’s comprehensive tobacco control programme and reflects an efficient
and systematic surveillance mechanism to monitor the tobacco epidemic through collection of
baseline data and study of key tobacco control indicators.
The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is one of the components of the Global Tobacco
Surveillance System (GTSS).

GATS is a standardized household survey that enables countries to collect data on key
tobacco control indicators and assist countries in the formulation, tracking and implementation of
effective tobacco control interventions and international comparisons as laid out in the
MPOWER policy package of WHO.

The World Health Organization aims to reduce the global burden of disease and
death caused by tobacco, thereby protecting present and future generations from the devastating
health, social, environmental and economic consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure
to tobacco smoke. This is accomplished by providing global policy leadership through promoting
the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) and the MPOWER
package.

The Framework Convention mandates Member States to progressively enforce its provisions,
and WHO supports countries in their efforts to implement tobacco control measures through
MPOWER. GATS has been implemented in 14 countries globally where more than half of the
world’s smokers live: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, the
Russian Federation, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay and Vietnam. The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), CDC Foundation, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health (JHSPH), Research Triangle Institute International (RTI International), the World Health
Organization and many countries throughout the world worked together to design and implement
GATS Tobacco use including both the smoking and the nonsmoking forms of tobacco is
common in India. The few reports of tobacco use in different population
groups report its prevalence from about 15% to over 50% among men. Differences in its
prevalence are rather wide for the nonsmoking forms. Tobacco smoking in most parts of India
except Punjab, Maharashtra and Sikkim is reported in about one fourth to half of adult men of
over 15 years of age . Amongst women, smoking was more common in the North Eastern states,
Jammu & Kashmir and Bihar, while most other parts of India had prevalence rates of about 4
percent or less . In other reports, ever smoking among the school going youth of 13- 15 years
age, studied as a part of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) study was reported on an
average in upto about 10 percent individuals .All these reports clearly indicate a higher
prevalence of tobacco smoking in adult men.
Tobacco has been used in India for centuries. Early forms of tobacco were limited to chewing
tobacco leaves or smoking tobacco. Today, several products made of, or containing tobacco, are
available in the market. More than 4,000 different chemicals have been found in tobacco and
tobacco smoke. More than 60 of these chemicals are known to cause cancer (carcinogens).
Nicotine is a drug found in tobacco. It is highly addictive – as addictive as heroin or cocaine.
Over time, a person becomes physically and emotionally addicted to, or dependent on, nicotine.
Almost 30 percent of the Indian population older than age 15 uses some form of tobacco. Men
use more smoked tobacco than smokeless tobacco. Women are more likely to use smokeless
(chewed) tobacco. Beedis are smoked more than cigarettes.
Smoked tobacco in India
Beedis:
Crushed and dried tobacco is wrapped in tendu leaves and rolled into a beedi. Beedis are smaller
in size than the regular company-made cigarettes so more beedis are smoked to achieve the
desired feeling caused by nicotine. Beedi smokers are at least at an equal risk of developing
cancers as cigarette smokers due to use of smoked tobacco. Beedi making is a source of
livelihood for many families. In some families, everyone – including children – helps make
beedis. The frequent inhalation of tobacco flakes has similar effects as the actual use of the
tobacco product. Therefore, these families have an increased risk of lung diseases and cancers of
the digestive tract. And, addiction is common among these families.
Cigarettes and cigars:
A cigar is a roll of tobacco wrapped in leaf tobacco, and a cigarette is a roll of tobacco wrapped
in paper. Cigarettes may come with filters, as thins, low-tar, menthol, and flavored – to
more users, including women and youth and also to suggest the cigarettes have a lower health
risk, which they do not. Many people view cigar smoking as less dangerous than cigarette
smoking. Yet one large cigar can contain as much tobacco as an entire pack of cigarettes.
Cigarette smoking is more common in the urban areas of India, and cigar use is seen in the big
cities.
Cigarette smoking in on the rise and is now also seen
among teenage girls and young women.
Chillum:
This involves smoking tobacco in a clay pipe. Chillum smoking increases chances of oral cancer
and lung cancer. A chillum is shared by a group of individuals, so in addition to increasing their
risk of cancer, people who share a chillum increase their chances of spreading colds, flu, and
other lung illnesses. A chillum is also used for smoking narcotics like opium.
Hookah:
Hookah smoking involves a device that heats the tobacco and passes it through water before it is
inhaled. It is not a safer way to use tobacco. The use of hookah was once on the decline, but it
has increased in recent years. Hookah is thought to be a sign of royalty and prestige and is
available in high-priced coffee shops in flavors like apple, strawberry, and chocolate. It is
marketed as a "safe" recreational activity, but it is not safe and is finding increasing use among
college students of both sexes. Use of tobacco in this form can result in tobacco addiction.
Chutta smoking and reverse chutta smoking:
Chuttas are coarse tobacco cigars that are smoked in the coastal areas of India. Reverse chutta
smoking involves keeping the burning end of the chutta in the mouth and inhaling it. This
practice increases the chance of oral cancer.
Smokeless tobacco use
Smokeless tobacco is very common in India. Tobacco or tobacco-containing products are
chewed or sucked as a quid, or applied to gums, or inhaled.
Khaini:
This is one of the most common methods of chewing tobacco. Dried tobacco leaves are crushed
and mixed with slaked lime and chewed as a quid. The practice of keeping the quid in the mouth
between the cheeks and gums causes most cancers of the gums – the most common mouth cancer
in India.

Gutkha:
This is rapidly becoming the most popular form of chewed tobacco in India. It is very popular
among teenagers and children because it is available in small packets (convenient for a single
use), uses flavoring agents and scents, and is inexpensive (as
low as Re 1/- equivalent to 2 cents). Gutkha consists of areca nut (betel nut) pieces coated with
powdered tobacco, flavoring agents, and other “secret” ingredients that increase the addiction
potential. Gutkha use is responsible for increased cases of oral
cancers and other disorders of the mouth and teeth in young adults.
Paan with tobacco:
The main ingredients of paan are the betel leaf, areca nut (supari), slaked lime (chuna), and
catechu (katha). Sweets and
other condiments can also be added. The varieties of paan are named for the different strengths
of tobacco in it. Some people think that chewing paan without tobacco is harmless, but this is not
true. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has established that people who
chew both the betel
leaf and the areca nut have a higher risk of damaging their gums and having cancers of the
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach.
Paan masala:
Paan masala is a commercial preparation containing the areca nut, slaked lime, catechu, and
condiments, with or without powdered tobacco. It comes in attractive sachets and tins, which
are easy to carry and store. The tobacco powder and areca nut are responsible for oral cancers in
those who use these products a lot.
Mawa:
This is a combination of areca nut pieces, scented tobacco, and slaked lime that is mixed on the
spot and chewed as a quid. The popularity of mawa and its ability to cause cancer matches that
of gutkha. Its use is rising among teenagers and young adults in India.
Mishri, gudakhu and toothpastes:
These preparations are popular because people believe – incorrectly – that tobacco in the product
is a germicidal chemical that helps in cleaning teeth. Mishri is roasted tobacco powder that is
applied as a toothpowder.
Mishri users often become addicted and start applying it as pastime. Gudakhu is a paste of
tobacco and sugar molasses. These preparations are commonly used by women and involve
direct application of tobacco to the gums, thus increasing the risk of cancer of the gums.
Tobacco-containing toothpastes, which are promoted as antibacterial pastes, are popular among
children.
This habit often becomes an addiction, and the children graduate to other forms of tobacco, thus
increasing their chance for cancers.
Dry snuff:
This is a mixture of dried tobacco powder and some scented chemicals. It is inhaled and is
common in the elderly population of India. Snuff is responsible for cancers of the nose and jaw.
If you use tobacco in any form
People who use tobacco are at risk for several cancers. Smokers are at risk for mouth (oral),
larynx, and lung cancers, and other serious diseases, such as heart and lung diseases, circulatory
disease, and stroke. Those who use tobacco that they put in their mouth are at greatest risk for
mouth cancer. Mouth cancer is one
of the most common cancers in India due to the use of tobacco. Mouth (oral) cancer can be found
in the early stages with an oral exam by your doctor. Ask your doctor about how often you
should have an oral exam. Quitting all types of tobacco use greatly reduces your risk for oral
cancer. The best prevention is to avoid tobacco use altogether.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Smoking in India

Smoking in India has been known since at least 2000 BC when cannabis was smoked and is
first mentioned in the Atharvaveda, which dates back a few hundred years BC. Fumigation
(dhupa) and fire offerings (homa) are prescribed in the Ayurveda for medical purposes and have
been practiced for at least 3,000 years while smoking, dhumapana (literally "drinking smoke"),
has been practiced for at least 2,000 years. Tobacco was introduced to India in the 17th century.
It later merged with existing practices of smoking (mostly of cannabis).

Smoking in public places was prohibited nationwide from 2 October 2008. There are
approximately 120 million smokers in India. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), India is home to 12% of the world’s smokers. Approximately 900,000 people die every
year in India due to smoking as of 2009. [1] As of 2015, the number of men smoking tobacco in
rose to 108 million, an increase of 36%, between 1998 and 2015 [2]

Man smoking a hookah in India, 1935.

Cannabis smoking in India has been known since at least 2000 BC and is first mentioned in the
Atharvaveda, which dates back a few hundred years BC. Fumigation (dhupa) and fire offerings
(homa) are prescribed in the Ayurveda for medical purposes and have been practiced for at least
3,000 years while smoking, dhumapana (literally "drinking smoke"), has been practiced for at
least 2,000 years. Fumigation and fire offerings have been performed with various substances,
including clarified butter (ghee), fish offal, dried snakeskins, and various pastes molded around
incense sticks and lit to spread the smoke over wide areas. The practice of inhaling smoke was
employed as a remedy for many different ailments was not limited to just cannabis, but also
various plants and medicinal concoctions recommended to promote general health. Before
modern times, smoking was done with pipes with stems of various lengths, or chillums. Today
dhumapana has been replaced almost entirely by cigarette smoking, but both dhupa and homa
are still practiced. Beedi, a type of handrolled herbal cigarette consisting of cloves, ground betel
nut, and tobacco, usually with rather low proportion of tobacco, are a modern descendant of the
historical dhumapana. Tobacco was introduced to India in the 17th century. [5] It later merged
with existing practices of smoking (mostly of cannabis).

Landmark Case

The Supreme Court in Murli S Deora vs. Union of India and Ors., recognized the harmful effects
of smoking in public and also the effect on passive smokers, and in the absence of statutory
provisons at that time, prohibited smoking in public places such as auditoriums, hospital
buildings, health institutions, educational institutions, libraries, court buildings, public offices,
public conveyances, including the railways.

"Tobacco is universally regarded as one of the major public health hazards and is responsible
directly or indirectly for an estimated eight lakh deaths annually in the country. It has also been
found that treatment of tobacco related diseases and the loss of productivity caused therein cost
the country almost Rs. 13,500 crores annually, which more than offsets all the benefits accruing
in the form of revenue and employment generated by tobacco industry".

— Supreme Court of India, Murli S. Deora vs Union Of India And Ors on 2 November 2001

Prevalence
There are approximately 120 million smokers in India. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), India is home to 12% of the world’s smokers. Approximately 900,000
people die every year in India due to smoking as of 2009. According to a 2002 WHO estimate,
30% of adult males in India smoke. Among adult females, the figure is much lower at between
3–5%.

According to the study, "A Nationally Representative Case-Control Study of Smoking and Death
in India", tobacco will be responsible for 1 in 5 of all male deaths and 1 in 20 of all female
deaths in the country by 2010. This means approximately 1 million Indians would die annually
from smoking by 2010. According to the Indian Heart Association (IHA), India accounts for
60% of the world's heart disease burden, despite having less than 20% of the world's population.
The IHA has identified reduction in smoking as a significant target of cardiovascular health
prevention efforts. A survey conducted by the International Institute of Population Science and
the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, reveals that 26.6% of people in Jammu and Kashmir
smoke, the highest rate in the country. The highest number of beedi smokers are in Uttarakhand.

Legislation

Main article: Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and
Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003

No smoking sign in Leh, Jammu and Kashmir.

The first legislation regarding tobacco in India was the Cigarettes (Regulation of Production,
Supply and Distribution) Act, 1975, which mandated specific statutory health warnings on
cigarette packs in 1975. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of
Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution)
Act, 2003, abbreviated to COTPA, received assent from the President on 18 May 2003. It came
into force on 1 May 2004. The Act extends to the whole of India, including Jammu and Kashmir,
and is applicable to cigarettes, cigars, bidis, gutka, pan masala (containing tobacco), Mavva,
Khaini, snuff and all products containing tobacco in any form.

Prohibition of sale of tobacco products in an area within 100 yards of any educational institution
was brought into force from 1 December 2004.

Regional smoking bans

On 12 July 1999, Kerala became the first state in India to ban smoking in public places when a
Division Bench of the Kerala High Court declared "public smoking as illegal first time in the
history of whole world, unconstitutional and violative of Article 21 of the Constitution." The
Bench, headed by Dr. Justice K. Narayana Kurup, held that "tobacco smoking" in public places
(in the form of cigarettes, cigars, beedies or otherwise) "falls within the mischief of the penal
provisions relating to public nuisance as contained in the Indian Penal Code and also the
definition of air pollution as contained in the statutes dealing with the protection and preservation
of the environment, in particular, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution), Act 1981."

In 2007, Chandigarh became the first city in India to become 'smoke-free'. However, despite
there being some difficulties and apathy by the authorities the Smoke-Free Chandigarh [15] project
has been a success story. Taking a cue from the Chandigarh's success, cities like Shimla also
followed the Smoke-Free Chandigarh model to become smoke-free.[16] The success of
Chandigarh had been widely recognised and the architect of smoke-free Chandigarh Hemant
Goswami was also awarded the Global Smoke-Free Partnership Award for the initiative.[18]

Nationwide public smoking ban

Smoking in public places was prohibited nationwide from 2 October 2008 under the Prohibition
of Smoking in Public Places Rules, 2008 and COTPA. The nationwide smoke-free law pertains
only to public places. Places where smoking is restricted include auditoriums, cinemas, hospitals,
public transport (aircraft, buses, trains, metros, monorails, taxis) and their related facilities
(airports, bus stands/stations, railway stations), restaurants, hotels, bars, pubs, amusement
centres, offices (government and private), libraries, courts, post offices, markets, shopping malls,
canteens, refreshment rooms, banquet halls, discothèques, coffee houses, educational institutions
and parks. Then Health Minister Anbumani Ramadoss was quoted as saying, "Smoking on the
road or the park will save others from the wrath of passive smoking". Smoking is also permitted
in airports, restaurants, bars, pubs, discothèques and some other enclosed workplaces if they
provide designated separate smoking areas.[20] Anybody violating this law will be charged with a
fine of ₹200.[21] The sale of tobacco products within 100 yards of educational institutions is also
prohibited. However, this particular rule is seldom enforced.

Pictorial warnings

Front of a Gold Flake Kings box, sold in India, displaying the old pictorial warning

Rules mandating pictorial warnings on tobacco products were notified on 3 May 2009 came in to
force from 31 May 2009 after several rounds of amendments and delays. Section 7 of COTPA
deals with the "Display of pictorial health warning on all tobacco products packets". It prohibits
the production, sale and import of cigarettes or any other tobacco product unless every package
of cigarettes or any other tobacco product bears pictorial warnings on its label covering at least
40% of the package. The warnings are changed once a year. The law also prohibited more than
two languages from being used on the pack to ensure that the specified warning is legible and
prominent.

Advertising
The Cable Television Network (Regulation) Amendment Bill, in force since 8 September 2000,
completely prohibits cigarette and alcohol advertisements. With effect from 2 October 2012, the
government began screening two anti-tobacco advertisements, titled "Sponge" and "Mukesh", in
movie theatres and on television.[24] It is also mandatory for theatres to display a disclaimer on-
screen whenever smoking scenes are depicted in the movie. The "Sponge" and "Mukesh" ads
were replaced by new ads, titled "Child" and "Dhuan", from 2 October 2013.

In film

Bollywood has a long history of depicting characters smoking. According to a WHO study,
tobacco is portrayed in 76% of Bollywood films, with cigarettes making up 72% of all the
portrayals. Even though chewing tobacco and bidis account for the majority of tobacco use in
India, cigarettes do make up 20% of the market. Prior to the 1990s, Bollywood portrayed
smoking primarily as the vice of villains. The heroes portrayed in classic films were the "poor-
but-proud" types. They rescued damsels in distress, performed heroic feats, and beat up gangs of
bad guys single-handedly, but never did they risk their image by smoking on screen. [ Even the
villains were classy about the tobacco use, smoking cigars in three-piece suits as they plotted
their evil plans. However, the modern day heroes have brought a new tradition of "lighting up a
cigarette while performing martial arts stunts." Influenced by Western cinema such as
Hollywood films, the heroes in Bollywood movies now have more suave, attitude, and
machismo, all which appears to be complemented by the use of cigarettes. As noted by the WHO
study, the occurrence of "good guys" in films smoking or using tobacco has gone up from 27%
in 1991 to 53% in 2002.

Proposed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in May 2005, a smoking ban that
prohibited films and television shows from displaying actors or actresses smoking went into
effect on 2 October 2005. The Indian government felt that films were glamorizing cigarettes, and
with nearly 15 million people going to see Bollywood films on a daily basis, then Health
Minister Anubumani Ramadoss claimed that the ban would "protect the lives of millions of
people who could become addicted to smoking under the influence of movies." Under the
smoking ban, smoking scenes in any movie was prohibited, including any old or historical
movies where, some argued, smoking was necessary to make the depiction accurate. If producers
wished to show a character smoking, the scene would have to be accompanied by a note saying
that smoking is injurious to health, along with disclaimers at the beginning and end of films.

During the tobacco ban, the use of tobacco was still implied in movies and television, even if it
was not explicitly shown; it was "sung and danced about" instead.[29] So Bollywood, in
conjunction with tobacco companies, was still able to get around the smoking ban. Bollywood
was also able to bypass the tobacco ban because of the lack of enforcement. Corruption within
the government and police lead to officials not being successfully impose such policies, such as
the smoking ban in cinema. As noted by one, "The authorities aren’t organized enough...I’ll just
pay a bribe."[34] The Delhi High Court subsequently overturned the ban in January 2009, citing
that the ban was a form of censorship that restricted the right to freedom of speech.

Anti-smoking ads must be screened at the beginning of the movie and during the interval. In
addition, a disclaimer must be displayed on-screen during each scene where smoking is present.
[25]

Woody Allen refused to release his film Blue Jasmine in India because he objected to anti-
smoking ads that appear before and during any film that depicts smoking. "Due to content in the
film, it cannot be shown in India in its intended manner. Therefore, the film is not scheduled to
play there."[36] Deepak Sharma, COO of PVR Pictures, stated, "Allen has the creative control as
per the agreement. He wasn't comfortable with the disclaimer that we are required to run when
some smoking scene is shown in films. He feels that when the scroll comes, attention goes to it
rather than the scene. We had to abide by the law and we don't have control over the film, so it's
alright." In August 2014, an expert committee headed by Malayalam film director, script writer,
and producer Adoor Gopalakrishnan recommended that the Kerala government remove the
warnings. Gopalakrishnan stated, "When the movie is on, these messages appear in bold and
there is a format which the filmmakers must follow. People won't go to drink after watching
these scenes. These warnings that pop-up hampers the continuity or the flow of the film. We are
not asking to completely do away with the warnings; it can be shown before the film and during
the interval. Why are there warnings only for alcohol and smoking scenes? There are fight
scenes, item dance and rape scenes shown in films without any warnings."
Hookah law

The nationwide smoking ban did not prohibit consumption of hookah in hookah bars. However,
several cities in India have banned consumption of hookah in hookah bars. Police raids usually
focus on punishing the owners and operators of hookah bars rather than the customers.
Customers are usually fined while owners may face stiff fines and/or jail time. It is still legal to
purchase hookahs at shops and consume them at home.

Authorities generally apply Section 144 (Unlawful assembly) of CRPC to shut down hookah
bars.[40] Governments also use the COTPA.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a
particular topic. It is an investigation of finding solutions to scientific and social problems
through objective and systematic analysis.

Methodology means the actual set of methods, which are used for the collection of
relevant data for the project work-study. The study necessitated both the primary &
secondary data collection methods. The questionnaires are designed & interviews of
teenagers were conducted in order to collect primary data, & some deskwork was carried
out to collect secondary data. The methodology followed for data collection consisted of
following sources:

A] Collection of Primary Data

The primary data was collected through following sources: -

 Questionnaire:

A set of questions designed for (male) general respondents for getting their views on
smoking.

Observation:

The best method of learning is observation. I have learned lot of things from observing
males smoking nearby their job places, public places ,hotels ,etc.

B] Collection of Secondary Data

 Library Books:
Books play very crucial role in study. I have referred number of books from college
library, which help me to know about the theory part of my study.

 Internet:
The advance details, current trends are collected by referring various web sites.
Collected various cases and literature from websites.

The task of data collection begins after a research problem has been defined and
research design/plan chalked out. While deciding about the method of data collection to be
use for the study, the researcher should keep in mind two types of data viz., primary and
secondary. The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and
thus happen to be original in character. The secondary data, on the other hand, are those
which have already been collected by someone else

I have used both data for my field report.

SAMPLING AND MEASUREMENT

Sample size for this study was 50 respondents (males) was taken into consideration.
Primary data was collected by using closed end questionnaire. This questionnaire consist
of two section, section A and section B. Section A, included the demographic profile of the
respondent, which includes age and occupation of the respondents. Section B, include
questions related to Tobacco smoking in India.

Secondary data was collected from websites and news paper articles on topic.

Statistical Tools used: - CHI-SQUARE test (SPSS software used for calculations)
 LIMITATIONS

Limitations are given below:

1) There are many factors in this topic. But in this study because of time constraints we didn't
examined all factors which leads to smoking.
2) Because of using questionnaire as data gathering tools, the respondents may not answer the
questions exactly according to what they think and behave.
3) This study is limited to only some factors on smoking especially for males. One can
examine other factors affecting on society .
4) Due to time constraint sample size has been taken from Jalgaon city rather than considering
all cities in India.
 DATA ANALYSIS

Statistics
What kind of
tobacco In
consumption is In smoking smokeless
commonly of tobacco tobacco How often
seen in what is what is Do you do you
people? commonly commonly smoke in any smoke in any
used? consumed forms? forms?
by
people?
N Valid 50 50 50 50 50
Missing 0 0 0 0 0

What kind of tobacco consumption is commonly seen in people?

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percen Percent
t
Valid Smoking tobacco 22 44.0 44.0 44.0
Smokeless 28 56.0 56.0 100.0
tobacco
Total 50 100.0 100.0
 In smoking of tobacco what is commonly used?
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percen Percent
t
Valid Cigarettes
26 52.0 52.0 52.0
& Bedis
Cigars 5 10.0 10.0 62.0
Hukkah 10 20.0 20.0 82.0
Chillum 9 18.0 18.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: We can say that in smoking tobacco type cigarettes and bedis are used mostly
 In smokeless tobacco what is commonly consumed by people?
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percen Percent
t
Valid Gutkha & Pan
28 56.0 56.0 56.0
masala
Khaini 13 26.0 26.0 82.0
Mishri 9 18.0 18.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: In smokeless tobacco gutkha and pan masala is often used by people.
 Do you smoke in any forms?
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percen Percent
t
Valid yes 34 68.0 68.0 68.0
no 16 32.0 32.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Most of people smokes. It may be smokeless or smoking of tobacco.

 How often do you smoke in any forms?

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid Daily 38 76.0 76.0 76.0

two-three times in week 5 10.0 10.0 86.0

Occasionally 7 14.0 14.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Most of respondents smokes daily. This has become a habit for them.
 HYPOTHESIS TESTING

H0: The ratio of consumption of smoking tobacco is more compared to smokeless tobacco.

H1: The ratio of consumption of smoking tobacco is less compared to smokeless tobacco.

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

What kind of tobacco

consumption is commonly
seen in people? * Do you
50 100.0 0 .0% 50 100.0%
think tobacco consumption is %
increasing among males
rapidly.

What kind of tobacco consumption is commonly seen in people? * Do you think tobacco
consumption is increasing among males rapidly. Crosstabulation

Count

Do you think tobacco consumption

is increasing among males rapidly.

Agree Disagree Total

What kind of tobacco Smoking tobacco 22 0 22

consumption is commonly Smokeless tobacco
19 9 28
seen in people?
Total 41 9 50
 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig. (1-

Value df (2- sided) (2- sided) sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 8.624a 1 .003

b
Continuity Correction 6.583 1 .010
Likelihood Ratio 11.975 1 .001
Fisher's Exact Test
.003 .003
Linear-by-Linear Association 8.451 1 .004
N of Valid Casesb 50

a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.96.

b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Interpretation : From above chi-square test it is proved that consumption of smokeless tobacco is
more than smoking tobacco. Hence, Rejecting H0 we accept H1. That is H1: The ratio of
consumption of smoking tobacco is less compared to smokeless tobacco.
 CONCLUSION

In today of technology and globalization there are many factors which are affecting to Indian
society in good or bad manner. Smoking rate amongst males is increasing day by day. Due to fast
life and stressful life most of people adapt this habit and it becomes addiction. Factors such as
stress in work, family matters, financial problems, etc are influencing males to adapt smoking of
tobacco. For an instance or for some time these forms of tobacco release their stress according to
them so they become addicted to it. Some males are so addicted that in a day they cannot do any
work if they don’t have tobacco. This leads to many causes such as oral, lungs, kidney cancers
and many other disease which leads to death. Again due to such addiction they becomes
aggressive and very ridiculous concluding in domestic violence or loss of job. So this is a serious
issue concerned with society because due to this females and children are affected most. From
the study it is found that 80% people are addicted to this habit in smokeless form they eat
ghutkha , pan masala very often. Some people have habit of smoking cigarettes and few becomes
chain smokers and they ultimately ends their life as disaster.
 ANNEXURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Web References:

1) World Health Organization [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva: World Health

Organization [cited 2010 Apr 14]. World No Tobacco Day 2010 - Theme: Gender and tobacco
with an emphasis on marketing to women. Available from:
http://www.who.int/tobacco/wntd/2010/announcement/en/index.html

2) The Tobacco Atlas [homepage on the Internet]. New York City: World Lung
Foundation; American Cancer Society [cited 2010 Mar 22]. Female Smoking. Available
from: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/females.html?iss=03&country

Books References:

1) Social Research methodology by Alan Bryman

 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR MALE RESPONDENTS

Section A
1) Name of respondent:
2) Age of respondent: a) below 20 yrs b) 20-30 yrs c) 30-40 yrs d) 40 yrs and above
3) Occupation: a) Education b) Job c) Self-Employed d) Other

Section B
1) Do you think tobacco consumption is increasing among males rapidly.
a) Agree b) Disagree
2) What kind of tobacco consumption is commonly seen in people?
a) Smoking tobacco b) Smokeless tobacco
3) In smoking of tobacco what is commonly used?
a) Cigarettes & Bedis b) Cigars c) Hukkah d) Chillum
4) In smokeless tobacco what is commonly consumed by people?
a) Gutkha & Pan masala b) Khaini c) Mishri
5) Do you smoke in any forms?
a) Yes b) No
6) How often do you smoke in any forms?
a) Daily b) two-three times in week c) Occasionally
7) Tobacco consumption causes cancers.
a) Agree b) Disagree

Thanks for your response….