2020 International Conference on Computing and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Volume: 01, Issue: ICCIT- 1441, Page No.: 152 – 155, 9th & 10th Sep. 2020.

Improved Conservation of Energy in Fog IOT

Services Using Machine Learning Model
M. Viju Prakash
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
College of Science Knowledge University
Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
viju.prakash@knu.edu.iq
V.Porkodi S.Rajanarayanan
Assistant Professor Professor
Department of Information Technology Department of Business Administration
and Information System
Lebanese French University Arba Minch University, Sawla Campus,
Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Ethiopia
porkodi.sivaram@lfu.edu.krd srnarayanan.slm@gmail.com

Mujeebudheen Khan Banar Fareed Ibrahim M.Sivaram

Lecturer Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Computer Engineering Department Department of Computer Networking
Ibra College of Technology Cyprus International University Lebanese French University
Oman Cyprus Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
mujeeb@ict.edu.om 21712329@student.ciu.edu.tr sivaram.murugan@lfu.edu.krd
phdsiva@gmail.com

Abstract—This Fog Computing is an extension of Cloud Computing
technology to the network edge, which enables a newer breed of
services and applications. Resource sharing and resource discovery
is considered to be critical for the performance of fog computing
applications. In general, the methods to reduce are consumption of
energy in heterogonous network is very minimal. Considering the
higher consumption of energy in heterogeneous networks as a
problem statement, this work proposes a machine learning model
to reduce the consumption of energy demand in fog computing
Internet of Things (IoT) services. Considering the problem, the
machine learning model adopts network density, latency and
mobility as its energy constraints and designs an objective function
to support the lower energy consumption in the network. The
simulation of the proposed method is carried out between the
proposed and existing methods in terms of various performance
metrics. The result shows that the proposed machine learning
method in Fog IoT environment is efficient in conserving the energy
than the other methods.
Keywords—IoT, Fog Computing, Energy Consumption, Network
Density, Latency, Mobility
I. INTRODUCTION
The cloud computing’ paid-as-go’ model provides an effective
solution for clients facing Web applications and batch processing
to own or manage private data centers (CDs). Cloud computing
releases the company and the end user from the information. This
happiness becomes a issue for latency sensitive apps that need to
satisfy their delay demands for nodes in the area. In relation to
location consciousness and low latency, an evolving wave of
Internet deployments, especially the Internet of Things (IoTs),
needs assistance for mobility and geo-deployment. In order to
satisfy these demands, we claim that the fresh platform is
required; a platform we call Fog Computing [1,14] or Fog, just
because the fog is a cloud next door. The Fog Computing allows
a fresh array of apps and services, and a successful interplay of
data management and analysis between the Cloud and Fog.
Fog Computing (Fig.1) is a highly-violent platform which offers
computing, storing and networking services, typically, but not
solely at the bottom of a network, between end systems and
traditional cloud computing centres. The Cloud and Fog building
blocks are computing, storing and networking resources.
“Network Edge,” however, involves a series of features which
make the Fog a non-trivial cloud extension.
Fig.1. Fog Computing acts as a intermediate between cloud and edge computing
[10]
Fog computing is provided as a more effective solution to tackle
these constraints and seamlessly integrates network edge
equipment and cloud center. Fog computing is an geographically
distributed computing architecture with a combined elastic
computing, communicating and storage facilities for several
heterogeneous systems on the edge of the network[3]. Fog
computing’s most prominent feature is extending the cloud
service to the network’s edge. It closely matches end-users by
pooling local resources in computing, communication, control
and stock. Geographically distributed edge devices are used for
data consumption. Consequently, transmission time and network
transmission are decreased significantly [2,10]. The fog
paradigm can fulfill the requirements of apps which are reliable
or sensitive to latency in real time and particularly eases network
bandwidth gaps.
Fog nodes are distributed geographically in the fog computing
architecture. So because of the concentration, it won’t produce a
lot of heat and no extra refresher is necessary. In addition, mobile
node energy management policies obviously decrease
communicative energy consumption [4] in a short-term
communication mode and some optimal energy management.
This reduces energy consumption, saves energy and reduces

Volume: 01, Issue: ICCIT- 1441, Page No.: 152 – 155, 9th & 10th Sep. 2020.
 M. Viju Prakash, et al.: Improved Conservation of Energy…
costs. A greener computing paradigm is provided by Fog
computing.
There are many distributed nodes for the Fog computing devices,
and energy consumption is therefore anticipated to be greater
than its cloud counterparts. Many work therefore needs to be
carried out to develop and optimize fresh and effective protocols
and architectures for energy saving within the fog paradigm such
as efficient communication protocols, computation, and
optimization of network resources.
II. PREDICTIONS IN FOG COMPUTING
The next move is to perform digital analysis and prognostics for
manufacturing machines and processes utilizing cloud-based
machine learning after gathering large volumes of crude
information via IoT infrastructures and interaction processes.
The strategies of machine learning usually fall into three broad
categories, including supervised learning, unsupervised
learning, and collaborative filtering that use both supervised and
unsupervised learning.
As an input to a training algorithm based on datasets and labelled
information, a variety of features or attributes will be obtained.
Data sets for the training of a learning algorithm are also used.
To evaluate the learning algorithm, testing data sets are used.
Upon an evaluation of a machine learning model, the potential
result of an event can be predicted. Machine learning can be used
in manufacturing to anticipate the wear of equipment and to
determine if maintenance is needed.
Since machine learning on big training data may take
considerable memory and CPU cores, it helps to accelerate
predictive modeling to implement cloud machine learning
algorithms. Several commercial solutions for decentralized
cloud training have been created. Amazon's Elastic Compute
Cloud (EC2), for instance, offers high-performance computing
services to users to create predictive cloud models [12,13].
Big data poses other obstacles to cloud research. The main
factors that make cloud computing valuable for data processing
are performance, manageability and low cost. Security and
privacy are nevertheless primary issues for sensitive data
storage. We need secure processing especially for health geo-
informatics applications with sensitive data. To mitigate data
protection and security threats, the software should be used for
limited data access within the system, in compliance with the
application scope. The information should be moved for the
completion of the data analysis to the next stage after storage.
Data protection and security will benefit through this.
III. USE MACHINE LEARNING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
MODEL
When extended to fresh information assuming that the same
mechanism generates general regularities, we can predict
outgoings with regard to an endless mixture of input and values
which vary constantly. Exactly as machine learning functions.
Supervised machine-learning algorithms are training on a well-
developed dataset to explore and encode understanding in a
model that is concealed from the information. Therefore, feeding
fresh inputs to pretrained models produces expected outputs.
While the training routine takes time, especially for big training
sets, it requires considerably less time than autonomy simulation.
The most notable advantage of machine learning is that pre-
trained models can predict results with elevated precision almost
instantly. The simulation in autonomy that lasts for a few days is
now decreased considerably to a few minutes.
Our machine learning and forecasting routine includes
preparation, training, validation, prediction and, as needed,
outline detection. It should be observed, even if the primary
routine is linear before presenting each step in detail, that it is
understood as an iterative method. Any step before producing
trained patterns can be recalled by the need to improve forecast
precision. For example, a different machine learning algorithm
could be chosen for validation on a test set that means an
unsuitable model. If a training set is deemed inadequate,
additional information should be obtained. We define our
teaching process and our routine forecast step by step below.
In consideration of the heterogeneity computing setting, the
suggested strategy examined the source of energy consumption.
In addition, the strategy suggested used a methodology based on
the fractal strategy for machine-learning model to support the
algorithm for allocating resources.
Four modules present the suggested strategy to scheduling as
shown in Figure 2. First, the surveillance model gathers resource
workloads for all physical devices in all clusters such as disk
usage, memory usage and CPU use. In order to evaluate resource
use, the surveillance model will transmit these information into
the forecast model. The model forecast analyzes usage
documents and sends the outcomes to the model scheduler. On
the base of the forecast model outcomes, the scheduler model is
accountable for allocating resources to specific hosts. Finally, the
assignment model assigns host resources. An appropriate virtual
machine is used for incoming demands of cloud users. The
primary role of the assignment model. Many current algorithms
have discovered that the resource load of the CPU has an
effective effect and powerful study correlation.
The suggested technique for forecasting CPU use based on the
iterative fractal approach was motivated by this stage. The time
has been taken as a sequence of interval times and the use of
CPUs in the cluster has been predicted. From the outcomes, the
prediction values of the proposed method have the same number
of values after two prediction steps. Equation 1 reflects the
coefficient of Pearson correlation to find the resemblance
between the load value forecast and actual CPU load. This
calculates the correspondence between the two values.
 XY −  N
X Y
r=
 ( X )  ( Y ) 
2 2
 X 2 −   Y 2 − 
 N  N 
   (1)
The monitoring model collects data at interpolation points from
the virtual machine pool. Iterative fractal forecasts are used for
the calculation of CPU use of virtual machines every 5 minutes
[9]. The reinforcement learning technique produces a comparison
of present value and expected value with the same workload
points. The outcome of the correlation factor is larger if the
workload value is comparable to that of the prior work load value.
The scheduler model programming resources to a specific cloud
Vol. 01, No. ICCIT – 1441, pp. 152 – 155, 9th & 10th Sep. 2020.
M. Viju Prakash, et al.: Improved Conservation of Energy…
user using the Allocation model, based on the correlation factor
[4].
Fig. 2. Architecture of Proposed Model
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a machine learning sub-area
which is linked to maximizing certain long term benefits
according to the measures made by a particular agent. The agent
examines its environment in particular by choosing a particular
action at each stage and getting a corresponding environmental
reward. Since the best action is never previously knew, the officer
must learn from his experience by performing a series of various
activities in order to determine the best behavior from the benefits
acquired.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The RL algorithm for scheduling is applied and assessed in a
simulation setting. The proposed model implemented in
cloudsim tool with existing algorithm like ECORA [5], LOCUS
[6], JUFO [7] and SWIPT [8] in the simulation setting in the
cloud simulation setting. The data center consists of 100 VMs in
this experiment.
Fig. 3. Average CPU utilization
Figure 3 reflects the use of the CPU utilization between proposed
and existing techniques. The RL technique uses more CPU than
other algorithms and has shown outcomes. The RL technique
offers increased performance by lowering CPU resources with
reduced energy usage.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we reduce consumption of energy in heterogonous
network using RL model to reduce the consumption of energy
demand in fog computing Internet of Things (IoT) services.
Considering the problem, the machine learning model adopts
network density, latency and mobility as its energy constraints
and designs an objective function to support the lower energy
consumption in the network [15-20]. The simulation of the
proposed method is carried out between the proposed and
existing methods in terms of various performance metrics.
Simulation result shows that the proposed method in terms of
energy utilization than other methods. The RL technique offers
increased performance by lowering CPU resources with reduced
energy usage.
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Vol. 01, No. ICCIT – 1441, pp. 152 – 155, 9th & 10th Sep. 2020.