4QAM OFDM Visible Light
Communication using Laser
Chetna Verma1, Chetan Selwal2
1,2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University
Rawatbhata Rd, Kota324009, India
1
chetnaverma44@gmail.com; 2selwal.chetan@gmail.com
Abstract: A visible light communication (VLC) system with
4QAM-OFDM is formed and simulated using 450 nm CW
laser (CW laser) with a modulator at the input side and at
the receiving side photodetector is used. VLC system
Simulation is done by working on Optisystem 12, a
constellation of VLC obtained at 250m/10Gbps. the benefit
of CW laser along with 4 QAM OFDM improve the VLC
system for free space communication Significant. With the
help of CW Laser at visible frequency aspect can be seen as
an advanced class of an input carrier which has the
potential to accomplish data rate of high speed, high
communication distance, as well as easy supervision and
furnishing. By using 4 QAM OFDM we get clear
constellation diagram. In this paper, we evaluate the
performance of optical to electrical power conversion,
Clear constellation diagram of VLC System corresponding
distance from the transmitter to receiver.
Keywords: Electrical Amplifier, LASER Diode, OFDM,
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, Visible Light
Communication
I. INTRODUCTION
VLC implement huge date rate long distance communication
as a further action and also deliver an additional capacity for
indoor wireless networks. In Our Current Generation, The
confined radio frequency spectrum puts restraints on the
increasing demand for universal connectivity and huge
capacity. Visible light communications (VLC) is a Bright and
Faraway Advanced Communication technology for the next
generation of wireless communication systems. Visible light
communications (VLC) systems lie in 400-800THz (375-
780nm) Range could be the optimal solution for indoor mobile
communications scenarios. Optical wireless communication
telecommunication subdivision is a Visible light
communication (VLC). Accomplish huge data rate is a
Specific Fundamental target of High-Speed Indoor VLC
systems. In the application Part, We Study in many areas such
as Li-Fi, an aircraft system, a sound communication system,
Vehicle to vehicle data transmission using their headlights
communications and location-based communications [1-6].
VLC systems using LEDs are recognized as promising means
to the future generations of technology, where an LED light
can be used for a dual purpose like for brightness as well as for
the ambition of high-speed communication[7, 8, 9, 10].VLC
978-1-5386-4692-2/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
system using LED light further bear various challenges, as
well as: (1) LEDs posses defined modulation bandwidth. Also
(2) LED light can reach only up to a certain distance. The
various benefit of VLC systems over RF systems and some
potential algorithms to jointly manage the two technologies,
have been already observed and signify in indoor scenarios
[11]. After all, the achievement of the LED-VLC systems
perhaps more enhanced through applying CW laser just as
luminous source. LED-VLC duplex action, as communication
along with lighting, cannot be fulfilled by the laser VLC
system, but as an optical source, the laser can accomplish
higher speed at long distance transmission. In this paper, the
laser pointer is applied to the Visible light communication
system. A CW Laser act as a miniature suitable device along a
potential origin (usually a battery) and a laser emitting an
actual definite coherent beam of visibility, designed elected
used for high-speed transmission by modulating its light beam
at very high speed. Huge visual potential along with luminous
beam concurrence aspect of a LASER pointer, with 4QAM-
OFDM modulation, is traditional to have better
accomplishment in VLC systems.
II. SYSTEM MODELING
A. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Scheme
As a modulation schemeOrthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) is used. In OFDM parallel data
transmission action capabilities to mitigate abounding of the
complication confront along sequential communication
systems [12] being the demand for complex equalizers also
intersymbol interference (ISI). OFDM stability against channel
dispersion and its ease of phase and channel evaluation in a
time-varying environment are two of fundamental advantages
of OFDM. OFDM has intrinsic disadvantages, such as high
peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and sensitivity to
frequency and phase noise[13].
TO accomplish actual huge throughput by transmitting on an
extreme number of carriers concurrently the OFDM is an
actual able modulation technique. It is further spectrally able as
long as of the proximity of the subcarriers. Although
approximately elementary and efficient to implement, to form
a powerful system that avoids ISI induce by multipath
propagation and ICI induce by Doppler shift and timing errors,
a good ability of the propagation surroundings is appropriate to
cause the right choice of the OFDM parameters. To more raise
the throughput for a given bandwidth OFDM can also be used
with MIMO. At the receiver side, to demultiplex the parallel
data streams the FFT (fast Fourier transform) is used.
Inefficient system medium bias proposes ISI possibly oppose
the orthogonality. Here we are accepting OFDM in a merger
with QAM. Firstly the benefit of OFDM was Consider in
[13].Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is
applied as a modulation scheme. This enables the limited
modulation bandwidth of the device to be fully-used[14].
Fig. 1. OFDM transmitter and receiver
B. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Scheme
In Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) An analog and a
digital both modulation techniques used. QAM sends two
digital bit streams by using the amplitude-shift keying (ASK)
digital modulation scheme or two analog message signals by
using analog modulation scheme changing (modulating) the
amplitudes of two carrier waves, In quadrature carriers or
quadrature components the two carrier signals in this usual
sinusoids, are 90° out of phase along one another by hence the
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name of the scheme. combination of both phase-shift keying
(PSK) and amplitude-shift keying (ASK) are resulting
waveform therefore, The modulated waves are summed or (in
the analog case) of PM and amplitude modulation.QAM can
be used broadly as a modulation technique for digital
communication systems. with QAM Precisely long spectral
capacity could be accomplished by ambiance an applicable
constellation size, defined the unique duration of the
communications channel and noise level[15].
III. DESIGN AND SIMULATION SETUP
A. 4 QAM OFDM VLC system Model
B. FSO System Using Multiple Tx/Rx Technique
FSO system basic elements are the transmission channel,
medium as well as the receiver channel which illustrate in Fig
3. A PRBS Data source, NRZ on/off keying, a CW laser and
MZM consists of transmitter part. The block diagram shown in
Fig3, 10Gbps data rate is encoded with the help of PRBS and
Mach-Zender Modulator is used to modulate the signal where
CW laser wavelength 450nm and power 20mw acts as the
carrier source. Before transmission, the optical signal from the
FSO channel is received by the photodetector.
 Fig. 3. Block diagram of free space transmitter /receiver VLC
system
C. 4 QAM OFDM VLC simulation system Model
Visible Light Communication System based on 4QAM-OFDM
Figure2 below shows, The transmitter step is branched into
middling phase bit sequence generator, QAM modulator,
OFDM modulator and optical source. It starts with bit
sequence generator which generates random bit sequence for
transmission; these binary sequences are then modulated by
QAM modulator which is an analog & digital amplitude
modulation scheme, which modulates the amplitude of carrier
signal as according to the bit sequence. After through OFDM
block, this QAM modulated carriers and that is a multicarrier
modulation scheme, in this information input is moving in
addition various low rate subcarriers. Now, these Orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing modulated carriers are
amplified and these electrical signals used to drive the optical
source. It actually modulates the optical signal of the optical
source. This optical signal travels through free space block
where different factors were introduced to attenuate the optical
signal[16].
At the receiver side, the exact reversal procedure is designed.
The modulated, as well as the amplified optical signal, is
observed through photodiode; the photodiode is a device
which generates an electrical current in accordance to the
detected optical signal. Then gone through OFDM
demodulator passes these electrical signals; OFDM
demodulator demodulates the electrical signals to QAM
modulated carriers. And after this, the signal demodulates into
bit sequence with the help of QAM demodulator.
Fig. 4. QAM OFDM VLC simulation system Model
Since the essential concern in this system is to increase the
transmission distance and enhance the data rate along with
minimum BER. Thus CW laser with optical power 20mW was
620
chosen and the OFDM system was modeled in OptiSystem
12.0. Parameters such as Wavelength, output optical power,
sequence length, sample per bit, number of samples, optical
photodetector sensitivity, a distance of the transmission links,
and attenuation across distance were set. Parameters such as
the optical power of the optical source, number of subcarriers
in OFDM block, modulation frequency, cut off frequency of
filter; transmission distance had been varied to obtain highest
bit rate, longest transmission range, and minimum bit error
rate.
TABLE 1: System specifications
Parameter Value
Bitrate 10 Gbps
Time window 1.6384e-006 s
Sample rate 40 GHz
Sequence length 16384 bits
Sample per bit 4
Number of samples 65536
Number of subcarriers 512
Number of FFT points 1024
Photodetector Sensitivity .65AW
Wavelength 450nm
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
An adequate structure miniature was realized and simulated in
optisystem 12.0. A free space transmission is treated as the
medium as the simulation. In this transmitter and receiver must
be in the line of sight (LOS) medium. As the miniature is
designed for short-range input communication operation, the
results were collected under the normal conditions. With the
speed of 10 Gbps in the simulation, we get at the receiver
better constellation. The procedure of the performance of the
structure transmitted and received data constellation diagram,
FSO Optical spectrum, Quadrature Modulator RF Spectrum,
Photodetector PIN RF Spectrum, from the simulation are
shown in figure 3. In fig 3 we explain Block diagram of free
space transmitter /receiver VLC system, in fig 4 we designed
4QAM OFDM VLC simulation system Model.In fig we get 5
(a) RF Spectrum of QAM modulator output, (b) RF Spectrum
of the derived OFDM signal at the output of PIN detector (c)
the received OFDM signal at the PIN detector output of
Optical Spectrum for one channel and at last fig 6 we get (a)
Transmitted sequence constellation (b)163m Received
sequence constellation (c)250m Received sequence
constellation

Fig. 5 . (a). RF Spectrum of QAM modulator output, (b) RF
Spectrum of the derived OFDM signal at the output of PIN
detector (c) the received OFDM signal at the PIN detector output
of Optical Spectrum for one channel
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A. Performance evaluation through Constellation diagram
Fig. 6. (a). Transmitted sequence constellation (b)163m Received
sequence constellation (c)250m Received sequence constellation
V. CONCLUSIONS
A 4 QAM OFDM visible light wireless communication model
was developed and simulated in optisystem12.0.Here
communication is based totally expectation of direct los and
simplex channel action. To entirely apply the high speed of
VLC system, other modulation technique needed toevaluate
and inspect which is the future work of this preliminary study.
The coming development obtains by this system:
x As a light source in free space transmission the laser diode
can be modulated also used;
x The designed system applying a 20mW optical power can
accomplish a maximal distance of 250 m at bit rate 10
Gbps on paper;
x Channel realization perhaps enhanced by changing system
specification like Attenuation, Beam divergence, aperture
diameter, and receiver aperture diameter, etc.
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