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    Khám Phá Typography (NXB Bách Khoa 2015) - Tova Rabinowitz, 440 Trang

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    2K views440 pages

    Khám Phá Typography (NXB Bách Khoa 2015) - Tova Rabinowitz, 440 Trang

    Uploaded by

    Hoàng Hoa Dương
    Khám Phá Typography (NXB Bách Khoa 2015) - Tova Rabinowitz, 440 Trang

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    Khém pha Exploring Typography (oan ssil iat AES nD) Portan i (opi tlc ihe Fay ‘eate Nena » as effective visual forms reas Bch he Cran [ety Tate ag eti} nT eating a desi ir S sign and creatingart: wile art 7 heed lee Fra) _ dis ay om Say y ae DN: | oe) mye es hl veal Fo CTS RSS] DESIGN &] ReLORAUICh \ os Tac gid: Tova Rabinowitz Tova Rabinowitz nhan bang Cit nhan My thust clia Bai hoc bang Michigan va bSng Thac sy Gido duc cla Dai hoc bang Illinois. Ba ting lam viéc tai Bai hoc Céng nghé Westwood trén cueng vi la Giém déc Chuang trinh Thiét ké Bé hoa, tai day ba di sau vao viéc phat trién chuong trinh dao tao truyén théng va truc tuyén trén quy mé toan quéc. Khong chi yéu thich cong viée ging day va séng tao, Tova Rabinowitz con danh thei gian cho vie nghién cilu céc hoc thuyét va ting dung da cé trong lich str lan duong dai vé mén Typography. ¢ CENGAGE ** Learning | Kham phd | TYPOGRAPHY Exploring Typography Tova Rabinowitz Nhom dich Truong Bai hoc FPT LL NHA XUAT BAN BACH KHOA HA NOL TRUONG DAI HOC FPT ¢ » CENGAGE FG.» «© Learning: TRUONG DAI HOC FPT ‘Ten sich: Kham pha Typography Tac gid: Tova Rabinowitz Ban quyén ban dich © 2015 thudc vé Cengage Learning Asia va Dai hoc EPT. Ban quyén da duige dang ky bao hd. Khong phan nao trong xuat ban phém nay duige phép sao chép hay phat hanh duéi bat ky hinh thie nao hode bat ky phuong tign nao, hay dugc luu git! trong co sé dit ligu hodc hé théng truy cp, ma khong c6 sui cho phép true bing van ban ciia Nha xudt ban Cengage Learning va Dai hoc FPT. Dai hoc FPT la déi tac doc quyén dich va phan phéi tai Viet Nam ISBN: 978-604-938-599-5 (Ban dich tigng Viet) Title: Exploring Typography Author: Tova Rabinowitz ISBN ~ 13: 978-1-4018-1505-9 (Original edition) Original edition published by Wadsworth, Cengage Learning Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ‘The copyrights for the Vietnamese edition are jointly held by Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd. and FPT University. ‘The Vietnamese edition is exclusively translated and distributed by FPT University in Viet Nam. ngii sin xuat ban dich - Trugng Dai hoc FPT Dich gid: Lé Hoang Giang, Doan Khuong Duy, Dé Quang Dién C6 van chuyén mén: Ha Dang Higp Bién tap: Lé Thi Ngoc ‘Trinh bay: Doan Van Long ‘Thiét ké bia: Cengage, Nguyén Thé Hoang Diéu phéi sin xuat sin phim: Lé Thi Ngoc Sifa ban in va Gidm sat sin xuat cap cao: Chu Dinh Phit Quan ly sn xuat sin phdm: Nguyén Thj Thu Hign Lién hé hgp tac vé ngi dung ban dich tiéng Vigt va phan phi tai Viét Nam: Phong Ban quyén va Xuat ban, Trudng Dai hc EPT ‘Toa nha FPT Polytechnic, Dudng Ham Nghi, KDT Mj Dinh I, Tit Liém, Ha Noi Dign thoai: (04) 7 305 1398 Email: publishing@fpt.edu.vn Website: fptbooks.vn | Muc luc | Loi tua Chudng 1: Lich sit cia chit Chuong trinh bay téng quan vé lich si cla chi, déng thdi 6 c§p dén qua trinh phat trién va cach si dung cha ti buéi binh minh cia thoi tién sic cho téi hién tai. Chuong 2: Cac thuge tinh tao hinh ciia chi ‘Chuong ban luan vé nhiing dac tinh tao hinh khién cho méi typeface trd nén déc nhat v6 nhi, dé cap téi cae thanh phan cdu tric duge dung dé tao letterform va kich thude chi, déng thdi gidi thigu nhiéu thuat ngi lién quan téi typography. Chung 3: Phan loai ho chit Chong ban van vé chién luge va phuong phép phan loai chi vao céc ho chi, cung c&p mét bd suu tap phong pho rnhing mau chd quan trong, xét trén phuong dign lich si | Muc luc | Chuong 4: Tinh ré rang va tinh dé doc 172 Chuang ban luan vé nhing yéu t6 c6 thé gay anh hudng dén tinh 16 rang va tinh dé doc cia mét thiét ké, tap trung nhén manh ch thie gdp nha thiét ké nang cao higu qua truyén théng nhé van dung céc yéu 16 c6 kha ning kiém soat duge, phyc vu trai nghigm ciing nhu che nang sinh ly hoc cia ngudi ding Chuong 5: Cae khia canh thiét ké layout 198 ‘Chuong ban luan vé méi quan hé gida hinh thie véi ndi dung va vai tr cila tiing khia canh trong layout cia thiét ké, déng thoi gidi thigu cac Lut Gestalt cng cdc khai niém vé biéu 6 thi gidcltrat ty thi gidcitrat ty nhinithi ty nhin (sau day goi la biéu 46 thi gidc), sy nhén manh, sy dan métisy diéu huéng doc euing nhu nhdng cong cu gidp tao ra layout higu qua. Chuong 6: Sit dung 6 ludi 232 CChuong ban uan vé ting dung cla 6 ludi va vie ding 6 lu6i ‘nhu mét céng cu gitip mang lai sy théng nhat cho cde tai iu cing nhu layout nhiéu trang, tr gidp cho quy trinh thigt ké, Chucng 7: Chil trong méi trudng ky thuat so 252 ‘Chudng tim higu nhiing vn dé cy thé vé chi trong méi trudng kj thuat s6, bao gém cdc dinh dang font, 46 phan giai hién thi va nhiing van dé thudng gap vdi tinh r6 rang, tinh dé doc gan lién véi chi trinh chiéu. Chuong 8: Thiét ké cha 284 ‘Chuang dan déc gid di qua quy trinh thiét ké mot font nguyén ban, Muc tiéu bai hoc ‘Mé dau méi chuong la cé¢ mye tiéu bai hoc. Phén nay mé t& nhiing nang Ie ma déc gia cén thu duge sau khi tim higu nei dung chuong > Thuat ng Cac thuat ng quan trong lia tiing chuong duge dinh nghia trong nhiing box riéng biét va xuat hién xuyén suét cu séch ene D> Cong viéc cila nha thiét ké Cac hé so nghé nghiép nay dude trinh bay xuyn suét cudn sch, Mi hé so gi thidu v6 mot nha thiétké thanh céng, 68 dong g6p nhiéu tac phém typography nang dong va sng tao cho inh vye thiétké. > Ghi chi Myc nay cung cp cae agi y dac biét, Idi khuyén thyc té va théng tin cho doc gia. > Sidebar Cac sidebar (khdi ndi dung co ban bén canh trang) xuat hign xuyén suét ‘cuén sach, cung cp thém théng tin gia tri vé nhiing chi dé cy thé, D> Cau hdi Gn tap va bai tap Cc cau hdi On tap va bai tap cudi méi chuong cho phép doc gia danh gia hiéu biét cua minh vé n6i dung trong chuong. Cac bai tap duge bién soan nh&m myc dich cing cé tai ligu {tinh bay trong chuong théng qua nhdng ting dung thye xii vam ph Typography | Méc thu (block book), Apocalypsis Sancti Joharmis (tae dich: Khai huyn vé Thanh Gioan), Diéc, nim 1470 sau Cang nguyén, © BO stu tp cia Lessing J. Rosenwald, Tht ign Qué hi Mj, Washington, D.C. ink uige st dung v6 st cho php cae nim git bin quyén GIGI THIEU TAC GIA Tova Rabinowitz la mét nha su pham déng thai la mét hoa sy. uge moi ngudi xung quanh nhén xét la dac biét séng tao va 66 nhidu phat kién, Tova Rabinowitz tng lam vigc trong nhiéu méi trudng my thuat Khao nhau, ti bit chi, son déu/mau dau cho tdi pixel (diém anh); ba cng thich duing Iép giang day cho hoe sinh tis db tudi mam non t6i sinh vien dai hoc. Tova Rabinowitz tng 06 ba néim lam vige tai Dai hoc Céng nghé Westwood, ban dau la ging vien Thiét ké 86 hoa, sau do la Giém déc Chuong trinh Thiét ké 6 hoa, tai day ba di séu vao viéc phat trién chuong trinh va gido trinh dao tao. Tova Rabinowitz con lam céc céng viée nhu thiét ké 6 dling 4m thyc, hoa sf trung bay, déng thai sB hdu va diéu hanh mot cbng ty nhd chuyén thiét Ké ccac tc phém nghé thuat trén vai sgi theo y khdch hang. Tova Rabinowitz ‘86 hu nhiéu hoe vi/bng op trong ea finh vyc nghé thuat ln gido dyc. TAI NGUYEN BIEN TU Cun sch nay o6 phén tai nguyén din ti di Kem, duge bién sogn dé hd tro gidng vién lén ké hoach va trién khai cac chuong trinh giang day. CD nay bao gém dé cucng mau (syllabus) gidp si: dyng cuén sach cho mot hoc ky kéo dai tir 11 dén 15 tudn. Bia ciing bao gém céc cu hdi én tap em theo dap an, bai tép, ban trinh chiu (slide) PowerPoint néu bat nhiing cchii 48 n6i dung chinh duge trinh bay trong sdch va cée tai nguyén hé tig ging day khac. Ban doc hoae cae truding hoc quan tam cé thé lién hé Dai hoc FPT hoac Nha xuat ban Cengage dé c6 thém théng tin chi tiét. ISBN: 1-4018-1506-5 LOI CAM ON Cam on céc ban da chia s8 tinh ban néng nhigt, thoi gian, long kién nhén, chuyén mén, hiéu biét, tai nguyén va sy tr¢ gidp trong suét qua trinh hoan thign cudn sach nay: Heather va Bobby Rabinowitz, Heidi Estrin, Dru va Al Simon, Tim Jonas, Aaron Hawkins, Elizabeth Nevin (Nha xuét ban Briar), David Jury, Brad Knapp, Paul Ruffino, Clifford Deer, Tamar Cordover, Jill Cordover, Malcolm Lubliner va Monica Maass, Ethan Dyer, Rachel Charson, Angie Reichert- Hester va Tom Hester, Fred Klein, Kanako Takeda, Carol Megan, Kathy Moran, Melissa Unzicker, Peter Schoewe, David Peters, Leslie Cabarga, Art Chantry (Cong ty thiét ké Art Chantry), Nick Curtis (Céng ty thiét ké Nick's Fonts), Ryan Pescatore Frisk va Cateliine van Middelkoop (Céng ty Strange Attractors), Joyce Gorrell (Céng ty Core11), April Greiman (Céng ty Made in Space), Eduardo Recife (Cong ty Misprinted Type), Joe Freedman (Céng ty Sarabande), Dave Parmley (Céng ty 1thFloor), Jan Maarten de Booij (Cong ty Koninklijke Bibliothek), Jovaney Hollingsworth (Cong ty CSA Images), Linda McCurdy (Thu vign Sach hiém, Ban thdo va BO suu tép dac biét, Bal hoc Duke), Fabrice Ruth Dissieux (Céng ty Linotype Library GmbH), Bob Alonso (Céng ty BA Graphics), Melissa M. Hunt (Céng ty Berthold Types Limited), Veronika Elsner (Céng ty Elsner-Flake GbR), Simon Daniels (Tap oan Microsoft), Richard Kegler (Cong ty P22 Type Foundry), Sergey Kochin (Céng ty TNHH ParaType), Kurt Koepfie (Céng ty Thiét ké Pentagram), Thierry Puytoulhoux (Céng ty Presence Typo) va Peter Rosenfeld (Céng ty URW++ Design & Development GmbH). Toi cing xin git bi cdm on dc bist t6i nhém Delmar, nhing ngubi da huéng dn ti vugt qua mét qua trinh dai véi khéi lugng cng viée khéng 16 bang long kién hn Ién lao, kha nang linh déng cing sy théng thai tuyét voi chinh qué trinh lao dong bén bi, tan tam hé trg cia ho da bién cuén sach nay {rd thanh hién thyc: Jaimie Weiss (Giém déc phy tréch san phém), James Gish (Bién tap phu tréch tim kiém ban thao cp cao), Francis Hogan (Biéu phéi vién mang hi hoa va thigt k) va Tom Stover (Bién tap phy trach sén xuat cap cao). ‘Béng thdi, t6i vo cing cdm on cée nhan vién Delmar, chinh tai nang va su Iu tam dn ting chi tiét cua ho dé gép mot phn quan trong vao chat Ilugng ma tac phdm nay dat duge: Anne Majusiak, Mardelle Kunz va Liz Kingslien. xii (Céc nh chyp man hinh tt trang Web cha artwork va anh chup cia ca s7 kiém nhac sf da mau Erykah Badu, www cerykah- badu.com, do Dan Petruzzi va Afra Amir Sanjari sin xuat, Kristen O'Loughlin va Chris Ro cia trang Okayplayerc thie ké, An dg sit dng vat su cho cit Hang thu dm Motown Records, mt nhanh cia Cong ty UMG Recordings, 2004 xiv ‘xm ph Tpaeoy | Thiet ké bao bi trang tri nghe thudt, Rou Ruhr, 1928. Anh do Cong ty TNHH Rikuyosha cung cp. Delmar Cengage Learning va téc gid xin chan thanh c&m on cdc nha phé bin duéi day vi nhing dé xuat va y kién déng gép chuyén mén quy bau: Scott Carnz Tro ly khoa vé cae vén dé hoe thuat Hoc vign Nghé thuat Thanh phé Seattle Seattle, Washington Cece Cutsforth Khoa Nghé thuat Thi gidc va Biéu dién (Visual & Performing Arts) Cao ding Cong déng Portland Portland, Oregon Rebecca Gallagher Truéng khoa Truyén théng a phuong tién (Digital Media Communications) Trudng Katharine Gibbs New York, New York Kathrena Halsinger Khoa Nghé thuat Bai hoc Clark Vancouver, Washington Lindsey Rush Heuwetter Khoa Thiét ké 86 hoa Bai hoc Céng nghé Westwood Atlanta, Georgia Therese LeMelle Khoa Truyén théng Thi gid (Visual Communications) Trudng Katharine Gibbs New York, New York Janine Wong Dai hoc Massachusetts - Dartmouth Khoa Thiét ké B6 hoa ai hoc Nghé thuat Hinh anh va Biéu dién Dartmouth, Massachusetts, Tova Rabinowitz 2006 | Lol Tya | av CAU HOI VA GOP Y Delmar Cengage Learning va tac gia luén hoan nghénh moi cau hdi va y kién dong gép cla quy déc gid. Néu co bat cil dé xuat nao ma ban ‘gh s@ gilip ich cho ngudi khéc, hay cho ching tdi biét, ching toi sé 66 gang dua nhiing y kién 46 vao phién ban sau cla sach, Dé gili cau hdi va/hoae y kién dong gop, moi cac ban lién hé vdi nha xuat ban dn phdm géc qua dia chi: B6 phan Xuat ban - Trudng Bai hoc FPT Toa nha FPT Polytechnic, Duong Ham Nghi, KDT My Binh |, Tu Liém, Ha NOi ign thoai: (04) 7 305 1398, Email: publishing @ipt.edu.vn Website: fptbooks.vn Delmar Cengage Learning Executive Woods 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065 Nowbi nn: Nhém Thiét ké va Nohé thut Truyén théng (Media Arts and Design Team) 800-998-7498 Hoi lién he v6i tae gia qua dia chi e-mail: tovayeah @yahoo.com | Loi dé tang | Ma, Dad, Heidi, Dru, Al, Tim va Aaron than mén, cac ban da bién cudn sach nay thanh hién thyc bang sy hao phéng, long tét bung, kién nhan va trg gil chan thanh. Va dac bigt [a ban, Ma, Sy cham chi ca ban da gidp moi thi trd nén khac biét. That vinh dy va thd vi kkhi duoc lam viée voi ban. | Lich sit cia chit | +4 ye Muc tiéu bai hoc Nhan thic r6 méi quan hé phy thugc Kin nhau gida thiét k8, céng nghé va céc lye luong xa hoi Hiéu 16 stic Anh hudng manh mé cila chi déi véi van hoa nhén loai. Di theo sy phat trién ca typography (mén chi ting dung hoc) va cde phuong phap in &n xuyén suét chigu dai lich st. Tim higu y nghia lich st cla cdc phong cach thiét ké chi (type design style) khac nhau. Suy ng&m vé céc hé tu tuéng nghé thuat (artistic ideology) khéc nhau va ham ¥ typography cua chung. Téng hop cc thiét ké séng tao lay cm hung tls nhiing y tudng va hinh anh cia cae thai ky trude 46, Gidi thiéu Ng6n ngi viét (written language) la tac nhan khign cdc nén van héa cla van minh nhan loai phai trai qua nhiéu cudc bién chuyén manh mé trong suét hang nghin nam qua. Cac ue lugng chinh tri, xa hdi, hoe thuat, nghé thuat, am nhac, khoa hoc, ton gido va kj thuat déu bi dan dat va trai qua qué trinh chuyén di nho ngon ngit viét, ngay khi ngén ngd nay phat trién vuot ra khdi pham vi nhiing kinh nghiém va. thé ché néi trén cia loai ngubi. Xuyén sudt qua trinh lich st, sy phat trién ca cac tién bo céng nghé trd thanh dong co thuc day su phat trién cla typography dudi vai trd la mét céng cu va mét hinh thue thiét ké (design form). Cong nghé mdi luén truyén cm hing cho cde nha thiét ké khém phd ra nhigu kha nang méi, thach thule ranh gidi cla edu tric ngén ngit thi giéc hién tai, nh&m thé hién nhdng kinh nghi¢m dac biét ma ho tich Iby duge va 46 tao ddu an riéng ola ban than so véi cdc bac tién nhan. Theo truyén théng, typography (mén chd ting dung hoc) dugc dinh nghia la tinh vue nghién ctu, sif dung va thiét ké céc bé letterform (mat chil) gidng hét nhau lap 4i lap lai. Mac di typography phat trién tu céc chd viét tay (handwritten script) déc nhat v6 nhi, song sy phat trién cla cc céng nghé in 4n da lam thay déi manh mé ban chat clla truyén théng dang viét toi mic thuat ngii typography dude dua ra dé mé ta su thay ddi 46, Bat ké trong ding thé thc hay khéng ding thé thc, 6 dang hinh hoc hay hiu co, lon x6n hay sang rd, dac trung typography cila cdc typeface ludn dya trén kha nang tai tao cla chting. Tuy nhién, ngay c& dinh nghia nay cing dang bi thach thc, bdi su déi méi cla typography kj thuat sé gén day da thc day ranh gidi vé sU dung va thiét ké chi lén mot tm mic méi | Lich sa cia cha | Ee SU KHOI DAU CUA NGON NGO VIET lich st) cda cha bing vige | Ve thi ky nao 46 chua inh 6 ruse ram 3000 TCN, nguei Sumer sinh s6ng ti ving r hing ta #8 bat dfu tim higu | Nam 3000 TCN: Cha viét so khai cia ngudi Sumer khdo sat cée vét tich truyén | Ludng Ha (Mesopotamia) da biét ding nhiing chiéc bit rém od déu nhon (pointed stylus) tin con s6t lai cua nhan loai thué 48 v6 pctogram (chi tugng hin) len cdc tém dat st rung, nm tao ra nang ban ghi 0 Khel - nghé thudt hang dng | °%# HU div ede giao dich buen bn. Mot 38 tm dst ung ny hin vn cOnduge (cave art). Cac petrogiyph (tranh khac da) - hay cdn goi [a tée luu la, cung cp cai nhin sab vé ban chat cla qua tinh truyén thong ti gide 8:nhang ‘gud tao re chung. Khodng nam 2500 TON, ngudi Sumer d 4p dung ning cdi wién ‘cong nghé cing nhu khai nlém gidp vige viét chi tr® nén nhanh chéng va don gin hon, phém cham khdc lén da (rock Ho da xy dung duge mét hé théng cha viét hinh ném (cuneiform), sts dung mét chiée but engraving) va pictograph (chil vé tram hinh ném &n én dat sét bang céc nét (stroke) nhd (Hinh 1-2); nhiing déu higu nay hhinh) - hay con goil@ eh vé trén | rd than ideooram thay wi pictooram nhu truéc Biéu nay gidp glam bét 6 lugng ky hiéu 44 (cave painting) 6 dugc ngudi | cén ghinhd va dp dung hi vit. TU vic nghién cu ngén ng viét cha ngudi Sumer, ce tién sii dé lai trong cae hang déng nha khdo 06 hoc 06 thé phac hoa sy phat trién tu pictogram sang ideogram va cudi cing ti céch day hon 10.000 nam. Vao | I phonogram (cha tuong than) - nhgng kj higu tuong trung cho am thann. théi 46, ngudi tién sit 68 ding bat cu thi gi c6 thé lugm duge 48 ghi lal kinh nghiém cua minh, Ho tron Nam 3000 TCN: Chi hierogiyphics cia ngudi Ai Cap hing loai mau (pigment) c6 sn eee gE Ung thoi diém ngudi Sumer phat trién he théng trong ty nhién véi mé dong vat dé tao thanh son, ho&e khc cac hinh anh lén dé. Nhng du higu ma ngudi tién st tao ra kha da dang, ti hinh Anh tuong trung cho t6i ky higu triu tuong (Hinh 1-1). Cac déu higu nay d6i khi 6 dang pictogram —§ ——**_ {cha tugng hinh) - hinh anh duge | M&t tim dit st nang cia gin thé minh hoa cho tu cu thé, luc lai 8 dang ideogram (chi tugng cis dé, dsc tim thy 6 9) -hinh anh tugng trung cho kai Flo ht phi nam ving DagliCORBIS. nigm hoae ¥ tuéng. Cae phuong thie truyén thong thi gide (visual communication) thei tién sii nay duoc st dung nhu thé nao va mide d6 phé bién ra sao hign vn cdn la mot dn s6, bdi tat cA nhiing gi cdn sot Jai cho t6i nay chi la mot vai mau vat bén nat va 6 nhdng noi xa xéi nhat. ch viét cba minh, ngudi Ai Cap cling lam duge diéu tuong ty. Kho&ng nm 3000 TCN tré vé true, cha hieroalyphies (cha vidt tuong hinn) cba ngudt Ai Cap (Hinh 1-3) ban dau cting chi la céc pictogram, trai qua hon 3.000 nam tiép theo da dan phat trién thanh mot 16 hop phic tap gém pictogram, ideogram va phonogram, Hinh [1-2] aguas Sumner vai cc y tt hinh ném ghi chép s6 lugng inh [1-3] (Chi hieroglyphics iia ngudi Ai Cip, chi tit cAt ti cudn “Book of Dead (am dich: “Sich eda Ngudi chet’). Sandro Vannini/CORBIS. inh [1-11 Bitc ve hang déng thoi kj 46 da (paleoithic cave painting) dge tim thay 6 Lascaux. © Bettmann/CORBIS. ape Tei "Tent iu Cig ng Nam 1800 ToN ‘Nam 1500 To 4 \Vao thal 6 dai, nui Trung Hoa cing da phsttrién duge ngén ng viét va céc cong nghé hé tag st dyng ngén nga vist. Truyén thuyét Trung Hoa ké ring: Khong nam 1800 TCN, mot nud dan 6ngtén la Thuong Hit (Ts'ang Chien) 48 phat tin cAc ky higu cha vit oda minh, ly cém hung ti du chan va vét méng cia céc loai dong vat, chim mung. Ket qual, nghé thuatcaligraphy (c6 thé higu ngdn gon la thudt viét cha} Trung Hoa ra doi. Cac ky higu cha Thuong Hiet a nhing pictograph (chi vé inh) va logogram (du 6c kj) - ky hibutugng tung cho toa be met t, vi dy nhu , § hogc # da duc tru tucng héa. Logi mu vat lau dot nha ‘6 nghé thu8tcaligraphy Trung Hoa hién cbn uu ll la nhangloi“sdm mgd" (tn tr) dug khdc ‘trén xudng va mai rua dé ndi chuyén vdi cc bac t6 tién, céu xin sy may man. Ngoai ra, cdn c6 nhigu tng chang cho thdy ngudi Trung Hoa cf dal da vit len cdc 46 vat bing dng nhu tién xu, 66 chua va vO kh Ho cing da dung bat tre 68 vit lan vai t ya, len va thanh tre. \Vao khoing nam 1500 TCN, ngubi Phoenicia cing st dung mot bang chi cai nga am try tugng (abstract phonogram-based alphabet) cgém 22 kj ty (Hinh 1-8). Vi Phoecinia la mot trung tam giao thong quan trong, nén ngén gl nude nay da dugc céc thuong gia va du khach truyén ba ti nhigu ving dét khéc nhau. CCing thai diém nay, cae ngon ngd vit dua trén ngim kao cing dugc dua vao sit dung va phat rién tanh nhém ng6n nga Semit, bao gdm: Tiéng Do Thai (Hebren), tiéng Aramaic, ting Ai Cap 6 (Demotic) va téng A Rép. Hinh_ [1/4] Minh xuidng khie lt rng tdi nba Thuong (Shang Dynasty). © Bao ting Hoang Gia barig Ontario/CORBIS. Nam 2000 Tew: Gidy coi Nguoi Ai Cp 06 dai viét cha hieroglyphics bang cach sit dung duc knac lén da, song ho cing 4a biét ding bat long lam ti r8 cay 48 to mau cho céc ky ty tugng hin trén ning cent igu inn dong hon. Ngubi Ai Cap da st dung cay c6i gidy (Cyperus Papyrus) 48 tao ra oldy - chat ligu nay dugc gol la gidy c6i (papyrus), nhu minh hoa 8 Hinh 1-7. Mac Hinh [1-7] <8 ngues ta vn chua xéc dinh 6 thai dim sém nhat gidy c6i duce si! dung, song cdc {ai iu gidy c6i lau 461 nha cn Iai cho dén nay duge tao ra vio khodng nam 2000 TcN Miu gidy c6i cia Apollonios, mot vi quan cai quin ving Apollonopolites Heptakomias, Khodng nam 120 TCN. Anh do Thu vign Sich him, Ban théo va BO suu tip dae bgt cia Dai Fige Duke cung ip, | cHvone 1 | ‘Nam 1000 ToN Hinh [1-5] ‘Tam bia bing ving khic cic gj tu Phoenicia, thé kj 6 TEN. OArchivo Ieonografic, SAJCORBIS, \Vao khoéng nam 1000 TCN, gud Hy Lap d chap nhan bang chi cai nga am Phoenicia. Theo thai gian, ho d& sla ai bing cha ci Phoenicia cho phis hop v6i tiéng Hy Lap bang céch thay adi mot s6 phy arn va bé sung them ce nguyén am (Hinh 1-6). Hinh [1-6] Bia chi vit cia ngudi Hy Lap ¢6 dai & Delphi, Hy Lap, © David Elftro/Stockphoto, 4 |e si cia cha REC en ag Nam 100 row: Letterform cila ngudi La Ma phat trién Khodng nam 100 TON, agua La Maxam chiém Hy Lap. M@t trong nhing bau vat ma ngubi La Ma chiém duge la to8n bg cae thu vién cla Hy Lap. Anh hudng cia Hy Lap len van héa La Ma la rt ln, béi cd 46 tao tac (artifact) thuge nén Hinh [1-9] van héa Hy Lap bi ngudi La Ma Idy 4 8 doe HARD WERKE so, hoa van, thuyét minh theo khung re " “erevmienenseee | alain Mi kh nna HO. 15 cL Qenmen (25 Winston Tong I - 28 GERTRUDE SIE aires Nam 1985: Soan thao ky thuat sé Giga thap nién 1980, ngay cang cé nhiéu ngubi bat dau hiéu va biét céch st dung font theo cach ma chi nhing xudng dic, nha in va thg sp cha vao thai truée mai ¢6 thé lam duge. Hang Apple sl dung giao dién than thign WYSIWIG (‘What-you-see-is-what-you-get", nghia la “Nhing-gl-ban-thdy-14-nhng-gi-ban-nhan-dugc") trén may Macintosh cba Susan Kare, giao dign ngudi ding 46 hoa (graphic user interface - GUI) gidp vigc soan thao ky tnuat 6 (cigital composition) tr nén kha thi d6ivéi nguéi ding trinh dé trung binh. Bén canh dé, cée phan mém dé hga cing dude thuong mai héa, cho phép con ngudi thao tac, thém chia sng tc typeface theo phuong thic ky thuat s6 vd tc 45 tuyét voi $0 vdi vide dic cha truyén thdng! Nam 1985, AltSys phat hanh mét chudng trinh phdn mém thiét ké font tén la Fontographer, cing thai diém Aldus phat hanh Pagemaker - chuong trinh ché ban din ti than thign dau tién. Cac oi phén mém nay da dn dn sy phat trén cia v6 s6 chuong tinh d6 hoa dé sil dyng, vi tinh ning va kha nang gay cang mé rng dn ts cdc céng ty: Aldus Corporation, Adobe System Incorporated, Corel Corporation va nhiéu hang kn. Bu hap nin 1990, soan théo van ban kj thuat s6 gén nhu d& thay thé hoan ton phucng php ché ban {rn phim trong inh vue in én thung mai va cdc xudng tht ké chi Ky thuat 36 dt thanh chudin 42 | Uh si cia cha | Pen a Ve aCe) Bia ich do Charles Andeson ‘hit Ind 1989. Cun {clip an aa Anderson 12 rx tu ign rye quan ha gm ve thap len 1950 Ca as Nam 1985: Phong cach ban dia Khong nam 1985, phong céch thst ké ban dia (vernacular) xuéthign 6 My, sii dung rnhng du higu clung biéu tong th gidc quen thude ti lich sl va. van héa dai ching, rnhdm thu hit khan gia théng qua mét tinh than tri nghigm va hoa nhap chung, TW cdc yu t6 quang cao véi nhing séo ngi (cliché), thi ké bao bi hao nhodng va tham chigu hin nhién cho tice phong céch hign dai da 6 thoi cla thoi ky ddu du due ta sit dung, nhim tao ra mét ngdn ngU thi giée hai huéc mi, ton vinh nghé thuat dan ian & tém mi tri thi thép bang cach Khoi gol mot cach hai hude nhdng kj de tru mén ve

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