Sistem Informasi Geospasial SIG Partisipatif

(SIG) Partisipatif (Participatory GIS / PGIS)

 What
 Why
 How
 When

(Sumber: Trias Aditya) 2

Participatory GIS -- What? Key Concepts

• Public participate or get involved in data
acquisition and analysis processes using
GIS technologies and methods
• 3D model, maps, digital maps, web maps
are the proxy for facilitating public
participation in deciison-making or
problem-solving processes
Public Participatory GIS  The use of GIS technology
to stimulate/inspire/help public users (the community)
deal with their spatial-related neighborhood problems
(planning/problem-solving)
Bottom-up approach
Collaborative GIS  Approaches related to the
utilization of GIS technology for improved Group Decision
Making or Group Problem-Solving (=Group SDSS)
Top-Down approach

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Example: Neighborhood infrastructure development

Differences GIS vs. PGIS
Motivation
Sieber 2003:  Qualified public infrastructure
enables access & asset management
strengthens local/community development

 Troubled public infrastructure

 disables access & empowerment
 stimulate dissatisfaction/frustration  conflict

 Sound infrastructure planning & problem-

solving
requires local/community wisdom
needs to incorporate public participation &
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 Conceptual Approach

Intensity of Participation (participation ladder)

 Information sharing
(ex: abondant land)
 Consultation and mediation
(ex: needs exploration).
 Involvement in decision making
(interaction and joint analysis involving
community members and stakeholders)
 Action initiation
(ex: collaborative enviroment protection).
Disaster risk reduction, neighborhood infrastructure development (McCall 2004)
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Tujuan SIG Partisipatif

Adapun berdasarkan tujuannya, SIG P dapat dikategorikan
sebagai berikut (McCall 2004):
 Fasilitasi
Partisipasi dilaksanakan untuk mengenalkan dan
memperlancar program pembangunan yang akan
melibatkan komunitas masyarakat lokal.
 Pemberdayaan
Partispasi dilaksanakan untuk mendorong komunitas
lokal dalam menentukan keputusan dan
bertanggungjawab dalam berinisiatif , mendapatkan hak
kepemilikan, menyediakan akses terutama kepada
komunitas yang lemah dan tersisihkan.
 Kolaborasi dan Mediasi
Partisipasi dilakukan untuk menjamin kesinambungan
antara proyek dari luar komunitas dengan kebutuhan (Urban Fires 2008) (River flood 2005)
dan tuntutan yang ada di dalam komunitas melalui9 10
usaha diskusi dan analisis secara kolaboratif.

Participatory GIS – Why? Participatory GIS – How?

 Accomodating local-knowledge • User-generated data

 Accurate & sustainable planning • User-generated analysis
 Cost effective and efficient • Through participatory mapping and
 Level of detailed. analysis

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 Methods Methods
Paper maps MobileGIS

How it works:
Satellite imagery as background
Residents in a group reckon the rainfall
floods in their neighborhood
Group discusses problems, analysis, proposal
on a map (mapping)

Sharing Knowledge & Local Wisdom Through Maps

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Methods
WebMap Web Map
• User-generated data through web
Open Source Technology
Map interface: Google Maps API • Efficient and reach mass users

VGI: Voluntarily Geographic Information

Databases : MySQL
GIS Layers conversion: KML2SHP

Official spatial layers (e.g. landuse, infrastructure)

Participative layers (identification/analysis/proposal)  Threaded topic

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PGIS Map
types
Exploration (data perspective) /
Communication (group interaction
Synthesis and analysis (data perspective)/
Coordination (group interaction perspective)
…an example for a possible
More…
perspective)
Potential to Potential to Potential to Potential to Potential to be
facilitate explicit facilitate facilitate facilitate transfer used as decision
communication information shared (of idea and support
gathering access (to
tools, data,
and
informatio
n)
information)

scenario
Ground Group actions  Difficult Yes  Yes, but only for  Inaccurate and
maps related to spoken realization for limited participants Inoperative tool
messages, activity  Community data for decision-
gestural information, transfer to upper makers due to
communication overhearing level decision their
 Impossible to making is mostly vulnerability to
add spatial descriptive wind, animals,
layers and other
objects
Sketch Group actions  Difficult Yes  Yes, but only for  Inaccurate and
mapping related to spoken realization for limited participants Inoperative tool
messages, written overhearing  Community data for decision-
messages,  Impossible to transfer to upper makers due to
gestural add spatial level decision inconsistent
communication layers making is mostly spatial
descriptive reference
Scale Group actions  Geometric Yes  Yes, but only for  Generated
mapping related to spoken and property limited participants spatial
messages, written changes to  Community data representations
messages, spatial objects can be retraced and and attributes of
gestural are difficult transferred as GIS community data
communication  Unstructured layers can be used at
way for some extent
recording
deliberations
 Very limited
possibilities to
add spatial
layers
PGIS Mostly individual  Changes and Limited  Only for targeted  Spatial
Spatial use (Written additional (operated individuals in databases
analysis messages) information by trained group related to
are easily or experts)  Community data community data
gained but have been prepared can be easily
participants’ before hand used for
reactions and analysis
participants’
deliberations
are difficult to
be recorded
3D Group actions  Unstructured Yes  Yes, but only for  Generated 2D
modeling related to spoken way for limited participants spatial
messages, written recording  Community data representations
messages, deliberations can be retraced and and attributes of 17 18

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Contoh:

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Penutup
 Apakah dengan SIG Partisipatif dapat
memperdayakan masyarakat untuk
melakukan hal yang terbaik?
 Jika data telah dikumpulkan oleh pengguna
(masyarakat), selanjutnya apa yang harus
dilakukan?

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