Topic: Astrophysics

Name: ___________________________
Rizwan Ahmed
Test no.: 2
Marks obtained: /30
Date: 16/03/21
Class 9 Parent’s signature:
Duration: 40 minutes Subject: Physics

1. The diagram shows the orbits of some objects in the Solar System.

Pick suitable work from the list:

Comet, Galaxy, Planet, Star, Electromagnetic force, Frictional force, Gravitational force, Magnetic force

Planet
a. Path X is the orbit of a ________________ (1)
b. Path Y is the orbit of a ________________
comet (1)
c. The objects are held in orbit bygravitational
_______________
force (1)

2. The table below shows some data of earth and Mars.

a. Use the table to calculate the speed of Mars in km / day. (2)

Speed(v)=Distance(km)/time(day)
v=250000000/690
v=362318.84 km/day

Speed = _____________________
362318.84 km / day

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 b. The distance between Earth and Mars varies between 100 million km and 400 million km.
Explained why this distance is not constant.
You may draw diagram to help your answer. (2)

The two planet does not stay at a fixed position, rather they are orbiting. As the object orbits

the distance keep changing as both of the planet's orbital speed is different from one

another.

c. Visible light from Mars reaches the earth.

The speed of light is 300,000 km/s.
Show that when the planets are 170 000 000 km apart, it takes about 600 s for the light to
travel this distance. (3)
Ans- On the last Page**
3. The following table shows star classification and their corresponding colors. Fill in the missing
information with the correct star group and the color associated with it. There are six missing
information. (6)
Star Classification Colour
A white

M red
O Blue

K Orange
B blue-white
F yellow-white
G yellow

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4. What is the difference between apparent brightness and absolute brightness of a star? (2)
Apparent brightness is the brightness of a star from the perspective in earth. Absolute

Brightness is the brightness of a star if all the stars are kept at a same distance from the Earth.

5. The following is a HR diagram with missing labels. Complete the diagram. (4)

Super Giants

giants

Main sequence stars

white dwarf

6. Describe the different stages of a life of a low mass star. (5)

1) Clouds of particles are pulled together by gravity

2)The temperature goes really high and nuclear reaction starts

3)A stable period starts

4) Due to not having much fuel, for example hydrogen, the star expands to a much larger object,

It becomes a Red Giant.

5) The star then collapses and increases temperature, its core remains making it a white

dwarf.

6) The star cools down and then becomes a black dwarf.

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7. Describe the stages in a life of a massive star after its main sequence period. (3)
1) The star's fuel run out, for example hydrogen and grows a lot larger, it becomes a

Red Super Giant.

2)The star then explodes into a supernova releases a high amount of energy throughout the

universe.

3) If the core survives, it either becomes a black hole or a neutron star. If the mass of the

core was really high, it would become a black hole. If the mass was low, then it becomes a

neutron star.

2)c) Speed=Distance/time

Time=Distance/speed
s= 170 000 000km / 300000 km/s

s= 566.67s