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1.

 中国式商品的兴起:
中国人越来越喜欢中国风格和中国产品。
上述中美贸易战、美国国内动荡等政治因素,是近年来中国政治经济地位相对上升的原因之一。因此,一些中国人对
欧美国家及其品牌的仰慕程度有所下降,更多的是中国人对自己国家和民族的认同感以及由此产生的审美意识。
(Segre Reinach, 2012)同时,在时尚和美学方面,随着中国国力的增强和中国文化的输出,中国风格的时尚和设计越
来越 r

1. 中国风的商品的兴起

中国风与中国产品的越来越受到中国人的青睐。

由于上文中提及的中美贸易战以及美国内部的动乱等政治因素,以及中国近年来在政治与经济上的提升,
使得一些中国人对欧美国家以及这些国家的品牌的崇拜感减弱,也使得这个以集体主义为主的国家在最近
几年中所拥有的国家主义、民族主义、爱国主义者大量增加。中国人对其国家与民族的认同感的提升也带
动了他们对中国的美学与传统比过去更加认可。(???)

https://www.academia.edu/10137665/The_identity_of_Fashion_in_Contempo
rary_China_and_the_New_Relationships_with_the_West

同时,中国与(???)而在时尚与审美方面来说,随着中国国家实力的增长与文化的输出,使得中国风
范的时尚与设计越来越受到国际的认可。(???)

file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/25843668.pdf

以上这些原因都促成了中国人的思想转变,使得一些中国人对欧美产品的崇拜感减弱,而对中国风与中国
产品的认可度的提升。

1.中国风的商品的兴起:

中国风与中国产品的越来越受到中国人的青睐。

由于上文中提及的中美贸易战以及美国内部的动乱等政治因素,以及中国近年来在政治与经济地位的相对
提升,使得一些中国人对欧美国家以及这些国家的品牌的崇拜感减弱,也使得中国人对他们的国家与民族
以及其中产生的美学的认同感上升。

Segre Reinach, S. (2012). The identity of fashion in contemporary China and the new relationships with the West. Fashion

Practice, 4(1), 57-70.

同时,在时尚与审美方面来说,随着中国国家实力的增长与文化的输出,使得中国风范的时尚与设计越来
越受到国际的认可。

Yin, J. (2015, November). Fashion Design and Market Analysis of Chinese Traditional Clothing in the Information Era. In 3rd

International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics. Atlantis

Press.

以上这些原因都促成了中国人的思想转变,使得一些中国人对欧美产品的崇拜感减弱,而对中国风与中国
产品的认可度的提升。

1. Brand name
Brand name is an important element in building brand awareness.(Keller and
Jacob, 2011) A strong brand will make consumers trust its product quality
more.Such emotional trust and preference will make consumers willing to loyally
and repeatedly buy products of this brand name.(Fournier, 1998)
According to XXX, brand name is an important intangible asset of a company,
which reflects the company's value proposition (De Chernatony, 2010). It is also
used to maintain and strengthen the relationship between consumers and their
brands, products and services as well as their emotional connection with the
company.(Round and Roper, 2012)
The brand name with appropriate language and text can better trigger people's
association and deep thinking on the meaning of the name and the characteristics
of the product, so as to enhance people's memory of the brand name.This makes it
easier for people to identify such brand names from other brand names, thus
increasing the likelihood that consumers will buy their brand products and make
repeated purchases.(Lerman and Garbarino, 2002) (Hernandez, 2011).
At the same time, the brand name also affects consumers' emotions and reactions
to its related products.The influence of such emotions can amplify consumers'
feelings about the slight physical differences between products, and contribute to
the formation of product brand differentiation and personalization.(Halliday, 1996)
Generally speaking, a brand with a high level of personalization and differentiation
has relatively better authority and reputation in the market.This also promotes
consumers who believe that the brand's personality and image match their own
personality to be more loyal to using such a product brand to express themselves.
(Bozbay, and Ozkan, 2016).
品牌名称是建立品牌知名度的一个重要因素。(Keller and Jacob, 2011)一个强大的品牌会让消费者更加信任它的产品质
量。这种情感上的信任和偏好会使消费者愿意忠诚地反复购买该品牌的产品。(弗尔涅,1998)
根据 XXX 的观点,品牌名称是公司重要的无形资产,它反映了公司的价值主张(De Chernatony, 2010)。它也被用来维
持和加强消费者与他们的品牌、产品和服务之间的关系,以及他们与公司之间的情感联系。(Round and Roper, 2012)
恰当的语言和文字可以更好地引发人们对名称含义和产品特点的联想和深刻思考,从而增强人们对品牌名称的记忆。
这使得人们更容易从其他品牌中识别出这样的品牌名称,从而增加了消费者购买其品牌产品并进行重复购买的可能性 。
(Lerman and Garbarino, 2002) (Hernandez, 2011)。
同时,品牌名称也会影响消费者对相关产品的情绪和反应。 这种情绪的影响可以放大消费者对产品之间细微物理差异
的感受,有助于产品品牌差异化和个性化的形成。韩礼德(1996)
一般来说,个性化程度高、差异化程度高的品牌在市场上具有较好的权威性和美誉度。这也使得那些认为品牌的个性
和形象与自己的个性相匹配的消费者更愿意用这样的产品品牌来表达自己。(Bozbay, and Ozkan, 2016)。

2. Quality of products
It can be divided into product quality and service quality (Russell and Tavlor,
2006).According to Russell and Tavlor (2006) and Tjiptono (2008 cited Minar and
Safitri 2017, p. 44) point of view, the product quality of the product manufacturer
(d) rating needed by the product performance, characteristics, reliability,
consistency, durability, performance, beautiful, safe,They excel (Performance,
features, Reliability, conformance, Serviceability, Safety), etc. 
The performance and features of the products related to Sports Apparel and
Sports Shoes can be reflected in the physical characteristics and functional
attributes of the products. For example, the product texture, material, hardness,
weight, size, water resistance, air permeability, bouncing and antibacterial
properties of sports Apparel and Sports Shoes (Rahman, 2018)(Hoegg and Dahl,
2010).
The aesthetics of a product is also an important factor affecting consumers'
psychology and perceived quality.Different colors, shapes, images and other
features of products can predict and judge the attractiveness and quality of
people's vision to different degrees (Rahman, 2018).
Van der Laan et al., 2012).Past studies have shown that when the aesthetic effect
of a product matches with its function, a product that can give consumers more
visual and verbal stimulation aesthetically will have stronger visual appeal to
consumers and thus produce more positive emotional response.However, if the
aesthetic effect does not match the function, the effect may make consumers have
a more negative evaluation on the overall quality of the product (Hoegg and Dahl,
2010).
Consumers' perceived quality in a product is influenced by conformance of quality
characteristics of the product itself to the quality characteristics expected of the
product (Russell and Tavlor, 2006).When this consistency is low, the product is not
suitable for a consumer, the result may lead to the quality of this product can not
meet the needs of the customer's physical or psychological, such as if the size of
the product, size, material, performance is not suitable for to a consumer, affects
the reliability of the original product and the use of performance, reliability,
serviceability, even can produce health and safety hazards to the user (Rahman,
2018).

2. 货物的质量
它可以分为产品质量和服务质量(Russell 和 Tavlor, 2006)。根据拉塞尔和 Tavlor(2006)和 Tjiptono(2008 引用灯塔和
Safitri 2017, p . 44)的角度来看,这个产品厂家的产品质量(d)评级所需的产品性能、特点、可靠性、一致性、耐用性、
性能、美观、安全、他们 excel(性能、功能、可靠性、一致性、可服务性,安全),等等。
运动服装和运动鞋相关产品的性能和特征可以从产品的物理特征和功能属性中体现出来。例如运动服装和运动鞋的产
品质地、材质、硬度、重量、尺寸、耐水性、透气性、弹跳性和抗菌性(Rahman, 2018)(Hoegg 和 Dahl, 2010)。
产品的美学也是影响消费者心理和感知质量的重要因素。产品的不同颜色、形状、图像等特征可以在不同程度上预测
和判断人们视觉的吸引力和质量(Rahman, 2018)。
Van der Laan 等人,2012)。以往的研究表明,当产品的审美效果与其功能相匹配时,在审美上给予消费者更多的视觉
和言语刺激的产品,对消费者会有更强的视觉吸引力,从而产生更积极的情感反应。但是,如果审美效果与功能不匹
配,这种效果可能会使消费者对产品的整体质量产生更负面的评价(Hoegg and Dahl, 2010)。
消费者对产品的感知质量受到产品本身质量特征与产品预期质量特征的一致性的影响(Russell 和 Tavlor, 2006)。当这种
一致性低,产品不适合消费者,结果可能会导致该产品的质量不能满足客户的身体或心理的需要,比如如果产品的大小,尺
寸,材料,性能不适合消费者,影响原始产品的可靠性和使用性能,可靠性,可用性,甚至可以产生健康和安全危害用户(拉赫
曼,2018)。

3. Product price
Product price is one of the important factors that affect consumers' attitude
towards products.Because highly recognized and well-known brands enable
consumers to develop deeper emotional attachment and association to such brand
products, some consumers are inclined to believe that a relatively high price or
brand name product will have a relatively better product quality and value (Buil et
al., 2013) (Beneke et al., 2013).Product prices at higher levels have different effects
on people with different brand loyalty and price sensitivities.In general, consumers
with greater brand loyalty are more tolerant of price fluctuations of their favorite
brands (Krishnamurthi and Papatla, 2003).Therefore, stronger brands with a higher
percentage of loyal consumers also get a higher price premium.However,
excessively high price setting will lead some loyal but price-sensitive consumers
to reduce their purchase quantity or even choose not to buy the products of this
brand (Krishnamurthi and Raj,1991) (Raju et al., 1990).And, as a brand product
price setting is not fair and reasonable compared with other brands, consumers
are likely to produce the feeling of betrayal by the brand, make consumers may
through certain way (such as Posting the bad information of the product) to
destroy the reputation of the brand, make other consumers to the brand loyalty will
reduce.(Riquelme et al., 2019) Therefore, an appropriate price positioning can help
the company to maximize its earnings.
3.产品价格
产品价格是影响消费者对产品态度的重要因素之一。因为高度认可和知名品牌使消费者发展更深层次的情感依恋和协
会等品牌产品,一些消费者都倾向于相信,一个相对较高的价格或品牌产品将有一个相对更好的产品质量和价值(成矿 et
al ., 2013) (Beneke et al ., 2013)。较高的产品价格对不同品牌忠诚度和价格敏感性的人群有不同的影响。一般而言,
品牌忠诚度较高的消费者更能容忍其喜爱品牌的价格波动(Krishnamurthi 和 Papatla, 2003)。因此,较强的品牌,拥有
较高的忠实消费者比例,也会获得较高的价格溢价。然而,过高的定价会导致一些忠诚但对价格敏感的消费者减少购
买数量,甚至选择不购买该品牌的产品 (Krishnamurthi 和 Raj,1991) (Raju et al., 1990)。,品牌产品定价不公平合理与
其他品牌相比,消费者可能产生背叛的感觉的品牌,让消费者可以通过特定的方式(如发布产品的不良信息)摧毁品牌的声
誉,让其他消费者品牌忠诚度将减少。(Riquelme et al., 2019)因此,适当的价格定位可以帮助公司实现收益最大化。
品牌名称是建立品牌知名度的一个重要因素。(Keller and Jacob, 2011)一个强大的品牌会让消费者更加信任它的产品质
量。这种情感上的信任和偏好会使消费者愿意忠诚地反复购买该品牌的产品。(弗尔涅,1998)
根据 XXX 的观点,品牌名称是公司重要的无形资产,它反映了公司的价值主张(De Chernatony, 2010)。它也被用来维
持和加强消费者与他们的品牌、产品和服务之间的关系,以及他们与公司之间的情感联系。(Round and Roper, 2012)
恰当的语言和文字可以更好地引发人们对名称含义和产品特点的联想和深刻思考,从而增强人们对品牌名称的记忆。
这使得人们更容易从其他品牌中识别出这样的品牌名称,从而增加了消费者购买其品牌产品并进行重复购买的可能性 。
(Lerman and Garbarino, 2002) (Hernandez, 2011)。
同时,品牌名称也会影响消费者对相关产品的情绪和反应。 这种情绪的影响可以放大消费者对产品之间细微物理差异
的感受,有助于产品品牌差异化和个性化的形成。韩礼德(1996)
一般来说,个性化程度高、差异化程度高的品牌在市场上具有较好的权威性和美誉度。这也使得那些认为品牌的个性
和形象与自己的个性相匹配的消费者更愿意用这样的产品品牌来表达自己。(Bozbay, and Ozkan, 2016)。

4. Sales promotion
According to the research on promotion concept by Mihai-Bogdan and Marius
(2018), all promotion methods and techniques are related to advertising, sales
promotion, public relations and personal sales.(Advertising. Sales promotion,
public relations, and personal sales.) The purpose of sales promotion is to attract
new customers and persuade old customers to remain loyal to a brand product,
which plays a role in information exchange between sales companies and
consumers.(Mihai-Bogdan and Marius, 2018) At present, the means and content of
promotion are increasingly diversified.An attractive advertising can stimulate
consumers to have a deep impression on a brand, so that consumers are more
likely to choose this brand when consuming (Sabri, 2012).People of different
status of the same kind of media sources (such as newspapers, television, various
network platform) of advertising information will produce different trust and
preferences, but also the identity of the person of different media sources of
advertising also can produce different trust (Soh et al., 2007)) (Alalwan, 2018), so
the company in the spread of brand advertising needs to choose the right
communication means to influence their target consumers.
In terms of sales promotion, according to many studies made in the past, the
influence of sales promotion on consumers' preference for a particular brand may
be positive or negative (DelVecchio et al., 2006)(Kwok and Uncles, 2005).Because
the promotion could bring about utilitarian and hedonic benefits for the consumers
(Chandon et al., 2000), it could inspire consumers to a certain degree with
excitement and emotional mood, and thereby induce some consumers to purchase
more frequently a certain brand product in the short term (Honea and Dahl,
2005).However, on the other hand, promotional activities can also have a negative
impact on some consumers, making them increase their negative perception and
emotions towards financial risks and economic losses, thus reducing their loyalty
to the products.(Santini et al., 2015) At the same time, excessively frequent price
discounts may cause consumers to reduce the price they expect to pay for this
brand. Therefore, consumers who are still loyal to this brand may be reluctant to
purchase this brand product without discounts (Ferreira and Coelho, 2015).
4. 促销活动
Mihai-Bogdan 和 Marius(2018)对推广概念的研究表明,所有的推广方法和技巧都与广告、销售推广、公共关系和个人
销售有关(广告)。销售促进、公共关系和个人销售。 )促销的目的是吸引新客户,并说服老客户对品牌产品保持忠诚,
这在销售公司和消费者之间起到了信息交换的作用。(Mihai-Bogdan and Marius, 2018)目前,促销手段和内容日益多样
化。一个有吸引力的广告可以刺激消费者对一个品牌产生深刻的印象,从而使消费者在消费时更有可能选择这个品牌
(Sabri, 2012)。不同地位的人同样的媒体(如报纸、电视、各种网络平台)的广告信息将产生不同的信任和偏好,而且人的
身份不同媒体的广告也可以产生不同的信托(Soh et al ., 2007)) (Alalwan, 2018),所以公司在品牌广告的传播需要选择正
确的沟通方式去影响他们的目标消费者。
在销售促进方面,根据过去的许多研究,销售促进对消费者对特定品牌偏好的影响可能是积极的,也可能是消极的
(DelVecchio et al., 2006)(Kwok and 叔伯,2005)。因为促销可以为消费者带来功利主义和享乐的好处(Chandon) et
al ., 2000),它可以激发消费者在某种程度上与兴奋情绪和情感 ,从而引起一些消费者更频繁地购买某一品牌产品在短期
内(Honea 和达尔,2005)。但另一方面,促销活动也会对部分消费者产生负面影响,增加消费者对金融风险和经济损失
的负面感知和情绪,从而降低消费者对产品的忠诚度。(Santini et al., 2015)同时,过于频繁的价格折扣可能会导致消
费者降低他们希望为这个品牌支付的价格。因此,仍然忠实于该品牌的消费者可能不愿意购买没有折扣的该品牌产品
(Ferreira and Coelho, 2015)。

5. Store Environment
According to Li's environmental psychology, the environment can have a huge
impact on people's buying behavior.For physical stores, the external and internal
design of the store, the distribution, layout and presentation of the store
decorations and goods (Vieira, 2010), the information and price identification of
goods, as well as the adjustment of music, smell and light in the environment will
all affect consumers' perception and emotion of shopping experience.(Sivakumar,
2007) Such influences include influencing consumers' perception and judgment of
product value and fairness of product price, thus influencing consumers'
consumption intention (Babin et al., 2003).A pleasant consumption environment
can also make consumers willing to spend more time and extra expenditure
(Donovan et al., 1994), or pay more return visits to such consumption places (Ryu
and Han, 2011).The location of the store (such as the overall community
environment where the store is located and nearby transportation facilities) and
the supporting resources it can provide (whether it can provide convenient
parking, rest space and entertainment facilities) also affect consumers' shopping
intentions.(Paulins and Geistfeld, 2003)
Questionnaire Design
Paulins, V. A., & Geistfeld, L. V. (2003). The effect of Consumer perceptions of
Store Attributes on Apparel Store Preference. Journal of Fashion Marketing and
Management: Paulins, V. A., & Geistfeld, L. V. (2003).An International Journal. Pp.
831-832
Similarly, the web business environment.It has a great influence on consumers'
consumption decisions.Many past studies have proved that the online store
(online stores) of the color of the atmosphere and its web site and image, web
page design and layout, and the way the Internet product list displays, and
consumers to browse the web site of the feelings of smoothness and practical are
different degrees of influence on consumers' online shopping experience (Lee and
Rao, 2010) (2017) Ettis, (Jacko, 2007).Has a good network environment and
atmosphere of the online store, it is easier to evoke consumer pleasure and
enjoyment of emotion and attitude and to the network environment including the
credibility of network security (Lee and Rao, 2010), so the consumers will be more
willing to repeatedly to browse this web interface and buy products online store,
and they had no confidence in this online store sell brand products have a higher
loyalty (Wu et al., 2014).
5. 存储环境
根据李的环境心理学,环境可以对人们的购买行为产生巨大的影响。实体店的外部和内部设计的存储、分配、布局和
表示的存储装饰和商品(维埃拉,2010),商品的价格信息和识别,以及音乐的调整、嗅觉和光线的环境都会影响消费者的认
知和情感的购物体验。(Sivakumar, 2007)这些影响包括影响消费者对产品价值和产品价格公平性的感知和判断,从而
影响消费者的消费意愿(Babin et al., 2003)。一个愉快的消费环境也可以使消费者愿意花费更多的时间和额外的支出
(Donovan et al., 1994),或者更多的回访这些消费场所(Ryu and Han, 2011)。商店的位置(如商店所处的整体社区环
境和附近的交通设施)和它所能提供的配套资源(是否能提供方便的停车、休息空间和娱乐设施 )也会影响消费者的购物
意愿。(Paulins 和 Geistfeld, 2003)
调查问卷设计
Paulins, v.a. , & Geistfeld, l.v.(2003) 。 消 费 者 对 商 店 属 性 的 认 知 对 服 装 商 店 偏 好 的 影 响 。 《 时 尚 营 销 与 管
理》:Paulins, V. A., & Geistfeld, L. V.(2003)。一个国际期刊。831 - 832 页
类似地,web 业务环境。它对消费者的消费决策有很大的影响。许多过去的研究已经证明了在线商店 (网店)的大气和其
网站上的颜色和图像,网页设计和布局,和互联网产品列表的方式显示,消费者浏览网站的平滑度和实际的感受都不同程度
的影响消费者的在线购物体验(李和饶,2010)(2017)etti (Jacko, 2007)。有一个良好的网络环境和大气的在线商店,更容
易唤起消费者愉悦和享受情感和态度和网络环境 ,包括网络安全的可信度(李和饶,2010),因此,消费者会更愿意反复浏览
这个 web 界面和在线商店购买产品,和他们没有信心在这个在线商店销售品牌产品有更高的忠诚度(吴 et al ., 2014)。

6. Quality of service
According to the research of Dabholkar et al. (1996), the evaluation of service
quality is divided into five measurable dimensions, namely Personal Interaction,
Policy,Physical Aspects, Reliability and Problem Solving.
In Personal Interaction, the positive emotional experience (such as pleasure,
sincerity and respect) and negative emotional experience (such as neglect, anxiety
and anger) delivered by the service personnel will lead to the negative emotions
and evaluations generated by the consumers, which will be generalized to the
evaluations on the store and even the product brands sold by the store.(1998) Yoo
and images, and if a brand company policy can provide more human and physical
resources, enables service personnel to sincerely help customers to solve the
problem, they and their customers of empathy between psychological emotional
connection will makes the customer to the sales staff with its own brand stores
have more trust emotions and higher loyalty.(Wong and Sohal, 2003)
Network services in network platforms have a similar impact.When between
vendors and customers to the good faith friendly network communication (Koo
and Kim, 2013) (Liu and Hung, 2010), or can provide reliable operation and
payment systems, will increase consumers' online confidence and reduce their
risk of the payment security and food security, network, thus more willing to in this
website to buy the product.(Chang and Chen, 2008)
根据 Dabholkar et al.(1996)的研究,服务质量的评价分为五个可测量的维度,即个人互动、政策、物理方面、可靠性
和问题解决。
在个人互动,积极的情感体验(如快乐、真诚和尊重)和消极的情感体验(如忽视、焦虑和愤怒)交付的服务人员将会导致消
费者产生的负面情绪和评估,将广义上的评估商店甚至商店销售的产品品牌。(1998)Yoo 和图像,如果一个品牌公司的政
策可以提供更多的人力和物力资源,使服务人员能够真诚地帮助客户解决问题,他们与客户之间的移情心理情感联系会
使客户对销售人员与自有品牌门店有更多的信任情感和更高的忠诚度。(黄和索哈尔,2003)
网络服务在网络平台上也有类似的影响。当供应商和客户之间诚信友好的网络通信(古金,2013)(刘和挂,2010),或者可以
提供可靠的操作和支付系统,将会增加消费者的在线支付安全的信心和降低风险和粮食安全,网络,因此更愿意在本网站购
买产品。(Chang and Chen, 2008)

7. Style
Style refers to any unique design shape, way of cutting and sewing, and
appearance characteristics of clothing shoes and hairstyles (Dehghani, 2017)
(Gwozdz et al., 2017), as well as various ways of wearing and matching these
clothes by individuals (Lam, 2013).As clothes of different styles give people
different feelings, and thus influence others' opinions and attitudes towards those
wearing the style (Xiaofeng and Guolian, 2009) (Neinstein, 1985), therefore,
consumers have to wear clothes of different styles to reflect their status and social
needs that affect their interpersonal communication with others (Neinstein, 1985)
(Lertwannawit and Mandhachitara, 2012).On the other hand, people of different
ages, gender, social status, cultural environment and ideology have different
preferences for style of clothing (Gwozdz et al., 2017) (Kwon and Drayton,1987)
(Copsey, 2007).For example, young people are more likely than older people to
have styles that pursue fashion and styles that appear to be shapely (Brito et al.,
2015) (Alexander et al., 2005).Although Styles are related to fashion, they are
different from fashion because fashion trends change with the passage of time and
different Styles of dressing are popular in different periods (Cegindir, 2018).A
fashion trend is the result of social influence. It can also be a group of groups
expressing and communicating their personality, spiritual and political goals, as
well as the means to promote social change (Wilkins, 2008).Therefore, a company
that needs to promote brand loyalty needs to have appropriate styles to meet the
personal preferences and social needs of certain target consumers.

7. 风格
风格是指服装、鞋子和发型的任何独特的设计形状、剪裁和缝纫方式、外观特征(Dehghani, 2017) (Gwozdz et al.,
2017),以及个人对这些服装的各种穿着和搭配方式(Lam, 2013)。不同风格的衣服给人们不同的感受,从而影响他人的
观点和态度的穿着风格(Xiaofeng 国联,2009)(Neinstein, 1985),因此,消费者必须穿不同风格的衣服,以反映他们的地位和
社会需求,影响其人际沟通与他人(Neinstein, 1985) (Lertwannawit Mandhachitara, 2012)。另一方面,不同年龄、性别、
社会地位、文化环境和意识形态的人对服装风格的偏好也不同 (Gwozdz et al., 2017) (Kwon and Drayton,1987)
(Copsey, 2007)。例如,年轻人比老年人更有可能拥有追求时尚和看起来匀称的风格 (Brito et al., 2015) (Alexander
et al., 2005)。虽然 Styles 和 fashion 有关,但是它和 fashion 是不同的,因为 fashion trends 会随着时间的变化而变
化,不同时期流行不同的着装风格(Cegindir, 2018)。时尚潮流是社会影响的结果。它也可以是一组群体表达和交流他
们的个性,精神和政治目标,以及促进社会变革的手段(威尔金斯,2008)。因此,一个需要提升品牌忠诚度的公司需要
有合适的风格来满足特定目标消费者的个人偏好和社会需求。

Hypotheses
本文旨在分析影响购买运动服饰与运动鞋的消费者对李宁品牌忠的诚度的因
素。以下的七个假设是基于影响品牌忠诚的因素而提出的。

消费者 对李宁品牌忠的诚度 与 其产品质量存在显著正相关。


消费者 对李宁品牌忠的诚度 与 风格之间存在显著正相关。
消费者 对李宁品牌忠的诚度 与 品牌名称之间存在显著正相关
消费者 对李宁品牌忠的诚度 与 店铺环境之间存在显著正相关。
消费者 对李宁品牌忠的诚度 与 服务质量之间存在显著正相关关系。
消费者 对李宁品牌忠的诚度 与 促销之间存在显著正相关。
消费者 对李宁品牌忠的诚度 与 价格之间存在显著正相关。

Hypotheses
This paper aims to analyze the factors that influence the loyalty degree of consumers
who buy sports clothes and sports shoes to Li Ning brand.The following seven
hypotheses are based on factors that influence brand loyalty.
 There is a significant positive correlation between the loyalty of consumers to The
Li Ning brand and the quality of its products.
 There was a significant positive correlation between the loyalty of sportswear and
sneaker buyers to Li Ning and its style.
 There was a significant positive correlation between the loyalty of consumers to
The Li Ning brand and the brand name
 There was a significant positive correlation between the loyalty of consumers to
the Li Ning brand and the store environment.
 There is a significant positive correlation between the loyalty and service quality
of consumers who buy sportswear and sports shoes.
 There was a significant positive correlation between the loyalty of sportswear and
sneaker buyers to Li Ning and promotion.
 There is a significant positive correlation between the loyalty of consumers to the
Li Ning brand and the price.

Hypotheses
收入社会地(与收入,教育水平,职业有关)位中等的人  对李宁品牌的忠诚度更高

男人比女人  对李宁品牌的忠诚度更高

中年人对  对李宁品牌的忠诚度更高

Hypotheses
 People in the middle of the social scale (which is related to income, education
level and occupation) are more loyal to the Brand
 Men are more loyal to the Brand than women
 Middle-aged people are more loyal to the Brand

(16)
Chapter 1

Chapter 2 : Methodology
本研究在逻辑研究方法论上保留了不同的标准和准则。在本文的这一章中,我们将演示用
于推进这项研究的精确方法。

研究方法:
根据归纳法(induction)的定义可知,其是指通过观察特定的实例进而推理出一般性
的规律或者原则的方法。于此相反,演绎(deduction)的定义是从一般性的或者已知
的假设中推理出特定的结论。(Punch, 2013)本文中的前半部分主要是从统计结果上总结不
同人口学变量的中国消费者在品牌忠诚度的一般性规律,因此此部分为演绎法。本文
中的后半部分结果建立在有 7 个影响因素的品牌忠诚度的理论,因此此部分为归纳法。

定性研究与定量分析:
定性研究的最重要的作用之一是形成或归纳一些没有被充分定义化或概念化等现象,
从而形成新的理论与假设。而这些需要被概念化的理论与假设,都是需要经过数据收
集与分析之后才能推导出来的。定量研究则有一些不同。定性研究是从一些定义或概
念已经明确的理论中推导出一些具有因果关系的假设,然后通过大量的样本的统计分
析,从而研究在这某些情况下,这些假设是否成立(Morse and Mitcham, 2002) 。另一方面,
定性量析一般是对研究的总人口情况的行为和特征的一般性进行描述,而忽略个体的
详细信息。与此相反,定性分析的数据收集过程需要研究人员从一开始就以开放性的
态度进行收集与研究,因此往往会产生一些个体的详细信息与数据(Hyde, 2000)。

由于本文中四个箱图分析说明的前半部分推理出的理论是与概念化的理论结合所推导
出来的,因此本文前半部分采用的是定性分析。而文章后半部分用 SPSS 分析的部分是
从一个已经比较完整的理论框架中推论而出的,因此本文后半部分采用的是定量分析。

Theoretical Framework
Theoretical framework of a study is based on secondary data. Theoretical framework
is designed base on literature reviewed that provide full insight in understanding of
research questions and solving them (Collis & Hussey 2009). The theoretical frame
work of this research is as follows

理论框架
一项研究的理论框架是基于二手数据。理论框架是在文献综述的基础上设计的,这些文献
综述为理解和解决研究问题提供了充分的见解(Collis & Hussey 2009)。本研究的理论框架如

Table 3.2: Theoretical Framework


Diameter Description
Price Price is the money spent to purchase a product. When a customer
gets loyal to specific product, price does not obstruct him to
purchase but to create loyal customer a brand need to offer quality
product providing superior value for money.
Promotion Promotion is attracting customers towards a product using different
media of promotion. Attracting advertisement and attractive window
display in store promote a customer to purchase sportswear.
Style Visual appearance of a produce that creates affection to customers
influencing him to purchase is termed as style. In case of fashion
brand, different trendy, fashionable and flexible style with exclusive
attributes that suits best with consumers’ look are significant features
of styles that results in brand loyalty toward a particular fashion
brand.
Service quality Service quality refers to that service which meets customer need and
satisfies them. For providing quality service that create loyal
customers, Sportswear brand need to train sales personnel well who
should be eager to help customers, should be polite and friendly,
should pose sober appearance.
Store Store environment internal is layout of stores and facilities offered
environment by an entity that help to make customers to become loyal towards
specific brand. Store location, number of stores, interior design and
look, and in-store stimuli are significant components of store
environment influencing brand loyalty.
Product quality Product quality is features and attributes of a product or service that
has the ability to satisfy customers’ requirement. Product quality
that affects brand loyalty of Adidas customers includes durability
and performance of fabrics, colour, size, cutting, finishing,
functional quality, and comfort features of sportswear.
Brand name Brand name is the establishment and nourishment of identity, image,
and quality over the long period of time. Attributes of brand name in
case of Adidas sportswear includes good reputation, attractive brand
image, representation of personality and aristocracy and offering
high quality products at high price griping economics of scales that
ultimately results in brand loyalty.
(16)

Table 3.3: Demographic profile of the sample

问卷的设计:
Likert scale 常分为五点量表与七点量表( Schmee and Oppenlander, 2010),其可用来陈述被调查者的态度特征。

( Bourque, 1992) 其常用于营销策略消费者态度问题的测量中( Schmee and Oppenlander, 2010)。本文中采用了

Likert 五点量表,问卷中的主要内容改编自()与(),其中“1”表示“非常不满意”,“2”表示“不满意”,

“3”表示“中立”,“4”表示“满意”,“5”表示“非常满意”。

The Sample 与抽样方法:


样例与抽样方法:
本次研究数据的受调查的样本是从中国的湖南、上海、广东这三个省的靠商场的 3 个
居民楼中通过简单随机抽样(simple random sampling, SRS)的方式抽取出的。一共抽取了 150 个人
填写电子问卷,其中有效问卷为 144 个。

Demographic variables(人口学变量)
在被调查人群中。男性的比例占 59.7%,女性的比例占 40.3%,两者的比例约为 3 比 2。
一般来说,购买运动产品的消费者人群会以男性偏多,所以这样的性别构成是符合现
实情况的。

由于目前中国购买体育服饰产品的老人比较少,所以在被调查人群中,55 岁以上年龄
的人只有 9 个(其中 4 人退休)。其它四个年龄段的被调查人数相差不大,因此年龄
构成比较合理。同理,问卷所调查的五个收入水平的人数也比较均衡。

受调查者中只有 3 个人是高中教育水平,5 个是 college education。由于此次的调查地


点在大城市中心的高校旁,因此这里的群众受教育程度普遍偏高的现象也符合事实。
基于同样的原因,被调查的人口中正在进修的学生与在 state institution 中工作的人数
比较多 。

Question Categories Number Percentage

Male 86 59.7
Gender
Female 58 40.3

15 - 24 years old 43 29.9

25 - 34 years old 33 22.9

Age 35 - 44 years old 31 21.5

45 - 54 years old 28 19.4

55 years old and above 9 6.3

High school education and below 3 2.1

College education 5 3.5

Education Undergraduate education 76 52.8


level
Graduate education 46 31.9

14 9.7
Doctoral education or above

Income Below 3,000 yuan 18 12.5

3,000-5,999 yuan 29 20.1

6,000-8,999 yuan 31 21.5

9,000-11,999 38 26.4
12,000 yuan and above 28 19.4

A retiree 4 2.8

47 32.6
A student

A blue-collar, self-employed or service 8 5.6

Occupation workers

A white collar worker, a company manager 24 16.7

or a head of a company

A worker in state institution of health, 61 42.4

science and education or a civil servant

信度分析:

可靠性分析的作用是分析某一种研究方法产生的结果的可重复性 或者 此测量方法产生的结果在一段时间内的稳定性。
信度分析的常见方法包括计算 Alpha 信度系数。Alpha 信度系数应该在 0~1 之间。如果量表的信度系数在 0.9
以上,表示量表的信度很好;如果量表的信度系数在 0.8~0.9 之间,表示量表的信度可以接受。由于此次
研究的问卷中的关于 7 个影响因素的数据的 Alpha 信度系数和整个问卷的 Alpha 信度系数都在 0.8 以上,并
且其“Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted ”的数值都小于 7 个影响因素的数据的 Alpha 信度系数,所以本问卷的
可靠性比较高。

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha of the whole Cronbach's Alpha of each factor Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted
questionnaire
0.979 α1= 0.892 0.885

0.845
0.828
0.884
α2= 0.938 0.919
0.927
0.913
0.924
0.930
α3= 0.896 0.855
0.849
0.854
α4= 0.871 0.859
0.804
0.848
0.825
α5= 0.956 0.945
0.944
0.947
0.942
0.947
α6= 0.914 0.894
0.869
0.866
α7= 0.949 0.935
0.943
0.923
0.929

效度分析:

通过定量分析的有效性的定义可知,效度的作用是分析某个研究的测量方法 能否对研究对象进行测量,以及分析其测

量的方法是否准确。巴特利特球体检验和 KMO 值检验是进行因子分析前必须要做的检验。如果范围在 0 到 1 之间的

KM0 的数值大越靠近 1,且 P 值(Sig.)小于 0.05,则这些数据越适合进行因子分析。本研究对各影响因素和品牌忠诚

度进行因子分析的结果如下,因此本问卷的数据能够进行因子分析,且效度比较好。

KMO and Bartlett's Test


Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .952
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 4531.266
df 378
Sig. .000
(2)数据分析方法:

数据分析
描述分析是用来分析背景以及受访者的概况与他们的品牌忠诚度的评价。通过问卷收集的
数据,一般采用总量、平均值、频数和百分比等方法进行分析。采用均值分析和百分比分
析等频率分析来获得影响受访者品牌忠诚度的因素。

(2.1)Categorical data analysis

本文收集的人口学变量的 categorical variable 中包括名义变量(gender and


occupation)和有序变量(收入 and age (Agresti, 2003)。这些数据都用 categorical data
analysis 的方法,用 SPSS 软件将每一个种类的人口的品牌忠诚度的数据用箱图绘制
出来,从而比较与研究不同种类的消费者群体对品牌忠诚度的差异性。

(2.2)相关性分析

相关性分析与回归分析都能用函数公式描述各个数据里变量间存在的约束关系,它们
都有一定的预判数据的作用以及分析是否存在可能的因果关系的作用。

本文中用到的是皮尔逊相关性分析,其有反映两组变量之间的在具有 X 轴与 Y 轴坐标
上的线性变化关系的程度。皮尔逊相关性分析等于协方差与标准差的比值。其的公式可
以写作:
当 xi 与 yi 两个变量之间有相同的变化趋势时,则协方差 所得的数则越不趋近于
0,所以 0 表示两个变量不相关,值越大表示相关性越强。因此,协方差除以标准差后得到的 person 相关系数
的值 r 的范围为- 1 到+ 1,r 数值的绝对值越大,说明研究的两组变量间的线性关系越强。其中正值表示两组数据正相

关,负值表示两组数据负相关。

Archdeacon, T. J. (1994). Correlation and regression analysis: a historian's guide. Univ of Wisconsin Press.

当相关性分析中的 r 值比较大时,说明这几个变量组之间的相关性比较强,因此这几组
变量可以进行因子分析和回归分析。(Yong and Pearce, 2013)

本文用了皮尔逊相关性分析检验了理论中的 7 个影响因素与李宁公司的品牌忠
诚度这 8 组数据之间是否存在线性的相关关系。

(2.3)因子分析与回归分析

因子分析的目的是将几个含有大量数据的变量组通过降维的方法,找出控制这几个变
量组变化的关键的潜在的变量。(Carreira-Perpinán, 1997).从而,少数关键的潜在变量可以作
为公因子用来描述这几组变量组之间的数据关系。(Yong and Pearce, 2013)

而回归分析可以用来研究一个或几个的影响因素在作为自变量时与一个定量变量在作
为因变量时它们之间的函数关系。这种函数关系既可以时线性的,也能是曲线或者其
它类型的。(Cohen, et al., 2013) 在多元线性回归分析中,把因变量 Y 与一至多个自变量 X1
至 Xn 的函数关系写作:Y= b0 + B1X1 + B2X2 + ... + BnXn + ε

其中 b0 表示截距,ε 为残差的标准偏差,而 B1,B2,B3 ... Bn 分别为相对应的自变量 X1 至


Xn 的回归系数。其中如果回归系数的绝对值越大,说明这个影响因素自变量 X 的变动
对因变量 Y 影响越大。(Alexopoulos, 2010)

本文用了探索性因子分析,探测了本次调查问卷中测量 品牌忠诚度 的 28 个试
题的结果作为 28 个变量组 之间的数据关系,从而找到公因子,并比较公因子
与 7 个影响因素形成品牌忠诚度的理论从差异。然后将李宁公司的品牌忠诚
度的数据组与几个公因子的变量组进行的线性回归分析,进而了解影响李宁品
牌忠诚度的较重要和较不重要的影响因素分别是这 7 个因素中的哪几个,从而
对此公司以及其相关行业的发展给出一定的建议。
伦理考虑:
本研究的受调查者都是自愿参与研究的,同时本研究也 极为注意隐私与安全问题。在
本调查研究等问卷开头中就写明了对调查者的的数据与隐私是不会给分发调查调查问
卷以及分析调查问卷的以外的任何其他人的。同时,在问卷开头,也标明了问卷等大
致可能涉及的内容,从而使参与受研究者在填写问卷前会在心里提前做好准备,而不
会在填写问卷的过程中对问卷里可能突然出现的涉及的隐私问题的内容感到冒犯。

Limitation of sampling method and analysis method:

由于目前中国新冠疫情的原因,本文设计的调查问卷的分发方式是分发电子问卷。因
此,此次调查排除了 中国的不能填写问卷的消费者, 即中国的没用使用网络习惯的
消费者(尤其是老人与贫困人口)。同时,由于此次的数据采样的范围只涉及中国的
湖南、上海、广州这三个地区的使用如手机电脑等网络通信的消费者,因此从中国的
这三个省中抽取的数据难以代表 中国的其它 20 多个省的消费者数据情况 。另一方
面,根据 Mr Yong and Mr Pearce (2013) 的研究可知,在受访者的人数为所得到的
变量组的个数的 10 以上时,因子分析所得的结果才比较稳定。而因为本调查研究由于
时间以及资金的限制导致被调查的样本人数过少,只得到了 144 个有效问卷,因此基
于本次调查的数据所做的因子分析与回归分析,都难以得到准确可靠的结论。基于这
样的情况,本次研究没有做因子分析,而只做了回归分析来大概确认品牌忠诚度与 7
个影响因素之间可能存在的数据关系。因此本实验还需继续进行扩大取样数量与范围
的深入研究。

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