TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02jj020)

DOI MOfI SANG TAO - TRIET LY CtfA NEN GIAO DUG VIET NAM
TREN CON DUOTVG THAY DOI, PHAT TRIEN, VlTOT QUA THACH THlTC
CUA CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP 4.0
• H 6 Ba Tham"
Tom tat
Xd hoi trong ky nguyen cua Cdch mang cong nghiep 4.0 (co the goi xd hoi 4 0) co cdc dac diem
phi truyen thong md de huong tai cdn co mpt triit ly hanh dong la doi mai sdng tgo. Gido due doi mdi
sdng tgo - mot tnet ly, mot gid tn co bdn dang huong toi se tra thdnh siec song cua nen gido due va dao
tgo Viet Nam ngdy nay (Gido due 4.0). Nguon luc con nguoi se quyit dinh thdnh bai thuc hien Cach
mang cong nghiep 4 Ova dao tao chinh la chia khoa Nhung de di din mo hinh gido due - ddo tgo 4.0
(mo hinh gido due thong minh) thi con nhiiu thach thitc to Ion. O do can nhanh chong nghien cim, dp
dung mo hinh gido due 4.0 trong gido due dgi hpc. Di vugt qua thach thitc, cdc chii the phai thuc su
ddi moi sdng tgo, tit do tgo dung mo hinh gido due - dao tao 4 0 Bdi viit tdp tnrng bdn ve gido due dgi
hoc trong Cdch mang cong nghiep 4.0 voi triit ly ddi moi sdng tgo.
Tie khoa. Gido due, ddo tgo, triet ly, ddi mai, sdng tao, Cdch mgng cong nghiep. 4.0, thdeh thitc,
thdng minh
I. Nhu cau va ddi hdi cua Cach mang cong thay doi. Rubaneswaran (Malaysia) thiranhan rang,
nghiep 4.0 doi voi giao due - dao tao do se khdng phai la mpt qua trinh de dang, vdi
1.1. Dac diem trong ky nguyen ciia Cach nhiing thach thirc chinh la van boa noi lam viec
mang cong nghiep 4.0 (co the goi xa hoi 4.0)® va thay doi phuang thirc quan ly, Tuy nhien, dug
nhan manh rSng hau het cac nude se tien tdi cong
- The gidi duoc ket noi va trao ddi th6ng tin
nghe 4.0, do do Malaysia can thay doi cang nhanh
qua Intemet/wifi vdi nhau ke ca vdi con ngudi.
cang tot. "Myanmar, Thai Lan va Viet Nam se vuot
Robot se la ban ddng nghiep chu khdng cdn la
len trong eupc choi. Thai Lan cd mot khuon kho
cong cu giiip viec.
chinh sach 4,0 va ciing nhu Viet Nam, dd la mpt
- Cong nghe thuc te ao dang xda dan ranh gidi qudc gia ndng nghiep, se de dang chuyen ddi sang
giira the gidi that va the gidi ao. Toe do tinh toan nen san xuat 4 0 so vdi Malaysia, noi van cd nhieu
ngay cang tang nhanh, cac he thong thuc te ao ngay he thong d mire 2,0 va 2 5" [10]
cang giong that
Nhu mot ti^n trinh tat yeu, cuoc each mang
- Tat ca mgi cong viec cd the hoan tat bdi cac cong nghiep (CMCN) ma chimg ta dang trai qua
he thong thdng mjnh hay robot deu se duoc thay dugc thiic day bdi cac tien bd bao gom 4 yeu to:
the. Cac he thong thdng minh va robot se cd kha san xuat thdng minh, robot, tri tue nhan tao va
nang quyet dinh, hanh dong doc lap va tu dong Internet van vat (loT) Keo theo dd la 5 xu hudng
de hoan t^t edng viec giao phd nhanh chong, Con san xuat trong tuong lai: Cong ngh? san xuat 360°;
ngudi chi can thiep khi cac he thong thdng minh Cong nghe in 3D; San xuat tren he thong tu dong,
nay khdng cd kha nang quy el dinh ma thoi (entical, Xay dung cae nha may thdng mmh - sir dung cong
bad and ill-defined situations). nghe dien toan dam may, Su len ngdi cua robot,
- Cong nghe se giiip con ngudi sdng lau hon nhimg van do con ngudi dieu khien
va chat luong cuoc song ciing cao ban do dd nhu
Trong dieu kien thue tien hien nay, nen kinh
cau phuc vu ciing se tang theo te Viet Nam dang phai chay hai toe &Q. Mot mat
So vdi qua khir, tap quan cua con ngudi ngay theo toe do cua nen kmh te tri thirc thdi dai CMCN
nay ciing da thay doi nhieu va tuong lai se cdn nhieu 4.0, mat khac theo toe dd thuc hien giam ngheo va
phat trien loan dien, giu 'viing on dmh - nhat la d
•' Vien Giao due \a Phat Uien nhan luc A Chau khu V' UC n6ng th6n, ndng nghiep lac hau Keo theo

16
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020)

giao due nghe nghiep ndi rieng va giao due - dao dao nguon nhan luc cd kien thirc toan dien tir sir
t^o ndi chung phai cd giai phap hai toe do tuong dung den nghien ciru phat trien cae robot va cac
img, de cung cap ngudn nhan l\rc dap img va giai ling dimg lien quan.
quyet ddng thdi hai van de co ban sau' Chinh thuc te dang dien ra ciia cuoc CMCN
(1) Giai quyet nhiing thach thirc hen quan den 4.0 ddi hdi phai doi mdi sang tao - mpt tu duy mdi
kinh te, xa hdi va mdi trudng cdn ton dpng hien lam CO sd cho chien luoc va chuong trinh hanh ddng
nay nhu: ty le lao dpng nong thdn, ndng nghiep mdi ciia nen giap due - dao tao nude nha.
cdn cao (chiem khoang 70% dan sd). Chinh phu 1.2. Doi moi sang tao - tir khai niem den
phai cd ke hoach chuyen doi mo hinh kinh te phat triet ly pho quat mang tam thoi dai
tnen ben viing - img phd vdi su bien doi khi hau,
Doi mdi sang tao la khai niem de cap nhieu
xda ddi giam ngheo.
trong thdi gian vai nam gan day, Trudc day chi ndi
(2) Nhanh chong tan dung nhirng ca hpi vang doi mdi, sang tao nhu hai khai mem rieng bi^t dii
ciia dat nude va the manh cua Viet Nam de dot pha it nhieu cd lien quan, cdn bay gid la mpt tir ghep'
vugn len tam quoc te, •vuot len nhiing thach thiic doi mdi sang tao, hay, ddi mdi - sang tao.
mdi, vdi ddi ngii lao dong cd kinh nghiem - trinh
Vi doi mdi la thay eii bang cai mdi tir cai cu
do dang cap quoc te trong cac ITnh vuc cd ling
vdi cae cap dp khac nhau, sang tao nhat dinh la bao
dung cdng nghe mdi, hien dai - theo dac trung cua
ham ddi mdi, dii sang tao khdng chi la ddi mdi eai
cuoc CMCN 4.0, lam tien phong thiic day dua dat
eii ma edn la eai hoan toan mdi. Tuy nhien, cac
nude di len, trd thanh qudc gia khdi nghiep, tien
dan tgc khac nhau trong bang gia tri sang tao thi
hen, hien dai
coi trgng khac nhau ca trinh nhan thirc va hanh vi.
Xay dung duoc luc luang phat trien khoa hoc () My, sang tao la gia tn dau tien trong bang gia
dii lieu va sir dung dugc khoa hgc du lieu rong rai se tri dat nude dimg hang dau ve phat mmh va sang
cho phep ta "thu hep khoang each so" trong nhieu tao. Hay Israel la dan tgc luon Iu6n danh gia cao su
linh 'VUC, CO the tao ra su dot pha cho nhu eau phat phat minh, su sang tao va la dat nude ed ti le phat
trien ciia dat nude Viec lam chii duac cdng nghe minh sang tao khoa hoc rat cao. Cdn Viet Nam, gia
so ddi hdi dau tu hieu qua cac nghien ciru co ban va tn sang tao nam gan cuoi trong bang gia tri Viet va
nghien cim img dung chpn Igc, can rat nhieu thay thuc te su phat minh, sang tao cdn rat khiem tdn dii
doi d cac vien - trudng va doanh nghiep, duong cd liie, cd ngudi ciing ndi rang tu duy tri tue Viet
nhien ca d each lam cua nha nude. Cd mot luc khdng he thua kem tri tue dan toe nao Chac la ndi
lugng chuyen gia ngudi Viet ve hpc may va khoa vS tiSm nang chang? Cung khdng dimg, vi danh
hgc du lieu ciing nhu rat nhieu ngudi Viet tre cd sach 25 quoc gia cd IQ cao nhat thi khdng c6 dan
kien thirc va ky nang trong cac linh nay dang lam tgc Viet [7], Nhu vay cung can nhin nhan thuc te
viec d ngoai Viet Nam Ket noi duoc luc lugng nay gia tri va hem nang sang tao cua dan toe Viet, tri
vdi trong nude la mot dieu rat can lam [2], tue ciia dan tgc Viet d mite nao'^
Vdi xu the toan cau hda, su phan cdng lao Trd lai khai niem doi mdi sang tao, la mot
ddng trong chudi cung san pham va djch vu tren tir ghep bao quat ca hai ndi ham doi mdi va sang
the gidi da khdng cdn gidi ban dia ly, Co hgi cho tao tiiy theo hen trinh thay ddi, phat tnen, Nhung
mdi ca nhan, to chirc cd the tham gia vao eac cong vi sao nd lai xuat hien liic nay'^ Theo chimg tdi,
viec tren the gidi ia binh dang cho moi ngudi, la tinh hinh the gidi, toan cau cd nhimg thay ddi
moi dan toe va mpi quoc gia Vi vay, vdi bdi canh mang tinh budc ngoat Idn, dudi tac dong nhieu mat
robot se la trung tam cua eupc CMCN ke tiep sau nhung dang ndi nhat la vdi eupc CMCN 4.0 dang
PC - Intemet cua the gidi trong vdng 20 nam nua, tao ra mot khdng - thdi gian hoan toan mdi, loai
Viet Nam khdng the bd lo co hdi nay nhu vdi may khdng - thdi gian ao, khong - thdi gian thdng minh
VI tinh PC 30 nam trudc De dat dugc dieu nay, cho su phat tnen tren toan cau ciing nhu mdi quoc
chiing ta phai cd nhirng dinh hudng ngay tir bay gia dan tpc ma Viet Nam ta khdng ngoai le. Bay
gid nhu: Ve dao tao, can tap trung phat trien ddng gid, nhat la ve mat tu duy phat trien khi ap dung

17
TRUdNG DAI HOC D 6 N G THAP
cong nghe hien dai tir CMCN 4 0, khdng chi la
ddi mdi ma chii yeu bay gid la sang tao vdi tu duy
va hanh ddng phi truyen thong, khong tuan tu, rat
nhanh, dirt khoat, neu khdng se lac hau va bat ra
ngoai con tau va xu hudng phat trien chu dao cua
the gidi ngay nay
Tir dd ddi mdi sang tao trd thanh nguyen ly,
triet ly chinh yeu, mot gia tn cot loi hang dau ciia
triet ly, tnet hoc phat trien ngay nay se dmh hudng,
chi dao moi mat ciia ddi sdng xa hdi tir kinh te,
chinh tri, xahpi van hda, giao due
Vdi y nghTa ay nen giao due Viet Nam ngay
nay, trudc het phai la mot nen giao due doi mdi
sang tao.
1.3. Giao due doi moi sang tao - mot triet ly co*
ban cua nen giao due va dao tao Met Nam ngay nay
Ta biet tnet ly eo ban nen van hda Viet Nam
mdi la khoa hoc, dan tgc va dai chimg, hay la tien
tien dam da ban sac dan toe, Khoa hgc nhu la mot
thuoc tinh ciia hien dai, hen tien, vay tinh nhan ban,
nhan van thi sao. Cdn nen giao due Viet Nam, tir
thdi Viet Nam dan chii cong hda cho den thdi doi
mdi hdm nay thi triet ly co ban la gi van dang c6n
tranh luan va y kien cung cdn khac nhau ca ngi
dung va each tiep can [12],
Thdi Viet Nam Cong hda trudc nam 1975, nen
giao due cua hp liic dd la "nhan ban, dan tgc, khai
phong" [4] da de lai dau an trong lich sii van hda
cua nen giao due nude Viet Nam.
Cd hai cap do ve tnet ly giao due, cap dp tdng
quat, CO ban nhu nhan ban, dan tgc va khai phdng;
va d cap do cu the ban, nhu hpc di ddi vdi hanh,
phat tnen con ngudi toan dien, tien hoc le hau hpc
van. .; hay hoc de biet, hpc de chung song, hpc de
hanh..., hay hgc de nang cao gia tri ban than (nang
luc va pham chat) .[11]
Ngay nay, xet d cap do co ban khi neu chii
truong ddi mdi toan dien va co ban hay ddi mdi ca
ban va toan dien nen giao due - dao tao, ciing tiic la
tao nen mot nen giao due hien dai, dan tgc va lanh
manh (theo Td Duy Hgp: Tam hda: hien dai hda,
dan tdc hda, lanh manh hda (ndi lanh manh hda vi
ndn giao due dang bi nhieu tri tre va tieu cue, tire
khdng lanh manh ,.), nhan van.
Nhimg hien nay, theo chimg toi ddi mdi sang
18
Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020)
tao nhu menh lenh cua eupc song, trong do vira
CO ban vira cap bach doi vdi nen giao due nude
nha, nhat la do ddi hdi cua CMCN 4,0. Han the
niia, doi mdi sang tao la triet ly co ban cua nen
giao due Viet Nam ngay nay trong tien trinh thay
doi va phat trien. Tire nd tro thanh yeu cau, ngi
dung, pham chat ciia nen giao due mdi. Cho nen,
trong tien trinh eai t&o, xay dung mdi ay, ciing
nhu trong qua tritih phat trien tham dam trong tam
chien luoc va chuong trinh hanh dpng ey the, ca
ve mat lanh dao, quan ly, quan tri, mat npi dung
chuong trinh va phuong thirc, phuang phap la phai
ddi mdi sang tao cho phii hap vdi thdi each mang
so hda va tri tu? nhan tap, nhat la tir CMCN 4,0
va tiep theo nira.
Tnet ly, tnet hpc cua thdi ky so hda va tri tue
nhan tao, dd la hen ket van vat mang thdng mmh;
la thdi ky len ngdi eiia the giai ao chi phoi hoat
ddng con ngudi trong san xuat va giao thuong xa
hdi, va bang trao doi ket noi thdng tin thdng minh,
la thdi ky tri tue nhan tao, ngudi may, hpc may
thay the nhieu phan viec mang tinh logic ly tinh
ciia con ngudi, canh tranh vdi con ngudi vdi hieu
suat cdng viec rat cao, la thai ky chuyen tir cdng
nghe la trung tam sang thdi ky con ngudi va hanh
phuc ciia con ngudi la trung tam (xa hpi 5.0, theo
chu truong ciia Nhat Ban), cd su hai hda giira yeu
to khoa hgc, cdng nghe va nhan van mdi la muc
tieu cao nhat
Vi vay triet ly, triet hoc cua thdi ky/ ky nguyen
sd hda va tri tue nhan tao, CMCN 4.0, rdi 5 0 hay
6,0 [15] laeosdly luan co ban nhat, true tiep nhat
cua nen giao due - dao tao Viet Nam ngay nay ca
trong thay doi, xac lap, t£io dung va phat tnen.
M6t nen giao due doi mdi la can thiet nhung
khdng du ma cdn phai la mpt nen giao due sang
tao Nen giao due sang tao se gan hen vdi nen giao
due khai phdng®, dan chii va tu do.. Tat nhien nen
giao due vdi dinh hudng triet nhan van (nhan van
chir khdng chi nhan ban hay nhan dao), giau ban
sac dan tpc la rat co ban.
Mdt nen giao due - dao tao tien tien, hien dai,
trudc het phai tham nhuan va thuc thi triet ly doi
mdi sang tao tir muc heu, phuong hudng, md hinh,
den quan ly va ndi dung chuong trinh cung nhu
phuang thirc, phuong phap giao due, tu giao due.
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP
dao tao, tu dao tao. Tire la phai khac phyc ca su tri
tre bao thu, giao dieu, lac h^u va ca su ndng vpi,
thieu can cir khoa hgc va thuc tien bSng tu duy va
hanh dong doi mdi ma cao ban nira la sang tao, tao
nen su mdi me, phi truyen thong, phi tuan tu, tao
sir khac biet, tham chi chua timg cd thi mdi phu
hap vdi nen giao due cdng nghe so hda, tri tue hda
tren dudng hudng tdi tuong lai. Cd nhu vay, nen
giao due khdng chi tien tien hien dai ma cdn nang
dgng lanh manh hoa ay mdi khdng chi tuong ddng,
phii hgp ma cdn di trudc tao tien de cho nen kinh
te, nen chinh tri, nen van hda xa hdi, nen giao due
so hda, tri tue hda vdi hinh thai CMCN 4,0 dang
den va hien hiru.
2. M^t so thach thuc cua nen giao due Met
Nam trutrc cuoc CMCN 4.0 can vufft qua
2.1. Giao due 4.0: Nguon lu-c con ngu-oi se
quyet dinh thanh bai thyc hien CMCN 4.0 va
dao t^o chinh la chia khoa
Giao due 1.0: Hoc sinh muon hgc phai
den trudng;
Giao due 2.0, Dugc danh dau bdi viec
diing mang;
Giao due 3.0: Phuc vu cho nen kinh te tn thiic
(hien tai),
Giao due 4.0: Phuc vu cho nen kinh te sang
tao [14]
Qua nghien ciiu sau ve cac dae diem ciia Giao
due han lam 4 0 cac nha khoa hoc giao due Tay Au
cd mot so ggi y de xuat nham dat thanh cong trong
thu nghiem dao tao sinh vien cho tuong lai nhu
Mpt la, do phiic tap eiia the gidi "ben ngoai" phai
dugc phan anh trong moi binh dien edng tac dao
tao bSng xay dung chuan hda, va chuan hda phai
di ddi vdi dan gian hda. Hai Id, de tao ra su khac
nhau can thiet ciia qua trinh hoc dai hoc, phai dua
tren cac nang luc tu to chiic cua ca ca nhan lan tap
the sinh vien (td, nhdm, Idp); ma dieu kien tien
quyet cho phat tnen nang lire do la smh vien phai
xac dinh dugc muc dich hoc eiia rieng hg. Giao
vien cd the bd trg qua trinh nay bang each khuyen
khich sinh vien tap trung vao 2 tieu chi. tai nang
va myc dich rieng de hg cam ket va thda man vdi
viec hgc. Ba la, cae thach thirc tuong lai la tinh lien
mon va xuyen suot cac mon hoc tang len Phai thay
Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020)
rang hang loat mdn hpc, nganh hpc ngay cang trd
nen loi thdi. Cai ma sinh vien can la each nhin cau
tnic tong quan ve -viec hpc de tich hgp kien thirc
dugc thudng xuyen tich luy. Bdn Id, qua trinh hoc
ca nhan can cd each trac nghiem ca nhan Nam Id.
thdng tin can cho sinh •vien dang ed san rat nhieu
d khap noi (sach, bai bao, tap chi, blogs, MOOCS
...) Thach thirc la lam sao giiip hg sir dung cac kha
nang mdi nay, Sau la, dac biet, hpc (leaming) la
mpt hoat dpng xa hgi, Khai niem E-leaming dang
chet va duoc thay the bang "Chiing tahoc suot ddi"
(Long live WE-leammg) Phai md toang khudn
vien nha trudng de mdi moi sinh vien su dung
khdng gian nay lam cho gap mat, do sire, thao luan
va giao luu Can tao ra cac bdi canh xa hdi thich
hgp va dan chii hem de smh vien tranh luan ve eac
van de cd thue trong eupc sdng lien quan den hg,
Bdy Id, viec chuyen giao kien thirc theo each doe
thoai giiia thay vdi trd khdng tao ra dugc gia tri gia
tang, Cach giang bai truyen thdng kem hieu qua
hon so vdi cae hinh thirc hpc tich cue. Mdi trudng
xung quanh rat quan trpng cho cac qua trinh nh|n
thirc nen kha nang thiet ke va bd tri cac khdng gian
lam viec rieng cho sinh 'vien se md ra loi thoat cho
phong each tu duy mdi [1].
Theo cac chuyen gia, trong the ky XXI se cd
nhiing xu the ve viee lam, tuyen dung va dao tao sau,
(1) Tir san xuat hang loat sang san xuat hang
loat theo don dat hang;
(2) Tir ngudi lao dpng phuc vu may va e6ng
cu sang may va cong cu phuc vu ngudi lao ddng
(robot se lam thay the phan Idn ngudi lam viec),
(3) Tir lao ddng thuc hien nhiem vu mpt each
lap di lap lai sang lao dpng img dung tri thirc;
(4) Tir lay von lam trpng sang lay tn thirc
lam trong,
(5) Tir lay von lam dau sang lay tn thirc lam
dau khi khdi nghiep sang tao;
(6) Tir ky nang tay chan sang ky nang tu duy,
(7) Tir viec lam truyen thong sang viec
lam xanh;
(8) Tir tim viec lam sang tu tao viec lam va
khdi nghiep sang tao;
(9) Tir tuyen dung da qua dao tao sang tuyen
dung c6 the dao tao duac;
19
TRUdNG DAI HOC DONG THAP
(10) Tir dao tao dua vao ndi dung sang hgc de
hgc tiep (hpc tip suot ddi),
Cac quoc gia phai het sire chii trpng dao tao
cdng dan toan cau va tao co hdi viec lam. "Neu nhu
trudc day trpng tam ciia giao due la e6 viee lam,
tao ra kien thirc, thi nay phai la sang tao va kien tao
gia tri. San pham cua giao due nhiing nam trudc la
ngudi lao dong c6 ky nang, cd kien thirc hay cao
hon la ngudi tao ra kien thirc thi sap tdi phai la
nhiing nha sang tao va nha khdi nghiep", Ong Ho
Thanh Phong, Dai hpc Quoc te (Dai hoe Quoc gia
Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh) da dua ra giai phap trudc
mat, vdi cdng tac dao tao, tat ca chirc nang phai
dugc so hda, tich hgp va lien ket bang cdng nghe.
Mdi trudng phai vach ra chien luge img phd vdi
CMCN 4.0 vdi timg mire do uu tien, dua ra cac de
an thi diSmva xac dinh cac nang luc caned [17],
"Den thdi cdng nghiep 4 0, cdng viec ciia
ngudi lam nhan su da rat khac Ngoai tim kiem tai
nang, phai hgc each de giir ngudi tai, quy hoach
ngudn nhan luc lam sao phii hgp vdi dinh hudng
kinh doanh cung nhu van hda ciia edng ty; lam
nhan su phai tu duy theo kieu kinh doanh, ciing
phai hoan thanh muc tieu kinh doanh ma edng ty
de ra" (Vo Dire Tri The, Giam doc dao tao Trudng
Doanh nhan PACE)
Phd giao su, hen sT Dinh Dire Anh Vii, Trudng
Ban dai hoc - Dai hoc Quoc gia Thanh phd Ho
Chi Mmh, cho rang chuong trinh dao tao hien
nay xay dung van chua duoc linh hoat, npi dung
chua phii hgp vdi nhu cau va xu the thi trudng lao
dpng CMCN 4.0 Cac trudng dai hoc thuc hien
boat dgng dao tao theo hai hudng, mot mat phai
dap img tinh dinh hudng xa hgi, mat khac dao tao
cung cap nguon nhan luc dap img yeu cau eiia thi
trudng lao dgng.
De Viet Nam thay doi ngdi thir trong cuoc
CMCN nay, theo ong Cudng, can phai chuan bi
bon nen tang, dd la: (i) Ha tang ket noi di ddng
va CO dinh; (ii) Lam chii edng nghe ve van vat ket
noi, tri tue nhan tao, dien toan dam may va dir lieu
Idn; (iii) tTng dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong cac
nganh nghe, dac biet xay dung ca sd dir lieu Idn v6
dan cu, y te, bao hiem de dimg chung cho eac ITnh hay mpt ban du an ve giao due 4.0 nham chuan
vuc; (iv) Dao t&o nguon nhan luc Vdi baySu to dau bi chii dpng doi phd vdi thach thiic va nam bat
tien, Viet Nam da lam duac, nhung cai dang lo ngai kip thai ca hdi ma CMCN 4,0 dua d8n, dac biet
20
Tap chi Khoa hgc s6 42 (02-2020)
nhat chinh la chat lugng ngudn nhan luc va lam the
nao de dao tao va chuyen ddi lye luong lao dgng
Can cd cau noi giiia 4 nha: nha khoa hoc, nha
trudng, nha quan ly va nha doanh nghiep. Da su
ket hgp va bat tay nhau ISn dau tien giua ddi ngu tri
thirc Viet Nam tren toan cau vdi cac tri thiic, doanh
nghiep Viet Nam trong nude Neu ed thi su tuong
dong giira CMCN 4 0 va each mang giao due 4.0 la
gi? Phai chang la d su tich hgp ket noi giira bp ba
"the gidi s6/ao - the gidi vat ly/thyc - con ngudi"
nhu quan niem pho bien hien gid?
Vi the, ham hd vdi CMCN 4.0 thi cii ham hd
nhung dimg bd quen yeu td con ngudi Con ngudi
va nguon nhan luc trong eupc CMCN 4.0 se la nhu
the nao'^ Dd la con ngudi cdng nghe va nguon nhan
luc edng nghe 4.0
Cac eupc CMCN dao tao nhan lire the nao? 1.0
la can dao tao ra nguon nhan lire lanh nghe, 2 0 la
dao tao nhan luc cd tri thiic, 3.0 la dao tao nhan luc
tao ra tn thirc mdi, cdn 4.0 la tao ra doanh nghiep
va doi mdi/sang tao
2.2. Nghien cuu, ap dung mo hinh giao due
4.0 trong giao due dai hoc
Theo cac chuyen gia can ddi mdi md hinh dao
tao xay dung md hinh dao tao - doanh nghiep, gan
vdi doanh nghiep, phuc vu nhu cau xa hdi dang va
se can chir khdng phai cai minh ed, Cach tdt nhat la
cac trudng dai hoc nen lien danh vdi doanh nghiep
Idn de hinh thanh md hinh dai hpc mdi - dai hoc
doanh nghiep, dai hgc thdng minh. Thay doi tir cho
"day nhirng gi gidi hgc thuat san ed" sang each
"day nhiing gi thi trudng can, doanh nghiep can",
hoac tham chi xa ban la "day nhiing gi thi trudng
va doanh nghiep se can".
Viet Nam nen nhanh chdng thu nghiem va
tnen khai md hinh dai hgc thdng minh 4,0 trong
nhung dy an thi diem, Cu the la xay dung nhirng
edng cu thdng minh, gom ca cdng cu quan ly dai
hgc va san sde sinh vien dua tren the thdng minh,
phan mem tri tue nhan tao (AI), ban dia hda kho
tai lieu hpc va day manh lien ket quoc te.
Mdi trudng dai hpc nen cd mdt trung tam
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP
la eo hpi khdi nghiep cho doanh nghiep xa hdi,
Bdi vi, cai each theo hudng giao dye 4 0 mdi dap
img nhu cau va tinh canh tranh cao cua ngudn
nhan luc cho xa hpi va do mdi la xu hudng cua
thdi d^i toan cau,
Noi dung chuong trinh, phuong phap dao tao
phai doi mdi thich hop sao cho phii hop vdi xu the
giao due dao tao khai phdng tao nen khdng gian
tu do phat trien ca nhan hda va ket hgp cong n g h |
hda va nhan van hda. Md hinh Idp hoe thich hop,
linh boat va hgc qua mang Intemet chir khdng chi
d trudng Idp cd dinh dii la van can thiet Trong
tuong lai gan, sinh vien se hgc them mot sd tin chi
til cac trudng dai hoc khac tren the gidi, thdng qua
cac khoa hpc md online tren mang. Dieu nay ed
nghTa la bang cap ma sinh vien nhan dugc tir mot
trudng dai hgc se bao gdm them kien thirc tir nhieu
trudng dai hgc khac
Vay thi eac dai hpc truyen thdng se phai lam
gi trudc CMCN 4.0. Chac chan, neu chi ling dung
edng nghe thdng tin thuan tiiy la chua dii ma phai
ed mpt euge each mang thuc su trong ca day va hgc,
Cac bac thay duong nhien phai thuan thuc trong
viec su dung bai giang true tuyen de loi euon hgc
tr6 qua mang. Sd gid len Idp thuc te ciing vi the
ma duoc giam thieu Tuy nhien, se cd nhirng tiet
hoc ma sinh vien khdng the vang mat. Dd la nhiing
buoi thao luan chuyen de (seminar) ve mot van de
nao do. Cd the nhiing seminar nay ciing khdng can
diem danh nhung neu vang mat, sinh vien se khd
tu viet dupe bao cao thu hoach
Ddi vdi qua trinh day, can chuyen tir truyen thu
kien thiic sang hinh thanh pham chat va phat trien
nang luc ngudi hoc hay lato chiie mdt nen giao due
md, thye hgc, thuc nghiep; chuyen phat trien giao
dye va dao tao tir chii yeu theo so lugng sang chii
trgng ca so lugng, chat lugng va hieu qua, chuyen
tir chi chu trgng giao due nhan each ndi chung sang
ket hgp giao due nhan each vdi phat huy tot nhat
tiem nang ca nhan, chuyen tir quan mem cir cd kien
thirc la cd nang luc sang quan niem kien thiic chi la
yeu to quan trgng cua nang luc chir chua phai tat ca,
2.3. De vugt qua thach thuc, cac chii the
phai thuc su doi moi sang tao
Trudc bet, giang vien phai thyc hien 3 chirc
Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020)
nang rat quan trgng' chirc nang sang tao, chirc nang
phan bien va chiic nang giao dye.
Cae chuyen gia cho rang, vdi CMCN 4 0, su
hda quyen giua trinh dd tri tue cua nha khoa hoe
vdi nha giao d dai hoc la nen tang de ngudi giang
vien tru viing trong tuong lai. Ve mat dinh tinh, Sen
chi ngudi giang vien phai cd siic cam hda thdng
qua hoat dgng giang day va nghien ciiu khoa hoc
khi tiep can sinh vien, phai truy6n dugc cdm himg
den vdi ho, thiic day va lan tda rong ca ve nhan
each, thai do va nhirng kT nang eo ban
Vdi viec hgc, can chuyen tir hoc thupe, nhd
nhieu sang hinh thanh nang luc van dyng, thich
nghi, giai quyet van de, tu duy ddc lap. Khdng chi
hpc trong sach vd, tai lieu ma phai hpc qua nhieu
hinh thirc khac nhu trd chai, lien he tuong tac, cung
img dam ddng, hoc bang du an. Dac biet, vdi hoc
sinh, smh vien la ngudi lao dpng trong tuong lai
can thay doi suy nghT hpc mdt lan cho ca ddi bang
viec hpc ca ddi de lam viec ca ddi, tu tim lay tai
heu nghien cim, xu ly, tu ren ky nang lao ddng mdi,
Sinh vien hien nay cd ky nang mem han che,
kien thiic co ban chua vung. Do vay chat lugng
sinh vien cd the chia thanh 3 nhdm: Nhdm thii nhat,
khoang 20% sinh vien tich cue, cham chi trong hgc
tap va cd thai do nghiem tiic; Nhdm thir 2, khoang
30% sinh vien hoc binh thudng; Nhdm thir 3,
khoang 50% sinh vien hgc ddi phd va ludi hoc [5].
Nhu vay, nen giao due can chuyen ddi each
thirc giao due tir truyen thu kien thirc sang phat
tnen pham chat va nang luc cua hoc sinh ca day
lam ngudi va day lam viee. Tren co sd dd chuang
trinh giao due phd thdng mdi va ca dai hgc can xac
dinh cac chuan nang luc chung va nang luc chuyen
mdn; eac hinh thiic tich hop hoac phan h6a trong
chuong trinh day hoc tiiy theo cap hoc,
Phuang phap giang day cua trudng la hudng
ngudi hgc di theo quy trinh "hinh thanh y tudng -
thiet ke - tnen khai - van hanh" Tinh doi mdi, sang
tao, hen nganh va hgc tap suot ddi duoc trang bi eho
cac sinh vien. Chuong trinh dao tao ed tinh "lien tuc
cai thien" va luon bam sat vdi yeu eau ciia thuc hen
cdng nghiep [3], Tire la phuang phap giao due ciing
phai doi mdi manh me hon niia trong viec to chirc
giao due qua Intemet. Qua dd, hinh thirc giao due
21
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP
se linh hoat ve thdi gian, khdng gian, phii hgp vdi
dieu kien va nhu cau ca nhan phat trien E-leaming
hay sir dyng img dyng cdng nghe dien toan dam
may cho phep ngudi day cd the cung cap tai lieu
hgc tap cho ngudi hoc va thu thap lai cac ket qua
ciia qua trinh day hgc tir phia ngudi hoc mdt each
lien tuc va linh hoat.
Ngay nay, chirc nang giao vien da thay ddi, tap
trung vao (theo UNESCO): Dam nhan nhieu chirc
nang, cd trach nhiem nang hon trong viec lua chpn
ndi dung day hpc va giao due; Td chirc viec hoc
eiia hpc sinh, sir dyng toi da nhimg nguon tri thirc
trong xa hgi, Ca biet hda hoc tap, thay doi tinh chat
trong quan he thay trd; Sir dung rpng rai hon nhijng
phuang hen day hoc hien dai; Hap tac rpng rai va
chat che hon vdi cac giang vien cimg trucmg, thay
doi quan he giira cac giang vien vdi nhau CMCN
4.0 tiep tuc thay doi tir dia vi ngudi day sangngudi
tuong tac, to chirc, thiet ke, co van, huan luyen va
tao ra mdi trudng hgc tap. Gia tri cua ngudi thay
khdng phai la giang bai ma la hudng dan, xiie tac
giiip sinh vien biet tu dmh hudng trong hoc tap,
Theo Nguyen Nggc Quang. Giang vien cae
trudng dai hpc phai la nha nghien ciru khoa hoc
phuc vy cho chuyen mdn dao t^o cua minh, thudng
xuyen nghien ciru cai mdi va cdng khai tren eac
tap chi de thao luan cimg vdi cac ddc gia va dong
nghiep [5], Trong xa hdi da dang, giao vien phai
coi mdi sinh vien la mdt ca nhan va xiie tac viec
hgc ciia hg dua tren hung thii ciia timg ngudi. Su
da dang hda va ca nhan hda nay se lam cho the gidi
trd nen ddc dao dac biet Mac du, dieu nay cd ve
cdn khd khan nhung khong phai la khdng the lam
dugc. Vdi tu each la giao vien cd nang suat trong ky
nguyen ky thuat sd, ngudi thay phai cai tien phuong
phap day va khdng nhiing trau ddi hgc hdi nghiep
vu eua nhimg phat mmh mdi de dap img dugc yeu
cau giang day trong thdi dai so [ 18], trong nen giao
due, dao tao thdng minh.
Du bao: Robot se day hgc eho eon ngudi vao
nam 2030: Mdt nha khoa hoe theo chu nghTa vi lai
cho rang robot se day hoe cho con ngudi trong 14
nam tdi. Khi dd, nhirng ong Idn trong lang Intemet
se trd thanh cac doanh nghiep giao due [13]
Thdi dai CMCN 4.0 ddi hdi nhimg con ngudi
22
Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020)
cd nang luc tu duy va sang tao, doi mdi, ed ky nang
phan tich va tdng hap thdng tin, cd kha nang lam
viec ddc lap va ra quyet dinh dua tren co sd phan
tich cae chiing cir va dii li§u. Day ciing la nhung
ky nang ma sinh vien Viet Nam dang thieu nhieu
nhat. De giai quyet van de nay, giao due - dao t^o
4.0 se la mot trong nhiing giai phap hieu qua ma
giao due dai hpc can trien khai.
Doi vdi ITnh vuc giao due dgi hpc, noi dao tao
true tiep nguon nhan luc cho cuoc CMCN 4.0, can
phai nhanh chdng ddi mdi mo hinh, chuang trinh
va phuong thirc dao tao, tir khau tuyen sinh den
khau danh gia, kiem djnh chat lugng, nhat la danh
gia sinh vien tdt nghiep
Sy tien bd cua edng nghe thdng tin se lam xuat
hien nhung loai hinh dao tao mdi He thong dao tao
true tuyen dai chimg, dao tao online la nhiing loai
hinh dao tgo mdi (tren khdng thdi gian ao) thach
thiic cac phuang thue dao tgo truyen thong. Can cd
trung tam nghien cim ling dyng trong mdi trudng
dai hpc de tu van xay dung ndi dung chuang trinh
phuong phap dao tao theo 4 0 thich hop, ddn dau.
Chimg ta dang budc vao eupc CMCN 4.0 va cuoc
each mgng nay dang dien ra vdi toe do rat nhanh.
Rieng vdi giao dye, CMCN ciing dang tac dpng
tdi mgi nganh hgc.
Vdi mdi trudng Intemet pho bien, sinh vien
deu cd the de dang tim kiem cac thdng tin khoa
hgc cdng nghe cho minh thay vi chi len Idp nghe
bai giang. Theo Mai Liem True - nguyen Thii
trudng Thudng true Bd Buu chinh Vien thdng,
trong moi thdi dai nhat la trong CMCN 4 0 thi trai
nghiem thuc te luon quan trong hon kien thirc va
kmh nghiem, Vi the, nen khuyen khich va tao dieu
kien cho smh vien tu tim kiem de tai khoa hgc cho
neng minh va ban than giang vien ciing phai cimg
vdi sinh vien nghien ciiu nhirng van de mdi, Cach
giang dgy theo kieu "thay doe, trd chep" chac chan
la khdng cdn phii hgp trong thdi dai CMCN 4.0.
Tuy nhien, nghien ciiu khoa hoe eiia sinh vien dgt
hieu qua tot nhat, van can cd giang vien hudng dan
thay vi tu nghien cim cae de tai mdi.
Su tac ddng cua cuge CMCN 4 0 da, dang va
se dgt len vai eac nha quan ly giao due hang logt
thach thitc va co hdi mdi Dieu nay ddi hdi phai
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP
nang cao tir nhan thiic den tu duy cua cac nha quan
ly, lanh dgo trong cae ca sd giao due, Ddng thdi
can phai dugc thay ddi tir nhan thiic vai trd quan ly
cimg vdi hinh thanh cac nhdm nang lire de dap img
yeu cau ket noi mdi tren nen tang kien thiic va cdng
nghe Vdi dan sd gan 100 trieu ngudi, dpi ngu can
bg, giang vien, giao vien va nhan vien hogt dgng
trong ITnh vuc giao due va dap tgo cua Viet Nam
chiem 1,2 tn?u ngudi. Vai trd cua dpi ngu can bd
quan ly giao due la dac biet quan trong. Hg la nhiing
dau may, quyet dinh hudng di va tdc do cua ca he
thong giao due Vi vgy, phat trien nang luc can bd
quan ly giao due Viet Nam sap cho dii sire, du tam,
dap img yeu cau doi mdi can ban, toan dien giao
due va dao tao la mdt bai toan Idn cua Viet Nam,
(Phgm Qugng Trung nhan manh),
2.4. Vugl: qua thach thuc tao dung mo hinh
giao due - dao tao 4.0
CMCN 4.0 vira la thach thirc vira la eo hpi Idn
eho eac trudng dai hgc trong nude. Khoang each
giira cac dgi hgc trong nude va khu vuc se thu hep
Igi hoac gia tang dang ke tuy vao chinh sach hop
ly ciia Nha nude va timg trudng dai hoc. Ban than
trudng dai hgc phai cd su chuan bi tdt va thich nghi
vdi giai dogn mdi nay. Cd bon nhan to quan trgng
tuong tac lan nhau trong mdi dgi hpc, giira boi canh
thay ddi nay: nhan luc, dao tao, nghien ciru va qua
trinh tu thay doi Dac biet, qua trinh tu thay doi
dien ra d nhieu khia canh khac nhau, nhu doi mdi
ve tu duy quan ly, danh gia diing gia tri cua doi mdi
va sang tgo, triet ly ve dao tao, dau tu ve hg tang
cdng nghe thdng tin va phdng thi nghiem tien tien,
Tich cue hudng tdi nhung khdng vdi vang
Theo Gottfried Vossen, cai khd Idn nhat trpng viec
chuyen dpi mo thiic dao tao tai cac trudng chinh
la rao can tu duy va quan tn. Ong eho rang, cac
trudng dai hgc cdng lap ludn ly tudng hda cac gia
tri tmyen thong lau nay hg tao dung. Do do, cae
trudng nay muon "doi thay dien mao" theo tieu chi
dgi hgc 4.0 rat khd khan vi ho da ap dgt cac chuan
truyen thong trong suy nghT va hanh dgng
Md hinh dai hoe truyen thong dang bi thach
thirc rat Idn trudc "con bao" each mgng so ma cude
CMCN 4 0 quet qua cae nude. Tuy nhien, theo ong
md hinh dai hgc 4.0 van dang trong giai doan vira
Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 42 (02-2020)
lam vira md mam hgc tap nen chua cd mdt md hinh
ly tudng vi cdng nghe thudng xuyen thay doi, nhu
eau hgc tap cua sinh vien ciing ludn thay ddi,
Theo Gottfried Vossen. "Cac trudng dgi hgc
khdng nen bd qua ly thuyet, vdi vang xa rdi khoa
hpc nen tang. Dge biet, cae trudng ciing khong nen
qua chieu cae ddi hdi cua sinh vien bd qua eac nen
tang kien thirc eo ban de xay dung eai mdi vi cac
nen tang dai hoc 4.0 chua cd chuan cu die ma la
muc tieu di dgng"
De hudng den md hinh dgi hpc 4,0 theo
Gottfried Vossen (Han Qudc) cae trudng theo duoi
md hinh nay can thay doi triet de mpi mat. "Thay
vi chi dimg cac tai lieu, giao trinh kho khan sinh
vien it tap trung dge, nghien ciiu, cac trudng nen
game hda eac tai lieu, giao trinh giang day de tao
ddng luc, kich thich sinh vien hgc tap Dong thdi
can tuyen cac giang vien tre de tang cudng su
tuong tac, ket noi vdi smh vien nhieu hon, vi day
cung la nhu cau thuc te cua sinh vien [16]. NghTa
la rat nhieu van de phai ddi mdi co ban va mgnh
me neu khdng se cham chan va tut haul Ong noi.
"Suot thdi gian dai, Han Quoc da dao tao ra the he
hgc sinh, smh vien viing vang kien thiic, ky nang,
dap ling nhu cau cua nen san xuat hang loat, gidi
lam theo ban ve, md hinh san cd ma hau nhu rat
khd sang tao, thiet ke tir sd 0 Nhu vay mai mai
chi di theo sau ngudi khac. Vi vay, chinh phu da
thay doi dmh hudng tir nen kinh te thuong mai noi
tiep sang nen kinh te tri thirc, dau tu cho nghien
ciru va phat trien de tao ra dot pha cdng nghe,
thanh ngudi tien phong trong mot so ITnh -vuc the
manh". Ong Lee cho rang xu hudng ca nhan hda
Id trinh hoc cho hgc vien se nudi duong kha nang
doi mdi sang tgo, thay vi ap dung mdt chuan muc
giao due cho tat ca Trong do, muc tieu "hoc de
thi" trd thanh "hgc de tiep tuc nghien ciru", hoc
thong nhat theo he thdng doe sang hoc doi chieu
da he thong, ket hgp chuyen gia d trudng va noi
lam viec [6].
3. Ket luan
Tom lai, tir yeu cau eiia thdi cude trong budc
ngoat hien nay, nhat la vdi CMCN 4.0, nen giao
dye - dao tao, nhat la giao due dai hoc phai khdi
xudng va tiiuc thi triet ly eg ban tdng quat ddi mdi
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020)

sang tao nen giao due nude nha Nam lay co hdi
vugt qua thach thirc, cac chu the ciia nen giao due
ciing nhu cac cap lanh dao quan ly tir vi tri eua
minh phai thuc su ddi mdi sang tao tir ban than.
Dd la menh lenh cua cuoc sdng Dd ciing la pham
chat va gia tn eg ban hang dau ciia nen giao dye
Viet Nam ngay nay di tdi tuong lai.
Ghi chu:
® Xa hgi 5 0 cd the hieu dupe xay dung tren 5
ndi ham co ban [9]:
Thif nhat, day la xa hpi sieu thdng minh, la hinh
mau eua mdt xa hpi toi uu hda su tham gia ciia robot,
tri tue nhan tao (AI) trong nhieu hoat ddng, giam thieu
toi da su tham gia ciia con ngudi.
Thir hai, day la mpt xa hgi van minh, hien
dgi, giai phdng sire lao dgng ciia con ngudi vdi
mgt euge sdng day dii va vien man, phuc vu tdt
nhat cho con ngudi
Thif ba, van vat deu dupe ket noi internet
(Intemet of things).
Thu tu. xa hdi 5.0 se tac ddng sau sac tdi moi
mat ciia cuoc song, tham chi thay doi ca cac nganh
edng nghiep tmyen thong, AI va robot se thay the
con ngudi trong nhieu ITnh virc va giiip lam ra nhieu
cua eai vgt chat hon.
Thicndm. xahpi 5.0 cd kha nang se lam sau sac
hon su phan tang xa hgi giau - ngheo. Bdi se ed nhiing
ngudi khong theo kip su phat trien ciia xa hgi cdng
nghe dan den trd thanh "the he bi bd rai"
© Khai phdng d day dupe hieu la khai phong
cho cac tiem nang ciia con ngudi, khai phdng cac
nang lire tiem tang cua con ngudi, bien cac nang luc
dd thanh siic manh. Khai phdng theo nghTa nay duac
hieu nhu la su giai phdng ban than va giai phdng cho
ngudi khac Tir y tudng nay Freire hinh thanh quan
niem ve mdt nen giao due khai phdng trong dd vai
trd ciia eac thanh phan tham gia vao qua trinh giao
due ed the hoan ddi lan nhau. giao vien va hgc sinh
deu cd the ddng vai trd nha giao due, hai ben giao
due lan nhau qua qua trinh day va hgc. Ddi thogi trd
thanh phuong thiic dgy hoc chii yeu eiia giao due
khai phdng. Hoc sinh khdng tiep nhan mdt each thu
ddng, ma chii ddng ddi thoai vdi giao vien. Va phuang
phap nay giiip cho cae nang luc eiia hpc sinh duoc
khai phdng [8].

Tai lieu tham khao

[I] ChungTh]VanAnh(2017),"CMCN4,0vdigiaoducdaihocndichungvaDaihoeBaRia-ViingTaun6i
neng", rruowgftor/ipcSaffia-rfiwgrdw, https//bvu edu vn^vu/-/assetJ^ubhsher^
cach-mang-cong-nghiep-4-O-voi-giao-duc-ai-hoc-noi-chung-va-ai-hoc-ba-ria-vung-tau-noi-rieng.
[2]. Ho Til Bao (2017), "Hieu va di trong CMCN lan thir tu", Tia sdng, http./Ztiasang com.
vn/-doi-moi-sang-tao/Hieu-va-di-trong-cach-mang-cong-nghiep-lan-thu-tu-10652.
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INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY - THE PHILOSOPHY OF VIETNAM EDUCATION ON
THE PATH OF CHANGING, DEVELOPING, OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES OF
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
Abstract
Society in the era of Industrial Revolution 4 0 (also called 4.0 society) has non-traditional
charactenstics tiiat need to be targeted by an action philosophy of innovation Innovative education - a
philosophy, a basic value to be aimed at will become the vitality of education and training in current
Viehiam Education 4.0, human resources •will determine its success or failure, and framing is the key to
It But amving at the 4.0 education and training model (smart education model), there are still many great
challenges- It is urgent to study and apply the 4.0 education model in higher education. To overcome
challenges, relevant subjects must truly innovate. As such, they are able to overcome challenges and make
an education - training model 4.0. The paper focuses on higher educahon in the Industnal Revoluhon
4.0, based on the philosophy of irmovation
Keywords: Education, training, philosophy, innovation, creativity. Industrial Revolution 4,0,
challenge, intelligence