INDICES

AND
LOGARITHMS
ROSLENA BINTI
ABDUL RAHIM
INDICES
𝒂𝟎 = 𝟏
𝑚
𝑎
Index 𝟑𝟏 = 𝟑
Base
Exponent
Power 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒙 × 𝒙
𝟑
𝟑𝒚 = 𝟑𝒚 × 𝟑𝒚 × 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟐𝟕𝒚𝟑
LAW OF INDICES
Try this:
Addition Law:
𝟓𝟐 × 𝟓𝟒
𝑚 𝑛
𝑎 ×𝑎 =𝑎 𝑚+𝑛
𝟓𝟔

Example:
3 5 3+5 8
𝟑 ×𝟑 =𝟑 =𝟑
LAW OF INDICES
Try this:
Substraction Law:
𝟒𝟓 ÷ 𝟒𝟐
𝑚 𝑛
𝑎 ÷𝑎 =𝑎 𝑚−𝑛
𝟒𝟑

Example:
5 2 5−2 3
𝟑 ÷𝟑 =𝟑 =𝟑
LAW OF INDICES
Try this:
Power Law: 𝟐
𝟏
𝑎 𝑚 𝑛 =𝑎 𝑚×𝑛 =𝑎 𝑚𝑛
𝟐𝟐

Example:
𝟐 3 2×3 6
𝟑 =𝟑 =𝟑
LAW OF INDICES
Negative Law: Try this:

1 𝟐𝒌−𝟓
−𝑚
𝒂 = 𝑚
𝒂 𝟐
𝒌𝟓
Example:
−4
1 1
𝟑 = 4=
𝟑 𝟖𝟏
LAW OF INDICES
Fraction Law: Try this:
𝑚 𝑛
𝟑
𝒂 𝑛 = 𝒂𝑚 𝟏𝟔𝟒

𝟖
Example:
4 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟐 = 𝟑 4 = 81 = 9
 Exercise 1: Without using a calculator, simplify these expressions.
a) 252 × 53 b) 10 000 ÷ 102 c) 163 × 24 ÷ 23
 Exercise 2: Simplify each of the following expressions.
3
5
2𝑎 𝑏 4𝑥 2 𝑦 6 9𝑧 5 𝑝5 𝑞 7 𝑝4 𝑞 6
a) b) × c) 3 4 ÷ 5 8
6𝑎2 𝑏2 2 45𝑧 2 8𝑥𝑦 3 𝑝 𝑞 𝑝 𝑞
 Exercise 3: Express 𝒏 in terms of 𝒙 and 𝒚.
𝑛
a) 9 × 27 = 3
𝑥 𝑦 𝑛
b) 3 = 3𝑥 × 27−𝑦
 Exercise 4: Find the value of 𝒏.
a) 270 = 2 × 3𝑛 × 5 b) 5 × 83𝑛+1 = 80
 𝒓 𝒔
Exercise 5: Given, 𝒙 = 𝟑 , 𝒚 = 𝟑 . Express in terms of 𝒙 and 𝒚.
3𝑠
a) 3𝑟+𝑠 b) 34𝑠 c) 3𝑟−3 d)
3𝑟+1
 𝒓 𝒔
Exercise 6: Given, 𝒙 = 𝟑 , 𝒚 = 𝟑 . Express in terms of 𝒙 and 𝒚.
3𝑠
a) 3𝑟+𝑠 b) 34𝑠 c) 3𝑟−3 d)
3𝑟+1
 Exercise 7: Solve the following exponential equations.
𝑥 2 −𝑥 b) −3𝑒 2𝑥 + 5𝑒 𝑥 = 2
a) 3 = 9
𝑥
 Exercise 7: Solve the following exponential equations.
1 𝑥−2 1 2−𝑥
c) 82𝑥 = 4−𝑥
2 2
 FINISH!
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QUIZ 1