Automobile Specifications (n = 73, m = 27)

Obs Model Doors Style Engine Cylinders CityMPG HwyMPG EngineSize HP Length Width Height Weight
1 Acura TL 4 Sedan V6 6 20 29 3500 220 109.3 74.0 57.2 3968
2 Audi A5 2 Coupe L4 4 22 32 1984 220 108.3 73.0 54.0 3583
3 BMW 4 Series 428i 2 Coupe L4 4 22 35 1997 240 182.6 71.9 54.2 3470
4 BMW X1 sDrive28i 4 SUV L4 4 23 34 1997 240 176.5 70.8 60.8 3527
5 Buice LaCrosse 4 Sedan V6 6 18 28 3600 304 196.9 73.1 59.2 3990
6 Buick Enclave 4 SUV V6 6 17 24 3600 288 201.9 79.0 70.3 4724
7 Buick Regal 4 Sedan L4 4 21 30 2000 259 190.2 73.1 58.4 3692
8 Cadillac ATS 4 Sedan L4 4 22 33 2500 202 182.8 71.1 55.9 3315
9 Cadillac CTS 4 Sedan L4 4 20 30 2000 272 195.5 72.2 57.2 3616
10 Cadillac Escalade 4 SUV V8 8 14 18 6200 403 202.5 79.0 75.9 5527
11 Chevrolet Camaro 1SS 2 Coupe V8 8 16 24 3600 426 190.6 75.5 54.2 3719
12 Chevrolet Cruze LS 4 Sedan L4 4 26 38 1400 138 181.0 70.7 58.1 3097
13 Chevrolet Impala LTZ 4 Sedan V6 6 19 29 3600 305 201.3 73.0 58.9 3800
14 Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 4 Sedan L4 4 25 36 2500 196 191.5 73.0 57.6 3532
15 Chevrolet Spark LS 4 Hatchback L4 4 31 39 1200 84 144.7 61.0 62.9 2269
16 Chevrolet Suburban LTZ 4 SUV V8 8 15 21 5300 320 224.0 80.5 74.4 5674
17 Chrysler 200 Touring LX 4 Sedan L4 4 20 31 2400 173 191.7 72.5 54.9 3402
18 Chrysler 300 S 4 Sedan V6 6 19 31 3600 300 198.6 75.0 58.7 4029
19 Dodge Charger SXT 4 Sedan V6 6 19 31 3600 292 199.9 75.0 58.4 3996
20 Dodge Dart Limited 4 Sedan L4 4 23 35 2400 184 183.9 72.0 57.7 3242
21 Fiat 500 Sport 2 Hatchback L4 4 31 40 1400 135 139.6 64.1 59.8 2434
22 Ford Fiesta S 4 Hatchback L4 4 29 39 1600 120 159.7 67.8 58.1 2575
23 Ford Focus SE 4 Sedan L4 4 27 37 2000 160 178.5 71.8 57.7 2960
24 Ford Mustang GT 2 Coupe V8 8 15 26 5000 420 188.5 73.9 55.8 3618
25 Ford Taurus 4 Sedan V6 6 19 29 3500 288 202.9 76.2 60.7 4054
26 Honda Accord LX 4 Sedan L4 4 24 34 2356 185 191.4 72.8 57.7 3192
27 Honda CRV LX 4 SUV L4 4 23 31 2354 185 178.3 71.6 64.7 3305
28 Hyundai Azera Limited 4 Sedan V6 6 19 29 3300 293 193.3 73.2 57.9 3605
29 Hyundai Genesis 5.0 4 Sedan V8 8 15 23 5000 429 196.5 74.4 58.3 4240
30 Hyundai Santa Fe GLS 4 SUV V6 6 18 25 3300 290 193.1 74.2 66.9 3933
31 Infiniti Q60 4 Coupe V6 6 19 27 3700 330 183.1 71.8 54.8 3633
32 Infiniti QX50 4 SUV V6 6 17 25 3700 325 182.3 71.0 61.9 3790
33 Jaguar F-Type 2 Coupe V6 6 20 28 3000 340 176.0 75.7 51.5 3477
34 Jeep Compass Limited 4 SUV L4 4 21 28 2400 172 175.1 71.4 65.0 3258
35 Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited 4 SUV V6 6 17 25 3600 290 189.8 76.5 68.1 4685
36 Kia Forte LX 4 Sedan L4 4 25 36 1797 148 179.5 70.1 56.5 2776
37 Kia Soul 4 Hatchback L4 4 24 30 1600 138 163.0 70.9 63.0 2615
38 Kia Sportage LX 4 SUV L4 4 21 30 2359 176 174.8 73.0 64.4 3186
Automobile Specifications (n = 73, m = 27)

Obs Model Doors Style Engine Cylinders CityMPG HwyMPG EngineSize HP Length Width Height Weight
39 Land Rover Range Rover Sport 4 SUV V8 8 13 19 5000 510 196.8 81.6 72.3 5137
40 Lexus IS 250 2 Sedan V6 6 21 30 2500 204 183.7 71.3 56.3 3461
41 Lexus LS 460 4 Sedan V8 8 16 24 4600 386 200.0 73.8 58.1 4233
42 Lexus RX 350 4 SUV V6 6 18 25 3500 270 187.8 74.2 66.7 4178
43 Lincoln MKT 4 SUV V6 6 17 25 3700 303 207.6 76.0 67.4 4702
44 Lincoln MKZ 4 Sedan L4 4 22 33 2000 240 194.1 73.4 58.2 3713
45 Lincoln Navigator 4 SUV V8 8 14 20 5400 310 208.4 78.8 78.3 5794
46 Mazda 2 4 Hatchback L4 4 28 34 1500 100 155.5 66.7 58.1 2306
47 Mazda CX-5 Sport 4 SUV L4 4 26 32 2000 155 179.3 72.4 67.3 3194
48 Mercedes-Benz C-250 4 Sedan L4 4 22 31 1800 201 180.8 69.7 56.9 3428
49 Mercedes-Benz CL600 2 Coupe V12 2 12 18 5500 510 200.6 84.2 55.8 4894
50 Mercedes-Benz ML350 4 SUV V6 6 17 22 3500 302 189.1 84.3 70.7 4751
51 Mini-Cooper 2 Hatchback L4 4 29 37 1600 121 146.6 66.3 55.4 2605
52 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport SE 4 SUV L4 4 25 31 2400 166 183.3 70.9 66.1 3296
53 Nissan Armada SV 4 SUV V8 8 13 19 5600 317 207.7 79.3 77.2 5267
54 Nissan Cube S 4 Hatchback L4 4 25 30 1800 127 156.7 66.7 65.0 2789
55 Nissan Maxima SV 4 Sedan V6 6 19 26 3500 290 190.6 73.2 57.8 3570
56 Nissan Murano SV 4 SUV V6 6 18 24 3500 260 189.9 74.1 67.0 4011
57 Nissan Versa S 4 Sedan L4 4 27 36 1600 109 175.4 66.7 59.6 2363
58 Porsche Cayenne 4 SUV V6 6 15 22 3600 300 190.8 76.3 67.4 4398
59 Scion FR-S 2 Coupe L4 4 25 34 2000 200 166.7 69.9 50.6 2806
60 Scion iQ 2 Hatchback L4 4 36 37 1329 94 120.1 66.1 59.1 2127
61 Scion XD 4 SUV L4 4 27 33 1798 128 154.7 67.9 59.4 2665
62 Suburu Forester 2.5i Limited 4 SUV L4 4 24 32 2500 170 180.9 70.7 68.2 3419
63 Suburu Legacy 2.5i Limited 4 Sedan L4 4 24 32 2500 173 187.2 71.7 59.3 3427
64 Toyota Camry XLE 4 Sedan L4 4 25 35 2500 178 189.2 71.7 57.9 3280
65 Toyota Land Cruiser 4 SUV V8 8 13 18 5700 381 194.9 77.6 74.0 5765
66 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4 SUV L4 4 24 31 2500 176 179.9 72.6 67.1 3465
67 Toyota Yaris 3 Hatchback L4 4 30 37 1500 106 153.5 66.7 59.4 2295
68 Volkswagen Beetle 2.5L 2 Coupe L4 4 22 29 2500 170 168.4 71.2 58.6 3038
69 Volkswagen Jetta SE 4 Sedan L4 4 25 36 1800 170 182.2 70.0 57.2 3070
70 Volkswagen Toureg V6 Sport 4 SUV V6 6 17 23 3600 280 188.8 76.4 68.2 4711
71 Volkswagen Passat SE 4 Sedan L4 4 24 34 1800 170 191.6 72.2 58.5 3230
72 Volvo S60 T5 4 Sedan L5 5 21 30 2500 250 182.2 73.4 58.4 3528
73 Volvo XC90 4 SUV L6 6 16 25 3200 240 189.3 76.2 70.2 4667
unusual
unusual
Automobile Specifications (n = 73, m = 27)

Obs Model Doors Style Engine Cylinders CityMPG HwyMPG EngineSize HP Length Width Height Weight

LearningStats Source: Vehicles are a random sample of 2014 Exercises: (1) Make a frequency distribution and/or histogram
vehicles sold in the U.S.. Data are from for CityMPG. Describe the distribution. (2) Create an X-Y
Copyri ght © 2022 manufacturer web sites. All vehicles are gas or
by
scatter plot for CityMPG and HwyMPG. What does it suggest?
flex-fuel (no hybrids or electrics) . This (3) Create a scatter plot for X = Weight and Y = CityMPG. What
The McGra w-Hill Companiesinformation is intended only as a training data set
does it suggest? (4) Fit a simple regression on the scatter plot.
for statistics students, and should not be viewed
Thi s spreadsheet i s intended s olely Interpret the slope and fit. (5) Estimate a multiple regression
as a guide to specific vehicle performance or
for e ducational purposes by licensed model using CityMPG as the response variable (dependent
 purchase decisions. variable) and several numerical or binary predictors of your
us ers of Connect
choice. Caution: If you use binary predictors, be careful to
omit one of the binary predictors in each group (body style,
drive type, transmission type) to avoid perfect
multicollinearity. (6) Did your multiple regression model offer
a substantially better fit than the simple regression in step (4)?
Advanced users: (7) Request variance inflation factors for the
predictors that you included in step (5). What do they tell
Variable Definitions you? (8) Calculate a correlation matrix for the predictor in
Doors = number of doors your multiple regression. What does this matrix tell you? (9)
Style = body style (coupe, hatchback, sedan, SUV) Test the residuals for non-normality and heteroscedasticity.
Engine = type of engine (L4, L5, L6, V6, V8) Interpret the results in your own words. (10) Why did we
Cylinders = number of engine cylinders create binary variables created for Style, Drive, and
CityMPG = estimated EPA city miles per gallon Transmission?
HwyMPG = estimated EPA highway miles per gallon
EngineSize = engine displacement (cc)
HP = engine horsepower
Length = length of vehicle (inches)
Width = width of vehicle (inches)
Height = height of vehicle (inches)
Weight = curb weight of vehicle (pounds)
Drive = drive type (front wheel, rear wheel, all wheel)
Transmission = transmission type and gears (e.g., A6)
TransType = automatic (A), manual (M), continuously variable(C)
NumGears = number of gears
Coupe = 1 if vehicle is a couple body style, 0 otherwise
Hatchback = 1 if vehicle is a hatchback body style, 0 otherwise
Sedan = 1 if vehicle is a sedan body style, 0 otherwise
SUV = 1 if vehicle is an SUV body style, 0 otherwise
FWD = 1 if vehicle is front wheel drive, 0 otherwise
RWD = 1 if vehicle is rear wheel drive, 0 otherwise
AWD = 1 if vehicle is all-wheel drive, 0 otherwise
Automatic = 1 if automatic transmission, 0 otherwise
Manual = 1 if manual transmission, 0 otherwise
CVT = 1 if continuously variable transmission, 0 otherwise
 AWD = 1 if vehicle is all-wheel drive, 0 otherwise
Automatic = 1 if automatic transmission, 0 otherwise
Manual = 1 if manual transmission, 0 otherwise
CVT = 1 if continuously variable transmission, 0 otherwise

Automobile Specifications (n = 73, m = 27)

Obs Model Doors Style Engine Cylinders CityMPG HwyMPG EngineSize HP Length Width Height Weight
city MPG
20
22 city MPG
22 40
23
35
18
17 30

21 25
22
20
20
14 15

16 10
26
5
19
25 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
31
15
20
19
19
23
31
29
27
15
19
24
23
19
15
18
19
17
20
21
17
25
24
21
13
21
16
18
17
22
14
28
26
22
12
17
29
25
13
25
19
18
27
15
25
36
27
24
24
25
13
24
30
22
25
17
24
21
16
70 80
EngineSize
3500
1984 EngineSize
1997 7000
1997
6000
3600
3600 5000
2000
4000
2500
2000 3000
6200
3600 2000

1400 1000
3600
2500 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
1200
5300
2400
3600
3600
2400
1400
1600
2000
5000
3500
2356
2354
3300
5000
3300
3700
3700
3000
2400
3600
1797
1600
2359
5000
2500
4600
3500
3700
2000
5400
1500
2000
1800
5500
3500
1600
2400
5600
1800
3500
3500
1600
3600
2000
1329
1798
2500
2500
2500
5700
2500
1500
2500
1800
3600
1800
2500
3200
 correlation

60 70 80
EngineSize city MPG
3500 20
1984 22
1997 22
1997 23
CityMPG and EngineSize
3600 18
3600 17 40
2000 21
35
2500 22
30
2000 20
6200 14 25

3600 16 20
1400 26 15
3600 19 10
2500 25
5
1200 31
0
5300 15 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
2400 20
Column B Column C
3600 19
3600 19
2400 23
1400 31
1600 29
2000 27
5000 15
3500 19
2356 24
2354 23
3300 19
5000 15
3300 18
3700 19
3700 17
3000 20
2400 21
3600 17
1797 25
1600 24
2359 21
5000 13
2500 21
4600 16
3500 18
3700 17
2000 22
5400 14
1500 28
2000 26
1800 22
5500 12
3500 17
1600 29
2400 25
5600 13
1800 25
3500 19
3500 18
1600 27
3600 15
2000 25
1329 36
1798 27
2500 24
2500 24
2500 25
5700 13
2500 24
1500 30
2500 22
1800 25
3600 17
1800 24
2500 21
3200 16
MPG and EngineSize

The shape of the chart appears that the

relationship between the two over factors are
negative conjointly strong. Besides, ready
to discover the colleration which is more
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 noteworthy than -0.6 and shows that the
relationship is solid
Column B Column C
city MPG EngineSize
20 3500 corelation -0.885451
22 1984
22 1997
23 1997
18 3600
17 3600 (-.088545 ) appears a strong relationship.
21 2000
22 2500
20 2000
14 6200
16 3600
26 1400
19 3600
25 2500
31 1200
15 5300
20 2400
19 3600
19 3600
23 2400
31 1400
29 1600
27 2000
15 5000
19 3500
24 2356
23 2354
19 3300
15 5000
18 3300
19 3700
17 3700
20 3000
21 2400
17 3600
25 1797
24 1600
21 2359
13 5000
21 2500
16 4600
18 3500
17 3700
22 2000
14 5400
28 1500
26 2000
22 1800
12 5500
17 3500
29 1600
25 2400
13 5600
25 1800
19 3500
18 3500
27 1600
15 3600
25 2000
36 1329
27 1798
24 2500
24 2500
25 2500
13 5700
24 2500
30 1500
22 2500
25 1800
17 3600
24 1800
21 2500
16 3200
ong relationship.
Height mean 61.5
57.2 median 58.9
54.0 mode 58.1
54.2 min 50.6
60.8 max 78.3
59.2 range 27.7
70.3 variance 39.26736
58.4 standard de6.266367
55.9 skewness 0.880331
57.2 kurtosis 0.09183
75.9
54.2
58.1
58.9
57.6
62.9
74.4
54.9
58.7
58.4
57.7
59.8
58.1
57.7
55.8
60.7
57.7
64.7
57.9
58.3
66.9
54.8
61.9
51.5
65.0
68.1
56.5
63.0
64.4
72.3
56.3
58.1
66.7
67.4
58.2
78.3
58.1
67.3
56.9
55.8
70.7
55.4
66.1
77.2
65.0
57.8
67.0
59.6
67.4
50.6
59.1
59.4
68.2
59.3
57.9
74.0
67.1
59.4
58.6
57.2
68.2
58.5
58.4
70.2
Weight mean 3658.781
3968 median 3528
3583 mode #VALUE!
3470 min 2127
3527 max 5794
3990 range 3667
4724 variance 739245.1
3692 standard de859.7937
3315 skewness 0.620003
3616 kurtosis 0.169515
5527
3719
3097
3800
3532
2269
5674
3402
4029
3996
3242
2434
2575
2960
3618
4054
3192
3305
3605
4240
3933
3633
3790
3477
3258
4685
2776
2615
3186
5137
3461
4233
4178
4702
3713
5794
2306
3194
3428
4894
4751
2605
3296
5267
2789
3570
4011
2363
4398
2806
2127
2665
3419
3427
3280
5765
3465
2295
3038
3070
4711
3230
3528
4667
Style Count - Style
Coupe 9
Hatchback 9
Sedan 29
SUV 26
Count of Style
35
#VALUE!
30

25

The Sedan should be mod 20

because it is the most common
style of vehicle 15

10

0
Coupe Hatchback Sed
 Count of Style

Hatchback Sedan SUV