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Department of Physics
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
Static electricity
Is all electric charge the same, or is there more than one type? By an experiment: A plastic ruler
suspended by a thread is vigorously rubbed with a cloth to charge it. When a second plastic ruler, which
has been charged in the same way, is brought close to the first, it is found that one ruler repels
the other. Similarly, if a rubbed glass rod is brought close to a second charged glass rod, again a repulsive
force is seen to act. However, if the charged glass rod is brought close to the charged plastic ruler, it
is found that they attract each other. The charge on the glass must therefore be different from that on the
plastic. Indeed, it is found experimentally that all charged objects fall into one of two categories. Either
they are attracted to the plastic and repelled by the glass; or they are repelled by the plastic and attracted
to the glass. Thus there seem to be two, and only two, types of electric charge.
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