7 


 ก 

ก
 
กก (7.14)
   
  ก ld  
ก  
(c + Ktr ) / db = 1.5 ! "
ก# 1 % 2  ' ก#(  (c + Ktr ) / db = 1.0 )*  + 
 + ,- +
+
# 7.1

 7.1 ก !"
)*
+
DB20 %,"%.ก, ,%.กก'  DB25 %,"%.ก, "/ ก' 
( γ = 0.8 ) ( γ = 1.0 )
ก
 1 :  ' "' , 0  0.15 f yαβλ 0.19 f yαβλ
ld = db ld = db
ก'  db  ,"%.ก%ก%+'' ld 0 f c′ f c′
ก'   #1+2 (7.16) (7.17)


ก
 2 :  ' "' , 0 
ก'  2db   ' "10 ก'  db
0.23 f yαβλ 0.28 f yαβλ
ก
 ld = db ld = db
f c′ f c′
(7.18) (7.19)

 7.1 )*#ก!"

,"%.ก  + DB36 #% +
+ 3# 7.11 ก!" + f c′ = 210
ก.ก./.2 fy = 4,000 ก.ก./.2
ld 25 cm
2DB36

4 cm
clear 42 cm 50 cm

DB10 @ 12 cm stirrup

 7.11   
' # 7.1

1.   



 ' "' ,"%.ก, = 25 – 2(4+1+3.6) = 7.8 . (2.17db)
"1+  = 4+1 = 5 . (1.39db)
"1+  = 8 – (3.6)/2 = 6.2 . (1.72db)
!"
,"%.ก α = 1.3

,"%.ก0 ,%(#5ก# β = 1.0

!"
 ก# !"
กก λ = 1.0

2. !"#:

7 - 11

 7 
 
 ก 
ld 0.19 f y α β λ 0.19(4, 000)(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)
= = = 68
db f c′ 210

ld = (68)(3.6) = 245 . = 2.45 ,

3. !"# $!:
" "' ,"%.ก, = 0.5(25-2(4+1+3.6/2)) = 5.7 . ← %

"' ,"%.ก, 67'+  = 4 + 1 + 3.6/2 = 6.8 .

"' ,"%.ก, 67'+  = 8 .
  &! c = 5.7 '.
กก,"%.ก%ก DB10 @ 12 .:
Atr f yt 2(0.78)(4,000)
K tr = = = 2.48
105 s n 105(12)(2)

c + K tr 5.7 + 2.48
= = 2.27 < 2.5 OK
db 3.6

ld 0.28 f y α β γ λ 0.28(4, 000)(1.3)

= = = 44
db f c′ ( c + K tr ) / db  210(2.27)

ld = (44)(3.6) = 159 . < 245 .

7.7   *+&%$,ก%!

)*,"%.ก

+,- #3
ก ก' ,"%.ก
+ ก,#ก' 0 #7%ก'+#,ก+กก
+
+ %
#7%%0+ก( #
ก+#%,"%.ก, ACI ก!" +)*( 2 ldb
fy
ldb = 0.075 db (7.20)
f c′

#  )* 1+ (Min ld) ,"%.ก+ ,(8ก

ก'
+ก ACI 
ก!" +' 
ldb 0 ก' 

ldb ≥ 0.0043 db f y (7.21)

"'' 6 f c′ 0+6  300 กก./.2 , 

 +

 '' ldb  #กก' ก
(7.20) % (7.21)

 
ก
1. ก,,"%.ก,ก 'ก: λs = As #ก / As #
+,#

2. ก9
++',"%.ก%ก: λs1 = 0.75

!"''%+% ก9

++',"%.ก%ก#, 7 :3 ;ก%,"%.ก0 ก'  DB12(%ก
,+#') "( RB6(%ก,ก%#')%#" 0 ,ก 10 . "%
ก
ก
"+ ld 0 ก'  20 .

7 - 12

 7 
 
 ก 

7.8   *+.$,ก$&!ก

,(# '  ก',"%.ก!ก
+%ก( #,"%.ก,ก ก.ก
+,"%.ก,#  ก
'ก
,- ก!
(Bundled bars) 9+
+'ก
0+0 ,ก #, 9+#,#ก
0 ,ก ,   % '%63ก" "1+'%ก
<+ 
' ก
+,"%.ก,- +
+ 3# 7.12

 7.12 3ก

+,"%.ก,'ก
,- ก!
 ;
+
+ก"1+,"%.ก %,  
+  ' ก!#!"  ก
   40 , 
, 7 :3 ;ก%,"%.ก, ,(#ก!" +" %"1 #1+ ก
 +,"%.ก, ,"%.ก


+63ก+,( ,- ,"%.ก, ,+#'##, 7 :3 ;ก%,#, ก( #'1ก,  
+
,()*#ก,"%.ก
+%%#, ' )*%+% 16.67 % 25% %!+
,#ก
ก
+( #
7
 ACI 
0+ก!" +")*+ก +,"%.ก %,  
+ 9+,'' #ก
20% !"

+%, % 33% !"

+%#, !"
ก
'3
ก
"+#ก"+ก
 +, 7 :3 ;ก%,#, 

7.9   *+.$,ก%!0!!$1.
2

,(ก)*,"%.ก#0 "(กก!%
,"%.ก 
 #1+ ก.63กก9+ ACI 0+ก!" +
 +ก2 +
+ 3# 7.13 ก!6(' 0  ',=> ,"%.ก,

+
db D
D = diam of bend T
db
T
Min. Dia. of Bend (D)
DB10 - DB25 6db
12 db DB28 - DB36 8db
4 db ≥ 6 cm DB40 - DB60 10db

(ก) 180o hook () 90o hook

 7.13 ก2 ,"%.ก

+
ก ก ACI:
,()*#ก()* ldh +
 3# 7.14) ก'  ACI ,กก! ')*( 2 lhb #
ก,(
? ก!%
ก fy ,"%.ก9+'
+ก!" #กก!%
%ก67' ก1+ (
318db
lhb = (7.22)
f c′

!"
 fy = 4,000 ก.ก./.2 ก
 ก.
'3
ก+
+ # 7.2 ก
)*( 2 #! '0+กก
#(7.22)  ก)* ldh #ก  #ก#1+ (1)  
ก lhb (2) 8 , , 7 :3 ;ก%
,"%.ก %(3) 15 .

7 - 13

 7 
 
 ก 

 7.2 
'3
ก!"
 lhd !"
2
&3


fy
1)
 
ก 0 , ก
 4,000 ก.ก./.2 4, 000

2)  
 ก 0.7

 180o  +0 ,ก DB36 #"1+  ≥ 6 .

 90o ,"(  180o + "1 '  ก ≥ 5 .
3) 
กก " ก
0 ,ก 3db   ')* 0.8

4) 
กก Required As
≤ 1.0
Provided As

5) ก
1.3

Ldh Ld db
T

12db
Critical section
full bar tension
T db

4db DB10 – DB25

4db ≥ 6 cm
5db DB28 – DB36

6db DB40 – DB60

Ldh

 7.14 )* ldh !"


,"%.ก ' "/ 63ก,#,0 1+ 
ก#;(  + !"#ก9
+
+  กก
 ก.
#ก9
+  '+9+ , ,(0 #ก9
+, #%0  , ( ( +

+ 3# 7.15 #"1%   6 . "( ' 63ก
++',"%.ก%ก%+
)* ldh

7 - 14

 7 
 
 ก 

Ldh
A

A
Spacing
< 6 cm
≤ 3db
< 6 cm

Section A - A

 7.15 ก!" +,:@!"

2 #%0  , (

 7.2 $,ก$&.0!$.4"$&

%  , ( + 40.×60. ++ก
, + 60.×60. +
 3# 7.16 " 
+,,"%.ก( 4DB36
 ' % # ,"%.ก 
9, ;% 4DB25  ก### fc′ = 240 ก.ก./.2 ,"%.ก,#ก!%
 fy =
2
4,000 ก.ก./.
60 cm

4DB36

4DB25

Tail cover

60 cm

 7.16 1+  , 

' # 7.2

1. 
  *+0!.$,ก$&"  ก#,"%. # ก DB25 ( ,0 , ก.63ก9
+9+,"%.ก(  ,
0  ,"%.ก%ก, +

 
+,- ก#(  # 8.1 "(ก# (7.14) , (ก,"%.ก , '9

+ ก

7 - 15

 7 
 
 ก 
0.28 f y αβγλ
ld = db
f c′  c + K tr 
 
 db 
,( α = 1.3 (,"%.ก )
β = 1.0 (0 ,%(7')
γ = 1.0 (,"%.ก DB25)
λ = 1.0 ( ก# !"
กก)
c =  # ก' 
(ก) ก:3 ;ก%,"%.ก,63ก ก#+ #ก%#1+ :
"1 ก# = 4 + 1 + 2.5/2 = 6.25 .
(.) " " "'  c-c ,"%.ก, :
" " ,"%.ก, = (0.5)(40 – 2(6.25))/3 = 4.58 . !7 c = 4.58 '.

Atr f yt
K tr =
105 s n

Atr = ,"%.ก, ,#

+7   กก'
2
= 2 , DB36 = 2 × 10.18 = 20.36 .
s = " ,"%.ก,' = 60 – 2(4 + 1 + 3.6/2) = 46.4 .

20.36 × 4, 000
Ktr = = 4.18 .
105 × 46.4 × 4
c + K tr 4.58 + 4.18
= = 3.50 > 2.5 !7"# 2.5
db 2.5

0.28 × 4, 000 1.3 ×1.0 ×1.0 ×1.0

ld = × 2.5
240 2.5

= 94.0 .
)*+#ก( 94 . ,ก 'ก', +

 !,- ,("+," #',#
2. 
  *+0!..$,ก$&" )*+(  2 (
318 318
lhb = db = × 2.5 = 51.3 .
f c′ 240


'3
ก# 7.2  2) "1 ก# = 4 + 1 + 2.5/2 = 6.25 . > 6.0 . "#

0.7

ldh = 0.7 × 51.3 = 35.9 .

)*+##( 60 – 6.25 = 53.75 . กก' #ก 35.9 . OK

7.10 &:;  $
;
ก%ก!$,ก$&

'6 ก
9, ; #,"%#7( 7#" 
++D 6,# 0+,-
 a
M n = As f y  d −  (7.23)
 2

7 - 16

 7 
 
 ก 

 ก #1","%.ก,#" 

+ As 63ก)* , ( ก# ,#  %:,- +
 ld
ก" 
+ Mn 63ก! ',"%.ก,#" '6 fy
CL

2 bars 4 bars 5 bars

Ld

Ld

d or 12db
Ld 5Mn
Required moment Mu / φ

Moment capacity Mn

d or 12db

 7.17 7 >3+ก"1+,"%.กก!%


9, ;+
+
  3# 7.17 #ก"1+,"%.ก# ก
, (ก9, ;+
+#ก# ก#1+  ก% ' %
%+%#1+
 1' #" 
+ก% ' ก!%
  9, ;ก#1+#,"%.ก,3 5 , 9+ %,
"ก!%
"  "
"+ ,(9, ;+
+%+%#ก"1+,"%.ก,"%( 4 , % ,"%( 2 , !"
ก!%
+
+" 
+%+%,"%(# "% "%!+

, (ก+#%,"%.ก, #63ก"1+# ,- :3 ; +

 ")*+ ld ,(
? +%ก!%

9, ;  7 >3ก!%
9, ;#%
ก@,"( 
 
0+,###9  ', ก
 ld ,("#ก!%

9, ;+
+,#%+
 ' 7 >3ก!%
%1"(# กก' 7 >3'ก9, ; Mu/φ
 0ก. ACI 
ก!" +"ก1+#กก!%
 61+"1+,"%.ก0 ก' '%ก d "( 12 , 
, 7 :3 ;ก%,"%.ก,

7.11   *+$,ก$&"
$

   , (
 6 ก;
  , (ก# <!!!ก% (Inflection point) (#ก,%# :"(
,("9, ;  '
ก3# 7.18   'ก% # 9, ;+
+,- 'ก(!"  
' ,"%.ก,#,- ,"%.ก% 
,(
+  ก
63ก1++
+ก%
#9, ;+
+,%# ,- % 'ก,"%.ก% ก."+0  ,(" 

' #ก
? +," #',.#,,"%.ก'ก0#ก, ก
'%ก=7% d "( 12db 
กก

,"%.ก,,:@, ,"%.ก O +
 3  ' ,"%.ก,"%
ก#1
#
 ,'%+ ' 3 %'

7 - 17

 7 
 
 ก 

Face of support
Moment capacity
of bars O
Inflection point
+M
for +As

Inflection point for -As

-M
Moment capacity
of bars M Greatest of d , 12db or Ln/16
C
L of span
for at least 1/3 of -As
Ld
d or 12db
Ld
Bars M
Bars L
Bars N
Bars O
15 cm for at least d or 12db
1/4 of +As
Ld
Ld

 7.18 ก!" +ก"1+,"%.ก ACI

ก!
"#$"%&ก'
1. ,"%.ก,
9, ;'ก N    1/3    ',+#' %   1/4    , ( (
,0 7'1+
   15 . 9+0 +
+
2. #1+
  ',+#'#0 #ก#
+9+ก+
 3# 7.19(ก) %#1++
+ก%
+
 3#
7.19() ,"%.ก,
9, ;'ก#0 !")*# ,ก

Mn
ld ≤ + la (7.24)
Vu

,( Mn = ก!%

9, ;,(,"%.ก,1ก, #" '6 fy
Vu = ,E( %
 . " 
+#
1++
+ก%
 la =  #กก' "'  d "( 12db
% la = )*+,,#1+


1.3Mn /Vu
la
Bar a Bar b
A B
C
Critical section for bar a
at theoretical cutoff
Max ld
for bar b

Total embedment

(ก) ก"1+,"%.ก#%  ',+#'

7 - 18

 7 
 
 ก 

Inflection point

la = d or 12db
Mn /Vu

Bar a
Max ld

(.) ก"1+,"%.ก   , (

 7.19 ก"1+,"%.ก  : (ก)   ',+#'; ()   , (

ก# (7.24) ,- ก!" + กก" '+," #'กก+
+ ,'#,E( # ก%
9, ;+
+#  ,(8ก
กก'ก
' (Splitting) 
ก,ก+ ก
  '## '
 %

 !"
ก1กกD +

 ,%(ก +,"%.ก,
9, ;'ก#!"'' AC 6" 
+'กF
 3# 7.18(ก) 'ก' '' AB  ก###ก#
+กก+
, #1+
  ',+#'  
Mn/Vu  ก (7.24) , #ก 30% 0+' 

Mn
ld ≤ 1.3 + la (7.25)
Vu

3. ,"%.ก
+  #1+ 1/3 
"+# ก
9, ;%#1+
(+,%1++
+
ก%
,- 0 ก' '%ก=7% d, '' 12db "( 1/16 ,  ' "
ก'ก'
, 9+ #ก#1+ +
,". 0+ก,"%.ก M  3# 7.18
, (กก1+"1+,"%.ก  ก%!ก9+,E 9#63ก',";9+'=#%
ก9+0 
=G9, ; 73ก"% ก!" +1+"1+,"%.ก#  #
%'' #'%+>

!"
 ' #,ก(, ก

 !"
ก7 !, %0 "1+,"%.ก
+กก'  !"  3# 7.19 
,- !" #,"
L1/4 L1/3 L2/3 L2/3

0 cm
15 cm 15 cm L2/8
L1/8

L1 L2
(ก)

L1/3 L2/3

L1/7 L1/4 L2/4 L2/4

()
 7.20 ก"1+,"%.ก2 !"
  ''ก%,#ก
%
 !"
ก7 !,

7 - 19

 7 
 
 ก 

7.12 ก
$,ก%!0

,"%.ก, #,  ก#63ก7%ก9+#''2  ก
'+'ก ก  %ก+
!"
ก 9+ก7%#'' 10 , +

 ,( !  "((  , ("%D '#ก ,"%.ก9+
ก D
7
"(กก
"(  9+ก,( 9+
'01+# ,('3 " ก1+##" '
+ก#1+ %'%
ก
 ,(0 ","%.ก,"%.ก1ก,  " 
+63ก ก

 ##ก ,"%.ก'#'," #',#, ก
#0 #ก ,"%.ก ก!" + ACI ก" ' 
0 ,ก+ก'
#1+ ,(6ก!%
+
+31+ #1+ ,"%.ก ก!" + #1+!"
ก 

7
#0',("# ก#"1,#,(  กกก
'  !"
ก0 
7
 ,"%.ก %,
0 ''" ก
 ,ก 0 3# 7.21 +กก" '+ ,"%.ก,#1+  9+" ',
ก:3 ;#%%'# ,  ls  #" 'ก1+( fy
fy
Bar A

Bar B fy
fs = fy
As fy fs = 0
As fy
Bar A fs = 0 fs = fy Bar B
ls

 7.21 กก" ' ,"%.ก 

ACI (ก")#
*ก$"%&ก(  2 )+

- 
 1> A '' ก  ls = 1.0 ld

- 
 1> B '' ก  ls = 1.3 ld

9+#
"+0 ก'  30 . ก,%(ก
 1> ก
 (1) ,;,. ;,"%.ก#63ก ,(
,#ก
! ' 
"+>  % (2) +
" ' ,"%.ก#0 63ก  . !" ##ก ,"%.ก ก 
,"%.ก
+0 6!0+ก
,"%.ก## +"/ ก'  DB36

 7.3 ก ,"%.ก
+
Required As

 
ก     

 
Provided As  As #  #ก
≤ 0.5 50 A ld ก
100 B 1.3 ld 0+
> 0.5 100 B 1.3 ld "%#ก,%#

7 - 20