Name: Period# 2nd Date: 9/11/2020

Muhammad’s Accomplishments
• Until his death
____o___________________________________________________________________. While doing
so he created a political empire.
• He united Bedouin tribes and brought order, justice, and hope of heaven to the people of Arabia

Muhammad’s Death
 Muhammad _____________________________________________________________________. A
Jewish women was seeking revenge for conquering her town.

After Muhammad’s Death

• Muhammad _________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
• As a result panic spread across the empire
• Some clans abandoned Islam
• Some refused to pay taxes
• Some individuals declared themselves prophets

Why did the death of Muhammad cause wide- How would you choose a new leader if you were a
spread panic throughout the Islam Empire? powerful Muslim at the time?

Rightly Guided Caliphs

• The next four caliphs (successor)
- Abu Bakr – father in law/close friend 632-634 – died of illness
- Umar - 641-644
- Uthman – friend – 644-656
- Ali – Son in law 656-661
all had known Muhammad and ____________________________________________________________
• As they ruled they held Muhammad’s example and Islam to guide their decisions
• They became known as the “____________________________” caliphs and their rule as a caliphate

Caliphs Expand the Muslim Empire

• Each of the “rightly-guided” ___________________________________________________________
________________________________ after Muhammad’s death through military force and treaties
• Ali expanded the Muslim Empire throughout most of the Arabian Peninsula
Reasons for Success
• Muslims were ________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
• Great soldiers
• Byzantine and Persian empires were weakened by years of fighting
• Muslim conquerors let the Christians and Jews keep their faith because they were “people of the book”

Civil War
• After Uthman’s (Rightly guided Caliph) death a civil war broke out between different groups of Islam.
• One small group of Muslims believed that the caliph should be chosen by the Muslim Community
• The _______________________________________________________________________________

What is Shariah?
• Shariah (also known as Sharia or Islamic Law) ____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ and penal code.
• It is known as a moral code and a path for Muslims to follow and is used to guide them.
• It is considered sacred and made by God. All other laws are ‘man-made’ laws and inferior to the
Shariah. Since it is God’s law, it is perfect and holy.

Shariah Based on Muhammad’s Life

• Muhammad is considered by all Muslims, in Islamic theology, as the uswa hasana (perfect example).
Since the religion of Islam and the Shariah are based on the same sources, they are very hard to
separate.
• Shariah ________________________________________________________________________, a 7 th
century warrior 'prophet.' While many systems of law have evolved with the passage of time, Shariah
has not. To change __________________________________________________ and God’s ‘prophet’.

What Does Shariah Include?

• Shariah __________________________________________________________________________
• Laws cover Muslim interactions with non-Muslims, sexuality, food (halal), finances, punishments,
rituals, leisure activities, dress, hygiene and more.