Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: __________________

Name of Teacher: ________________________

STE-GE–Q2–W5-13

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

PASAY CITY WEST HIGH SCHOOL

MODULE IN GEOMETRY
STE- Grade 8
Second Quarter/ Week 5/ Day 1

OBJECTIVE: Illustrates the side-angle relations in a triangle.

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

• Illustrates the Side-Angle Relations in a Triangle.

In this lesson, you will be able to show the side angle-relations in a triangle by using the
postulates on congruent triangles.

TRY TO DISCOVER!

Consider an isosceles triangle POM such that

̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑃 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑀. Is ∠𝑃 ≅ ∠𝑀? If we can show that they are
corresponding parts of congruent triangles, then we
can say that they are congruent.

Suppose an angle bisector ̅̅̅̅

𝑂𝑁 is drawn from vertex O intersecting ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑀 at N. Therefore,
∠𝑃𝑂𝑁 ≅ ∠𝑀𝑂𝑁. Which is the third pair of congruent parts? By SAS Congruence Postulate, we have
∆𝑃𝑂𝑁 ≅ ∆𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑁, and ∠𝑃 ≅ ∠𝑀 by CPCTC.

Isosceles Triangle Theorem

If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite those sides are congruent.

Illustrative Example
Prove that an equilateral triangle ABC is also equiangular.
Proof:
Statement Reason
̅̅̅̅
1. 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 1. Definition of an equilateral triangle
2. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐶 2. Isosceles Triangle Theorem
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 3. Definition of an equilateral triangle
4. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐶 4. Isosceles Triangle Theorem
5. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐶 5. Transitive Property
6. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is equiangular 6. Definition of an equiangular triangle

Now, consider ∆𝑅𝑆𝑇 where ∠𝑅 ≅ ∠𝑇.

∆𝑇𝑆𝑅 is a mirror image of ∆𝑅𝑆𝑇.

The figure shows
∠𝑅 ≅ ∠𝑇 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑇 ≅ ∠𝑅 Symmetry
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑅 ≅ 𝑇𝑅 Reflexivity
∆𝑅𝑆𝑇 ≅ ∆𝑇𝑆𝑅 ASA Congruence Postulate
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
Then, 𝑆𝑅 ≅ 𝑆𝑇 and hence, ∆𝑅𝑆𝑇 is an isosceles triangle. Through reasoning, we see that in ∆𝑅𝑆𝑇,
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑆𝑇
if ∠𝑅 ≅ ∠𝑇, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑅 ̅̅̅̅.
Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: __________________
Name of Teacher: ________________________

Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem

If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite those angles are congruent.

Illustrative Example:
Prove that an equiangular triangle ABC is also equilateral.
Proof:
Statement Reason
1. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐶 1. Definition of an equiangular triangle.
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 2. Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem
3. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐵 3. Definition of an equiangular triangle
̅̅̅̅
4. 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 4. Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐶
5. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐶
̅̅̅̅ 5. Transitive Property
6. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is equilateral. 6. Definition of an equilateral triangle

Inequalities in a Triangle
Consider triangle ABC such that 𝐴𝐵 > 𝐴𝐶.
What is the relationship between the angles
opposite the unequal sides? Is 𝑚∠𝐶 > 𝑚∠𝐵?
Actual measurement shows that the statement is
true, but there is a need to reason out why this is so.

Extend ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 to a point D such that ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷. We now have an isosceles triangle ABD. Why?
Follow the statements below and give the reasons for each.
1. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐷
2. 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷
3. 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 > 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶
4. 𝑚∠𝐷 > 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶
5. 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐷
6. 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 > 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷,
𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 > 𝑚∠𝐷
7. 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 > 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑜𝑟 𝑚∠𝐶 > 𝑚∠𝐵
It is shown here that in triangle ABC, if 𝐴𝐵 > 𝐴𝐶, then ∠𝐶 > ∠𝐵.

Theorem
If two sides of a triangle are not congruent, then the angles opposite these two sides are not
congruent, and the larger angle is opposite the longer side.

Illustrative Example
In ∆𝑅𝑆𝑃, 𝑅𝑆 = 35, 𝑅𝑃 = 31, and 𝑃𝑆 = 52.
1. Which is the largest angle?
2. Which is the smallest angle?
Solution:
1. The largest angle is ∠𝑅.
2. The smallest angle is ∠𝑆.

Look at ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 where 𝑚∠𝐶 > 𝑚∠𝐵. What seems to be true about the sides opposite these
angles? Is 𝐴𝐵 > 𝐴𝐶?

Consider the three possibilities:

a. 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶
b. 𝐴𝐵 < 𝐴𝐶
c. 𝐴𝐵 > 𝐴𝐶
1. 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶, then ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is isosceles, and 𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐵, which is false.
2. If 𝐴𝐵 < 𝐴𝐶, then 𝑚∠𝐶 < 𝑚∠𝐵, which is again false.
Both statements above contradict the given fact. The only remaining possibility is the third.
3. If 𝐴𝐵 > 𝐴𝐶, the 𝑚∠𝐶 > 𝑚∠𝐵. This is the only true statement.
Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: __________________
Name of Teacher: ________________________

It is shown that in any triangle ABC, if 𝑚∠𝐶 > 𝑚∠𝐵, then 𝐴𝐵 > 𝐴𝐶.

Theorem
If two angles of a triangle are not congruent, then the sides opposite these two angles are
not congruent, and the longer side is opposite the larger angle.

Illustrative Example
In the accompanying figure, 𝑂𝑃 = 𝑂𝑀, 𝑚∠𝑂𝑃𝑄 = 145, and 𝑚∠𝑃𝑂𝑀 = 110.

1. What is 𝑚∠𝑀?
2. What is 𝑚∠𝑁𝑂𝑃?
3. Which is the longest side of ∆𝑂𝑃𝑀?

Solution:
1. Since the measure of the exterior angle OPQ is 145° and the measure of the interior angle POM
is 110°, therefore 𝑚∠𝑀 = 35.
2. Since the measure of adjacent angle POM is 110°, then 𝑚∠𝑁𝑂𝑃 = 70.
3. Since ∠𝑃𝑂𝑀 is the largest angles so ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑀 is the longest side of ∆𝑂𝑃𝑀.

Based from the above theorems, we have the following:

1. Base angles of an isosceles triangle are 3. If in a triangle, two sides are not congruent, then
congruent. the angles opposite these non-congruent sides are
not congruent and the angle opposite the longer
side is the larger angle.

2. An equilateral triangle is also 4. If in a triangle, two angles are not congruent, then
equiangular. the sides opposite these non-congruent angles are
not congruent and the side opposite the larger angle
is the longer side.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1

A. Given the triangles below, identify the angle opposite the given side.

1. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑀 4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐾𝐷
2. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑁 ̅̅̅̅
5. 𝐾𝑃
̅̅̅̅
3. 𝐴𝑁 6. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝑃

B. Given the triangles below, identify the side opposite the given angle.

1. ∠𝐵 4. ∠𝐴𝑆𝑊
2. ∠𝐵𝑂𝑇 5. ∠𝑆𝐴𝑊
3. ∠𝐵𝑇𝑂 6. ∠𝑆𝑊𝐴
Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: __________________
Name of Teacher: ________________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2:

∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 is isosceles with ∠𝑸 as the vertex angle. Complete the table below.

𝑚∠𝑃 𝑚∠𝑄 𝑚∠𝑅

1. ______ 80 ______
2. 25 ______ ______
3. ______ ______ 48
4. ______ 75 ______
5. ______ ______ 40

SUMMING UP

➢ Base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.

➢ An equilateral triangle is also equiangular.
➢ If in a triangle, two sides are not congruent, then the angles
opposite these non-congruent sides are not congruent and the
angle opposite the longer side is the larger angle.
➢ If in a triangle, two angles are not congruent, then the sides
opposite these non-congruent angles are not congruent and the
side opposite the larger angle is the longer side.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 3:

A. State the relationship that exists between the angles opposite the given sides
(Hint: Sketch the triangle.)

1. In ∆𝑆𝑂𝑁, ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑂 > ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑆 ___________
̅̅̅̅ < 𝐷𝐹
2. In ∆𝐶𝐷𝐹, 𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ ___________
3. In ∆𝑊𝐻𝑌, 𝑊𝐻 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑊𝑌 ___________
̅̅̅̅ > 𝐶𝐷
4. In ∆𝐵𝐶𝐷, 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ > 𝐵𝐷
̅̅̅̅ ___________
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
5. In ∆𝑇𝑂𝑃, 𝑇𝑂 ≅ 𝑂𝑃 ≅ 𝑃𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ ___________

B. State the relationship that exists between the sides opposite the given angles.

1. In ∆𝑃𝑂𝐷, ∠𝑃 > ∠𝐷 ___________

2. In ∆𝑀𝐴𝑁, ∠𝐴 < ∠𝑀 ___________
3. In ∆𝑃𝑁𝐵, ∠𝑃𝑁𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐵𝑃𝑁 ___________
4. In ∆𝑆𝑂𝑁, ∠𝑆 ≅ ∠𝑂 ≅ ∠𝑁 ___________
5. In ∆𝑇𝑃𝐾, ∠𝑇 < ∠𝑃 < ∠𝐾 ___________

Integrated the Development of the Following Learning Skills:

➢ Communication Skills
A. Understanding of words / vocabulary: isosceles, equilateral, congruent
B. Following instructions / directions:
C. Reasoning
D. Responding to ideas
➢ Critical Thinking 4. Character
A. Observation A. Honesty
B. Analysis B. Accuracy
C. Explanation C. Working Independently
➢ Creativity D. Patience
➢ Problem Solving
➢ Writing
Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: __________________
Name of Teacher: ________________________

EVALUATION:

Read each question carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best
answer.

1. Which are congruent in an isosceles triangle?

i. base angles ii. legs iii. vertex angles iv. Bases

A. i and ii C. ii and iv
B. i and iii D. iii and iv

2. Which theorem tells us that “ The angles opposite the congruent sides of an isosceles
triangle are congruent?

A. Perpendicular Bisector Theorem C. Converse of Isosceles Triangle Theorem

B. Isosceles Triangle Theorem D. Angle-Side Inequality Theorem

For items 3 - 5, use the given figure below.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐵
3. If 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅, which angles are guaranteed congruent by the
Isosceles Triangle Theorem?

A. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 C. ∠𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐶

B. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 D. ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵

4. If ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 , then which statement is true?

A. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐵 ≠ ∠𝐶 C. ∠𝐴 < ∠𝐵 < ∠𝐶
B. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐶 D. ∠𝐴 > ∠𝐵 > ∠𝐶

5. If ⊿𝐴𝐵𝐷 ≅ ⊿𝐶𝐵𝐷, which statement of congruence is not true?

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐵
A. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
C. 𝐴𝐷 ̅̅̅̅
B. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 D. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐴

Prepared by:

Digna B. de Leon
Pasay City West High School

References for Further Enhancement:

1. Geometry Textbook for Third Year by Julieta G. Bernabe, et.al., pages 101 - 103
2. Geometry by Virgilio L. Lopez, pages 53 - 54