@\I]I@OH LNNE \DWIDS

ZDALOKCEI] ]DKOCO HIP]\IE

 KOAO AOFOPIPSO 2 Gdrkokmn Lrdcik ]oricok (4?9000?::4)

(4?9000?::4)
Yokmieo Zurlo (4?9<=0?::7)
(4?9<=0?::7)
]ri ukd Hualok Conh (4?90?0?:?:)
Yokti Moadhio (4?9<?0?::7)
(4?9<?0?::7)
]itik Pogiro (4?90?0?::7)
MNPDK ZDKCOAZT 2 Orwomi Pikuroyo, P]., A.]
AO]O ETHHIOF 2 Zdalokceit ]dkoco Histrie

BT\TPOK ZDKMIMIEOK ]DEKIE DHDE]\N

GOETH]OP
GOETH]OP ]DEKIE

TKIWD\PI]OP KDCD\I ADMOK

<:<:
 

Eoto Zdkcoktor

Zdrtoao-toao Zdkuhis adkcu`opeok pubi

pubi syue
syueur
ur edfomirot ]ufok Yokc Aofo
Aofo Dso
yokc tdhof adaldrieok rofaot mok eorukioKyo sdrto edsdfotok edpomo pdkuhis sdfikcco

aoapu adkydhdsoieok tocifok pdaldhoborok @riti`oh Lnne \dvidw yokc ldrbumuh ‘Cdkdrotnr
‑. @riti`oh Lnne \dvidw iki misusuk mdkcok foropok mopot adkoalof wowosok mok
 pdkcdtofuok eito sdrto ao
aoapu
apu adaldri tokccopok sdrto eritieok tdrfomop suotu pdalofosok
mdkcok sualdr yokc ldrldmo. Zdkuhis adkyomori lofwo @riti`oh Lnne \dvidw yokc misusuk
aosif bouf mori eoto edsdapurkook. Aosif omo tdrmopot edeurokcok mohoa adkyusuk mok
adkyoapoieok aotdri yokc sdsuoi mdkcok bumuh tnpie. E
Eordko
ordko itu Zdkuhis sokcot adkoktieok
sorok mok eritie mori pdalo`o yokc sigotkyo adalokcuk cuko sdapurko kyo @riti`oh Lnne
\dvidw iki.

Oefir eoto, Zdkuhis ldrforop sdanco @riti`oh Lnne

Lnne \dvidw iki mopot adaldrieok
wowosok mok pdkcdtofuok loci siopo sobo yokc adadrhueokkyo miaoso yokc oeok motokc.

Admok, Netnldr <:<:

Zdkuhis

i
 

MOG]O\ IPI
Eoto Zdkcoktor ............................................
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........... i
Mogtor Isi ....................
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..................... ii
LOL I ZDKMOFTHTOK ........................
..............................................
.............................................
............................................
...................................
.............. ?
?.? \osinkohisosi
\osinkoh isosi Zdktikcyo
Zdktikcyo @riti`oh Lnne \dvidw..................................
\dvidw........................................................
................................
.......... ?
?.< ]ubuok Zdkuhisok @riti`oh Lnne \dvidw .............................
...................................................
.............................................
.........................
.. ?
?.0 Aokgoot ..........................................
................................................................
............................................
.............................................
........................................
................. ?
?.= Imdktitos Lueu ..................................................
.........................................................................
............................................
...........................................
...................... <
LOL II \IKCEOPOK IPI LTET ......................
............................................
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.........................
... 0
<.? Enkstruesi Cdkdrotnr ...............................................
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.............. 0
<.< Zriksip Edrbo Cdkdrotnr ....................................
..........................................................
............................................
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..................... 6
<.0 Zdkcoturok ]dcokcok mok Grdeudksi Cdkdrotnr
Cdkdro tnr .......................................
.............................................................
........................ ?=
<.= Adaporohdheok Cdkdrotnr ...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
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........ ?7
<.4 Zdadhiforook Cdkdrotnr ............................
..................................................
.............................................
.............................................
..........................
.... ?9
<.7 Adkcimdktigieosi mok Adapdrloiei
Adapd rloiei Cokccuok pomo Cdkdrotnr ......................................
...................................... <<
LOL III ZDALOFOPOK ........................
..............................................
.............................................
............................................
.................................
............ <4
0.? Zdalofosok isi Lueu .............
....................................
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....................... <4
0.< Edhdlifok
Edhdli fok mok edhdaofok isi lueu .................................
.......................................................
.............................................
...........................
.... <7
LOL IW ZDKT]TZ ...................................................
..........................................................................
.............................................
.....................................
............... <9
=.? Edsiapuhok ...........................................
..................................................................
............................................
.............................................
...............................
....... <9
=.< Porok ..........................................
.................................................................
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................... <9
MOG]O\ ZTP]OEO ............................................
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................... 0:

ii
 

LOL I
ZDKMOFTHTOK

O. \osinkohisosi Zdktikckyo @riti`oh Lnne \dvidw

@riti`oh Lnne \dvidw omohof adalokmikceok sotu lueu mdkcok lueu yokc hoik
mdkcok aotdri otou pdalofosok yokc soao. Foh iki ldrtubuok uktue adkihoi mok adkceritie
edhdlifok mok edhdaofok oktoro muo lueu mok adkorie edsiapuhok sdlocoi fosih @riti`oh
Lnne \dvidw. Edaumiok sdtdhof eito liso adkdaueok ldldropo edeurokcok tdrsdlut aoeo
mopot adapdrnhdf suotu ikgnraosi yokc enapdtdk pomo lueu tdrsdlut mdkcok `oro
adkccolukceok
adkccolukceok ldldropo ikgnraosi mori lueu pdalokmikckyo.
@riti`oh lnne \dvidw adhotif miri uktue ldrgieir eritis mohoa adk`ori ikgnraosi yokc
mildrieok nhdf sdtiop pdalofosok mori lueu pdrtoao mok edmuo mok aoapu adkcuhos isi
 lueu pdrtoao mok edmuo.

L. ]ubuok Zdkuhisok @riti`oh Lnne \dvidw

?.  Adadkufi tocifok tucos mohoa aoto euhiof Zdalokceit ]dkoco Histrie
<.  Adkoalof wowosok sdrto ihau pdkcdtofuok
0.  Adkikceoteok edaoapuok aofosiswo mohoa adrdvidw sdluof lueu
=.  Adkcuoteok moyo pdaofoaok mok pdaieirok aofosiswo uktue robik adalo`o lueu

@. Aokgoot
Mohoa pdaluotok @riti`oh Lnne \dvidw, edciotok ldraokgoot uktua adkoalof
wowosok pomo aofosiswo yokc adkcdrboeok sdrto yokc adalo`o fosih @L\ tdrsdlut. Mi
soapikc itu, @L\ buco aoapu adaldrieok pdkcoruf ocor aofosiswo sdhohu robik uktue
sdhohu upmotd adkcdkoi ikgnraosi yokc ldrlou ihau pdkcdtofuok efususkyo mohoa
adaofoai aotdri cdkdrotnr mok protieuakyo.

?
 

M.Imdktitos Lueu

?.  Bumuh 2 Cdkdrotnr

<.  Zdkcorokc 2 Mr. Loforummik, P]., A.Zm
0.  Zdkdrlit 2 Tkiadm Zrdss
=.  Ento ]drlit 2 Admok
4.  ]ofuk ]drlit 2 <:?4
7.  IPLK 2 936-7:<-:666-:6-6

<
 

LOL II
ZDALOFOPOK
?.? Enkstruesi Cdkdrotnr
o. Enapnkdk Ttoao Cdkdrotnr
o.? Cdkdrotnr M@
]drmiri mori muo lociok, yoitustotnr,yoitu lociok adsik M@ yokc mioa, mok lociok
rntnr, yoitu lociok adsik M@ yokc ldrputor. Lociok stort tdrmiri mori rokceo antnr, ldhitok
stotnr sieot orokc, ldorikc mok tdraikoh lnx. Pdmokceok lociok rntnr tdrmiri mori enautotnr,
 ldhitok rntnr, eipos rntnr mok pnrns rntnr.
   Lomok cdkdrotnr (rokceo), gukcsi utoaoky omohof sdlocoi lociok mori tdapot
adkcohirkyo ghues aockit yokc mifosiheok eutul-eutul aockdt, eordko itu lomok
cdkdrotnr miluot mori lofok gdrrnaockdti`
   Aockdt pdkcuot mok Euaporok Zdkcuot admok, miaoko aockdt pdkcuot tdrmiri mori
ikti eutul mok sdpotu eutul. Euaporok pdkcuot otou euaporok eutul tdrluot mori
eowot tdaloco (ldrldktue luhot otou pdrsdci) yokc mihihiteok sdmdaieiok rupo mdkcok
ueurok tdrtdktu.
   Pieot, gukcsikyo omohof uktue bdalotok loci ohirok orus mori hihitok bokceor mdkcok
 ldlok
   Enautotnr, ldrgukcsi sdlocoi pdkydorof adeokie
   Bokceor, uaua micukoeok yokc ldrldktue sihikmdr yokc mildri ohur-ohur pomo
 pdraueookkyo uktue tdapot
tdapo t adhihiteok euaporok-euaporok tdapot tdrldktuekyo cch
ikmuesi.
   Ldhitok bokceor, ldrgukcsi sdlocoi tdapot
t dapot tdrldktuekyo cch ikmuesi.
o.< Cdkdrotnr O@
Cdkdrotnr orus lnhoe-lohie ldrgukcsi adkculof tdkoco adeokis adkbomi tdkoco histrie
orus lnhoe-lohie. Cdkdrotnr orus lnhoe-lohe sdrikc misdlut buco sdlocoi ohtdrkotnr, cdkdrotnr
O@, otou cdkdrotnr sikernk. Mieotoeok cdkdrotnr siernk eordko buahof putorok rntnrkyo soao
mdkcok buahof putorok admok aockdt pomo stotnr. Ldrmosoreok sistda pdalokceitokkyo.
Cdkdrotnr O@ mopot miloci adkbomi
adkbo mi < yoitu 2
   Cdkdrotnr ? goso, miaoko mohoa sista adhihitkyo fokyo tdrmiri mori sotu euapuhok
euaporok yokc fokyo mihueiseok mdkcok sotu coris mok mohoa foh iki timoe
mipdrfotieok lokyoekyo hihitok.

0
 

   Cdkdrotnr 0 goso, miaoko mohoa sistda adhihitkyo tdrmiri mori tico euapuhok euaporok
yokc aoko euaporok tdrsdlut aosikc-aosikc mikoaoeok hihitok goso .
Adsikernk mopot minpdrosi sdlocoi cdkdrotnr aoupuk antnr. Adsik sikernk liho
migukcsieok sdlocoi antnr ldrputor mohoa ed`dpotok enkstok. Enktruesi mori adsik sikernk
 loie sdlocoi cdkdrotnr aoupuk sdlocoi antnr omohof soao, pdrldmookkyo fokyo pomo priksip

edrbokyo.
Zomo uauakyo cdkdrotnr sikernk ueurokkyo hdlif ldsor moripomo cdkdrotnr orus sdorof
mdaieiok puho eopositoskyo. Pdlocoi cdkdrotnr, ldldropo adsik sikernk sdrikc minpdrosieo
sd`oro porohdh,sdpdrti mi pusot-pusot pdalokceit. Omopuk tubuok adaporohdheok cdkdrotnr
omohof omokyo pdalociok ldlok oktoro cdkdrotnr yokc sotu mdkcok yokc hoikkyo.
Enkstruesi mori sdluof cdkdrotnr sd`oro coris ldsor tdrmiri otos 2
   Zdkcuotok (dx`itdr), uktue adalokceiteok ghues aockdti` mipdrhueok pdkcuotok M@.
Mopot mipdrnhdf mori cdkdrotnr M@ pdkcuotok sdkmiri yokc sdpnrns mdkcok rntnr
cdkdrotnr.

  \ntnr, micukoeok tdrcoktukc pomo ed`dpotok cdkdrotnr. Cdkdrotnr mdkcok ed`dpotok



tikcci sdpdrti turln cdkdrotnr adapukyoi ldktue rntnr sihikmdr, sdmokceok cdkdrotnr
mdkcok ed`dpotok rdkmof sdpdrti Zralokceit Histrie ]dkoco Oir.
   Ptotnr, tdrlout mori ldsi aockdti` yokc ldrldktue hoaikosi uktue adkcurokci ruci-
ruci orus pusor. Mdkcok ikti aockdtie yokc loie ldrorti pdradolihitos mok rdsistigitos
mori lofok oeok sdaoeik
sdaoei k tikcci.

 l. Bdkis Ldhitok Cdkdrotnr

 l.? Ldhitok Potu Hopis

Liho euaporok tico goso miauhoi pomo Po,Pl, mok P` mok ldroefir mi go, gl mok g` liso
misotueok mohoa muo `oro, yoitu fulukcok liktokc mok sdcitico. Oktor euaporok goso
mipisofeok sdldsor ?<: mdrobot histrie otou 7: mdrobot adeokie, sotu siehus cch pdkuf
adkcfosiheok rntnr mdkcok = eutul ldrputor ?6: mdrobot adeokis. Potu siehus cch pdkuf
adkukbueeok 07: mdrobot histrie, omopuk fulukcok oktoro sumut rntnr adeokis mok sumut
histrie, omopuk fulukcok oktoro sumut rntnr adeokis (   mok sumut histrie    omohof 2
 1 <     
 

=
 

 l.< Ldhitok Ldrhopis Cokmo

Euaporok stotnr fokyo adapukyoi
adapukyoi sotu ldhitok pdreutul
pdreutul pdrgoso, oeilotkyo
oeilotkyo aosikc-
aosikc euaporok
euaporok fokyo muo ldhitok sd`oro sdri. Liho ohur-ohur timoe tdrhohu hdlor, aosikc-
aosikc pdkcfoktor yokc ldromo mohoa ohur oeok adalokceiteok tdcokcok yokc soao.

`. @CH Ikmuesi pomo Cdkdrotnr

`.? CCH Ikmuesi
Edtieo eutul utoro aockdt lotokc micdroeeok aosue ed mohoa euaporok, buahof
coris coyo-coyo aockdt yokc tdrmopot mi mohoa euaporok ldrtoalof lokyoe. Ldrtoalofkyo
 buahof coris-coris coyo iki adkialuheok CCH ikmuesi pomo ubukc-ubukc euaporok. CCH
ikmuesi yokc mitialuheok adkydloleok orus histrie adkcohir adkccdroeeok borua
cohvoknadtdr,
Edtieo eutul utoro aockdt lotokc micdroeeok edhuor mori mohoa euaporok, buahof
coris-coris coyo aockdt yokc tdrmopot mi mohoa euaporok ldreurokc.Ldreurokckyo buahof
coris-coris coyo iki buco adkialuheok CCH ikmuesi pomo ubukc-ubukc euaporok. CCH
ikmuesi yokc mitialuheok adkydloleok orus histrie adkcohir mok adkccdroeek borus
cohvoknadtdr.
Edtieo eutul utoro aockdt lotokc mioa mi mohoa euaporok, buahof coris-coris coyo
aockdt mi mohoa euaporok timoe tdrbomi pdrulofok (tdtop). Eordko buahof coris-coris coyo
tdtop, aoeo pomo ubukc-ubukc euaporok timoe tdrbomi CCH ikmuesi. Oeilotkyo, timoe tdrbomi
orus histrie mok borua cohvoknadtdr timoe ldrcdroe. Bomi, CCH ikmuesi mopot tdrbomi pomo
edmuo ubukc euaporok bieo mimohoa euaporok tdrbomi pdrulofok buahof coris-coris coyo

4
 

aockdt (ghues aockdti`). CCH yokc tialuh oeilot omokyo pdrulofok buahof coris-coris coyo
aockdt mohoa euaporok misdlut CCH ikmuesi. Orus histrie yokc mitialuheok CCH ikmuesi
misdlut orus ikmuesi.
`.< Goetnr yokc Adapdkcorufi Ldsor CCH Ikmuesi
Omo tico goetnr yokc adadkcorufi CCH ikmuesi, yoitu 2

?.  Ed`dpotok cdroeok aockdt otou ed`dpotok pdrulofok buahof coris-coris coyo aockdt
(ghues aockdti`)
<.  Buahof hihitok
0.  Admok Aockdt

o.  Goetnr mistrilusi (Em), tdrmiri mori sdbuahof ldhitok yokc mitdapoteok mohoa ohur
sd`oro tdrpisof sdfikcco cch pomo tdraikoh adkbomi hdlif ed`ih liho milokmikceok
mdkcok euaporok yokc tdhof mipusoteok. Goetnr iki sdhohu hdlif ed`ih m
mori
ori sotu.
Miosuasieok omo kohur pdrgoso pdr eutul, boroe oktoro ohur mohoa mdrobot histrie

omohof2
 1 6 
 Ó 

Pdauo cch iki mitukbueeok aosikc-aosikc nhdf pfosnr  1        

7
 

]ntoh cch stotnr D hdlif ed`ih milokmikceok buahof ohbolor mori cch ldhitok nhdf goetnr

 1 ℋ  1 +Ó+

ℋ +   mdkcok  1 
(
(⁍⁍)

 
 )

 l.  Goetnr Eisor (Ep), coalor milowof adapdrhifoteok ldktue eisor mori sdluof
euaporok, liho sisi ldhitok mihdtoeeok mohoa ohur ? mok 3 misdlut eisor pdkuf,
sdmokceok liho mihdtoeeok mohoa ohur ? mok 7 misdlut eisor pdkmde, eordko iki soao
mdkcok 4/7
eisor eutul
eutul 2 4/7 1 4/7
4/7 x ?6: mdrobot 1 ?4: mdrobot
?/7 1 ?.7 x ?6: mdrobot 1 0: mdrobot

3
 

Eisor pdkmde sdrikc micukoeok, eordko adapukyoi ldldropo eduktukcok mioktorokyo2

  Adkcfdaot tdkoco yokc micukoeok
  Adapdrloiei ldktue cdhnalokc mori tdcokcok yokc milokceiteok
  Edruciok orus pusor mok Fystrisis mieurokci
Pdmokceok eisor pdkmde mdkcok sumut 0: mdrobot histrie, sdpdrti mipdrhifoteok pomo

coalor mi lowof, aoeo tdcokcok rdsuhtokkyo omohof 2  Ó`ns((0:⁍ ) 

 1 <<  Ó`ns
 1  1  Ó

/ 1 `n
`ns
s?4
?4
 
  1`ns 1`ns  1sik < 
  
`.  Coyo Cdroe Histrie (CCH), forus mipdrfotieok goetnr mistrilusi mok goetnr eisor.
Opoliho R1 buahof pdkcfoktor otou sisi ldhitok mohoa sdri pdrgoso-<], sdmokceok ] 1
 buahof ldhitok pdrgoso.

∄ 1 ∄   1 7: 

CCH ikmuesi roto-roto pdr pdkcfoktor 2

 1 ∄/ 1 ∄ 7:  1 ∄ ∄/7
/7:: 
Pdmokceok 2 
  1 Ó     1 
  

?.< Zriksip Edrbo Cdkdrotnr

o. Fueua yokc tdreoit mdkcok priksip Edrbo Cdkdrotnr
Mohoa mukio histrie miedkoh ldldropo fneua mosor histrie, yoitu 2
   Fueua Goromoy, ssdnrokc ihauwok bdkius mori ikccris
i kccris mok adkyotoeok lofwo 2
?.  Bieo sdluof pdkcfoktor adantnkc coris-coris coyo mori suotu admok aockdtie (ghux)

yokc enkstok, aoeo pomo pdkcfoktor tdrsdlut oeok tialuh tdcokcok ikmuesi

6
 

<.  Zdrulofok ghux admok aockdtie mimohoa suotu rokceoiok lofok pdkcfoktor, oeok
adkialuheok tdcokcok ikmuesi pomo rokceoiok tdrsdlut

Ldsorkyo D ikmuesi yokc milokceitoek sdsuoi mdkcok fneua goromoy, yoit

yoituu2
 1  ∄/  
Tktue adkdktueok orof orus mok tdcokcok yokc miikmuesieok pomo enkmuetnr pomo sdtiop
mdtie ldrhoeu fneua tokcok eokok Ghdaikc.
   Fueua Oapdrd-Lint-Povort,
Oapdrd-Lint-Povort, adkyotoeok lofwo ‘ Coyo oeok mifosiheok nhdf orus
histre
histre yokc adkcohir pomo suotu pdkcfoktor yokc ldromo mioktoro admok aockdtie‑.
Foh iki buco adrupoeok edlohieok mori fneua Goromoy, miaoko io adaprdmiesieok
 lofwo tdcokcok ikmuesi oeok tialuh pomo pdkcfoktor yokc ldrcdroe
ldr cdroe mok adantnkc
admok aockdtie.

∇1 ∇ 
  /  
   Fueua Hdkz, adkyotoeok lofwo ‘ orus ikmuesi dhdetrnaockdtie mok coyo oeok sdhohu
sdho hu
 ldrusofo uktue sohikc adkiomoeok (coyo oesi mok rdoesi). Fueua hdkz ikihof yokc
adkbdhoseok adkcdkoi priksip edrbo mori adsik histrie mikoais yoitu cdkdrotnr mok

antnr.

9
 

   Enkvdrsi Dkdrci Dhdetrnaockdtie, adkyotoeok 2 ‘sdauo dkdrci histrie mok dkdrcy

adeokie adkcohir edmohoa adsik, mok fokyo sdlociok ed`ih sobo mori dkdrcy histrie
mok dkdrcy adeokie yokc adkcohir edhuor adsik otoupuk misiapok mimohoa adsik itu
sdkmiri, sdmokceok dkdrci yokc tdrluokc tdrsdlut mohoa ldktue pokos‑. Pdmokceok
fneua ededeohok dkdrcy adkyotoeok ‘ dkdrcy timoe mopot mi`iptoeok, koauk mopot
 ldrulof ldktue mori sotu ldktue dkdrcy ed ldktue dkdrcy hoikkyo‑

?:
 

 l. Zrnsds Zdalokceitok CCH Ikmuesi

 l.? Cdkdrotnr M@
Zriksip edrbo suotu cdkdrotnr orus sdorof ldrmsoreok fneua goromoy, 1  / .
Mdkcok hoik pdreotook, opoliho suotu enkmuetnr adantnkc coris-coris ghues aockdtie yokc
 ldulof-ulof, aoeo CCH oeok milokceiteok mohoa enkmuetnr itu. Tktue adkmopoteok orus

sdorof mori orus

o rus lnhoe-lohie mdkcok adkccukoeok 2
  Poehor, ldrgukcsi uktue adkcfulukc sikceoteok ubukc-ubukc euaporok, Zriksip
erbokyo omohof liho euaporok bokceor ldrputor, aoeo pomo edmuo ubukc euaporok
oeok tialuh tdcokcok yokc sikusnimo. Liho sdtdkcof pdrinmd tdcokcok pnsitig soehor mi
fulukceok,
fulukceok, aoeo tdcokcok
t dcokcok adkbomi knh.
   Enautotnr, ldrgukcsi sdlocoi soehor, yoitu uktue adkcfulukc sikceoteok euaporok
 bokceor. Enautotnr ldrupo `ik`ik
`i k`ik ldhof yokc miposokc pomo ubukc euaporok bokceor.
Liho euaporok tdhof ldrputor sdtdkcof putorok, sieot oeok adkutup `dhof `ik`ik
sdfikcco tdcokcok adkbomi knh. Eordko `ik`ik ldrputor tdrus, aoeo `dhof oeok

tdrlueo hoci mok tialuh tdcokcok hoci. Liho pdrinmo tdcokcok soao mdkcok pdrinmd
 pdrputorok `ik`ik, tdcokcok yokc tialuh omohof tdcokcok orus sdorof cdhnalokc
 pdkuf.
   Pistda minmo, minmd omohof enapndk posig yokc adaihiei sigot gnrworm lios mok
rdsdrvd lios. Ldrmosoreok ldktue cdhnalokc yokc mifosiheok, minmd miloci adkbomi
Fohg Sovd rd`tigidr mok Guhh Sovd rd`tigidr.
EO\OE]D\IP]IE CDKD\O]N\ M@
Admok aockdt pomo cdkdrotnr mopot milokceiteok mdkcok aockdt pdraokdk mok
aockdt rdaokdk. Cdkdrotnr histrie mdkcok aockdt pdraokdk sdrikc buco misdlut mdkcok

aockdtn mykoan, eordko lokyoe edeurokcokkyo, aoeo sdeorokc borokc micukoeok.

Pdmokceok cdkdrotnr mdkcok aockdt rdaokdk adkccukoeok admok aockdt histrie,
adapukyoi edhdlifok-edhdlifok yoitu admok aockdt yokc milokceiteok mopot miotur.
Zomo cdkdrotnr orus sdorof mopot ldrhoeu fulukcok-fulukcok sdlocoi ldrieut 2
 1 ɶ   / 7:  
 
Liho zZ/7:o 1 ` (enkstokto) aoeo 2
 1 ɶ
ɶ 
 
?.  Cdkdrotnr ldrpdkcuotok ldlos, cdkdrotnr mdkcok hihitok admokkyo mopot
mifulukceok ed sualdr M@ yokc sd`oro histrie timoe tdrcoktukc mori adsik.

??
 

11      

<.  Cdkdrotnr ldrpdkcuotok sdkmiri,
Cdkdrotnr sdorof sdri

 1  
 1  (    )    8  
Cdkdrotnr sfukt

?<
 

 1    
 1    8  
0.  Cdkdrotnr enapnk, adrupoeok colukcok mori cdkdrotnr sfukt mok cdkdrotnr sdri,
yokc mihdkceopi mdkcok euaporok sfukt mok sdri mdkcok sigot yokc miaihiei
adrupoeok colukcok mori edmuokyo.
edmuokyo.
Enapnk Zokbokc

 1  1    
 1    (  ) 8  
Enapnk pdkmde

 1    1    

?0
 

 1      8  

Pistda desitosi omohof sistda posneok histrie M@ sdlocoi pdkcuotok pomo cdkdrotnr histrie
otou sdlocoi pdalokceit admok aockdt, sdfikcco suotu cdkdrotnr mopot adkcfosiheok
dkdrcy histrie mdkcok ldsor tdcokcok edhuoro cdkdrotnr ldrcoktukc pomo ldsorkyo orus
desitosikyo. Pistda desitosi pomo cdkdrotnr histrie mopot mildmoeok adkbomi muo ao`oa yoitu

sistda desitosi mdkcok adkccukoeok sieot (lrusf dx`itotink) mok sistda desitosi tokpo sieot
(lrusfhdss dx`itotink)

 l.< Cdkdrotnr O@
Cdkdrotnr O@ ldedrbo ldrmosoreok otos priksip mosor ikmuesi dhdetrnaockdtie.
]dcokcok lnhoe-lohie oeok milokceiteok ndhf putorok admok aockdtie mohoa euaporok
 bokceor yokc mioa. Mohoa foh iki euaporok admok tdrhdtoe pomo lociok yokc soao mdkcok

rntnr mori cdkdrotnr. Kihoi mori tdcokcok yokc milokceiteok ldrcoktukc pomo 2
  Buahof mori hihitok mohoa euaporok
   Euot admok aockdtie, aoeik euot admok aoeik ldsor tdcokcok yokc miikmuesieok
   Ed`dpotok putor mori cdkdrotnr itu sdkmiri
Zriksip cdkdrotnr iki sd`oro sdmdrfoko mopot mibdhoseok lofwo tdcokcok oeok
miikmuesieok pomo enkmuetnr opoliho enkmuetnr tdrsdlut ldrcdroe pomo admok aockdt
sdfikcco adantnkc coris-coris coyo. Fueua tokcok eokok ldrhoeu pomo cdkdrotnr miaoko
adkydluteok lofwo tdrmopot fulukcok oktoro pdkcfoktor ldrcdroe, orof admok aockdt, mok
orof rdsuhtok mori ohirok orus yokc tdrikmuesi.

Grdeudksi dhdetris yokc mifosiheok mori cdkdrotnr sikernk omohof sikernk mdkcok
ed`dpotok putor cdkdrotnr. Fulukcok oktoro ed`dpotok putor admok aockdt pomo adsik
mdkcok grdeudksi dhdetre pomo stotnr omohof 2

  1 7: Ó < 
Tktue hdlif adaofoai rdoesi bokceor pomo cdkdrotnr O@, forus tdrhdlif mofuhu
adaofoai eoroetdristie cdkdrotnr tokpo ldlok mok yokc ldrldlok.
   Cdkdrotnr tokpo ldlok (ldlok knh), cdkdrotnr miputor pomo ed`dpotok sikernk
edaumiok rntnr mildri orus admok (ig). Aoeo pomo euaporok stotnr oeok miikmuesieok
tdcokcok tokpo ldlok sdldsor 2  
 1∄
?=
 

   Cdkdrotnr ldrldlok, euaporok bokceor stotnr oeok miohiri orus mok adkialuheok
∄. Ghues bokceor yokc mitialuheok tdrsdlut oeok ldriktdroesi mdkcok
ghuesi bokceor (
ghues yokc mifosiheok nhdf euaporok admok pomo rntnr ( ∄ , sdfikcco oeok
adkcfosiheok ghues rdsuhtok sdldsor 2
∄ 1 ∄  ∄ 
Adkdktueok
Adkdktueok \doetoksi Pikernk (Vs)
   Zdr`nlook ldlok knh, mihoeueok pomo ed`dpotok sikernk mdkcok rokceoiok bokceor
tdrlueo (ldlok knh). Zdr`nlook mihoeueok mdkcok `oro adkcotur orus admok mori knh
soapoi rotikc tdcokcok nutput tdraikoh tdr`opoi.
   Zdr`nlook fulukc sikceot, tdraikoh cdkdrotnr mifulukc sikceoteok mdkcok
oapdrdadtdr yokc mihdtoeeok oktoro muo pdkcfoktor. Orus admok mikoieeok sd`oro
 ldrtofop soapoi mipdrnhdf orus bokceor aoesiaua.

?.0 Zdkcoturok ]dcokcok mok Grdeudksi Cdkdrotnr

o. Zdkcoturok tdcokcok pomo Cdkdrotnr
]dcokcok mori siapuh mi CI mok tdcokcok mi Zusot Histrie ldrsoao-soao adaldktue
 prngih tdcokcok sistda. Ldrldmo mdkcok grdeudksi yokc soao mohoa sdauo lociok sistda,
tdcokcok timoe soao mohoa sdtiop lociok sistda sdfikcco pdkcoturok tdcokcok hdlif suhit
milokmikceok mdkcok pdkcoturok grdeudksi. Zdkcoturok tdcokcok omohof pdrulofok tdcokcok
tdraikoh pomo edomook ldlok knh (tokpo ldlok) mok tdcokcok tdraikoh pomo edomook

 ldrldlok, yokc mikyotoeok

mikyotoeok mdkcok pdrsoaook 2 % 


  1 ∜  Ó?::% 

 l. Adtnmd yokc micukoeok
micukoeok mohoa pdkcoturok tdcokc
tdcokcok
ok Cdkdrotnr
   Adtnmd Iapdmoksi Pikernk (Rs), hokceof-hokceofkyo 2
o)  ]dktueok kihoi iapdmoksi sikernk (Rs) mori eoroetdristie ldlok knh mok
eoroetdristie fulukc sikceot
 l)  ]dktueok kihoi \o ldrmosoreok fosih pdkcueurok mok pdrfitukcok
`)  Fitukc kihoi rdoetoksi sikernk (Rs)
m)  Fitukc forco tdcokcok ldlok kknh (  
d)  Fitukc pdrsdktosd pdkcoturok tdcokcok, mdkcok pdrsoaook
pdrsoaoo k 2

1 − 
    
?4
 

1 − 
    
 1 − 
 
  

 sik 
   Adtnmd oapdr hihit, mipdrnhdf mori pdr`nlook ldlok knh mok fulukc sikceot. Mdkcok
adtnmd iki rdoetoksi mioloeok mok rdoesi bokceor mipdrfitukceok. Omopuk hokceof-
hokceof adkdktueok kihoi orus admok yokc mipdrhueok, yoeki 2
o)  ]dktueok kihoi orus admok (vd`tnr NO) mori pdr`nlook ldlok knh yokc
mipdrhueok
 l)  ]dktueok kihoi orus admok (vd`tnr OL) mori pdr`nlook fulukc sikceot yokc
mipdrhueok uktue adkmopoteok orus soot cdkdrotnr ldrldlok.
`)  Coaloreok miocroa vdetnrkyo mdkcok adapdrfotieok goetnr moyokyo.
   Adtnmd Zntidr otou Goetnr Moyo Knh, ldrmosoreok pomo pdaisofok edruciok oeilot
rdoetoksi ln`nr mok pdkcoruf rdoetoksi bokceor. Moto yokc mipdrhueok omohof
eoroetdristie ldlok knh mok eoroetdristie ldrldlok. Hokceof-hokceof uktue
adkccoalor miocroa pntidr omohof sdlocoi ldrieut.
o)  Zomo ed`dpotok sikernk mdkcok ldlok rdoetnr, otur orus admok soapoi
tdcokcok knaikoh mok ldlok rdoetoksi adk`opoi orus knaikoh
 l)  Coaloreok coris sdbobor adhohui eurvo ldlok knh. Luot titie O yokc
adkukbueeok kihoi orus admok pomo pdr`nlook goetnr moyo knh pomo soot
tdcokcok knaikoh
`)  Luot titie L, ldrmosoreok pdr`nlook fulukc sikceot mdkcok orus bokceor
 pdkuf. NL adkukbueeok
adkukbueeok kihoi orus admok pomo soot pdr`nlook tdrsdlut
m)  ]orie coris OM yokc soao mok sdbobor coris NL
d)  Adhohui titie M torie coris sdbobor eurvo soapoi adantnkc eurvo ldlok knh
mititie B. Pdcitico OMB misdlut sdcitico pntidr.
g)  Coalor coris BG tdcoe hurus OM,pokbokc BG adkukbueeok botuf tdcokcok
oeilot rdoetoksi ln`nr
c)  Adkukbueeok ldsorkyo orus admok yokc milutuf eok uktue adkcotosi dgde
aockdtisosi
f)  MG uktue pdkydialokc rdoetoksi ln`nr bokceor BG

?7
 

`. Zdkcoturok Grdeudksi pomo Cdkdrotnr

Ed`dpotok putorok rntnr oeok adapdkcorufi grdeudksi histrie yokc mifosiheok
cdkdrotnr. \ntnr tdrmiri otos rokceoiok dhd`trnaockdt mdkcok suphoi orus sdorof (M@) uktue
adaldktue admok aockdt pomo rntnr. Fulukcok oktoro ed`dpotok putorok admok aockdt
 pomo rntnr mdkcok grdeudksi histrie pomo stotnr omohof 2

  1 Ó  Fdrtz
Mori ruaus miotos tdrhifot lofwo grdeudksi yokc mifosiheok cdkdrotnr sokcot

mipdkcorufi nhdf ed`dpotok putorok rntnr mok buahof

b uahof eutul aockdt pomo cdkdrotnr.
?.= Adaporohdheok Cdkdrotnr
o. Pyorot uktue adaporohdheok Cdkdrotnr
Pyorot-syorot yokc forus mipdkufi uktue adaporohdheok muo cdkdrotnr otou hdlif
omohof sdlocoi ldrieut 2
   ]dcokcok edmuo cdkdrotnr forus soao ldsor
   Grdeudksi cdkdrotnr forus soao
   Goso edmuo cdkdrotnr forus soao
   Trutok goso, edmuo cdkdrotnr forus soao
Omo ldldropo adtnmd otou `oro uktue adaporohdheok cdkdrotnr yokc adkco`u pomo
syorot-syorot mi otos, yoitu 2
   Zdrsyorotok pdrtoao oeok tdrpdkufi liho cdhnalokc tdcokcok yokc mifosiheok edmuo
cdkdrotnr adapkyoi oaphitumd yokc soao
   Zdrsyortok edmuo grdeudksi mieotoeok soao liho cdhnalokc tdcokcok mori edmuo
cdkdrotnr mihoeueok pomo foktorok goso yokc sdkoao
   Zdrsyorotok edtico oeok tdrpdkufi bieo pomo soot edmuo cdhnalokc tdcokcok sohikc
 ldrfiapit
   Zdrsyorotok eddapot oeok tdrpkufi bieo goso edmuo cdkdrotnr mihoeueok pomo foktorok
goso yokc sdkoao

?3
 

 l. Hokceof yokc

yokc micukoeok uktue adaporohdheok Cdkdrotnr
Cdkdrotnr
@oro Hoapu Ldrputor mok Wnhtadtdr
Luot rokceoiok sdpdrti pomo coalor milowof. Zihif hoapu mdkok tdcokcok edrbo muo
eohi tdcokcok goso kdtroh cdkdrotnr otou cukoeok muo hoapu yokc mifulukceok sd`oro sdri.

Mohoa edomook soeohor P tdrlueo, hoeueok pdkcnpdrosiok cdkdrotnr, edaumio hifot urutok
kyoho hoapu. Trutok hoapu oeok ldrulof adkurut urutok H?-H<-H0-H?-H<-H0

@oro Wnhtadtdr, Grdeudksi Adtdr mok Pyk`frns`npd

Zomo pusot-pusot pdalokceit tdkoco histrie, uktue ikmi`otnr porohhdh cdkdrotnr lokyoe
yokc adkccukoeok Pyk`frns`npd .Zdkccukoook ohot iki mihdkceopi mdkcok vnhtadtdr uktue
adankitnr edsoaook tdcokcok mok grdeudksi adtdr uktue edsoaook grdeudksi. Edtopotok
sumut oso mopot mihioft mori syk`frns`npd. Liho borua pdkukbue ldrputor ldrhowokok orof
 borua boa iki ortikyo grdeudksi cdkdrotnr hdlif rdkmof mok liho sdorof borua boa ldrorti
grdeudksi cdkdrotnr hdlif tikcci.
ti kcci.
Adtnmd sdmdrfoko yokc mipdrcukoeok uktue adksikernkeok muo cdkdrotnr otou hdlif
omohof mdkcok adapdrcukoeok sikernsenp hoapu. Yokc forus mipdrfotieok mohoa adtnmd
sdmdrfoko iki omohof hoapu-hoapu ikmi`otnr forus sokccup adkofok muo eohi tdcokcok oktor

goso.

?6
 

   Pikernknsenp hoapu cdhop, adkcfulukceok oktoro edtico goso, yoitu T mdkcok T, W

mdkcok W mok S mdkcok S.
Coalor ?0<
   Pikernknsenp hoapu tdrokc, adkcfulukceok oktoro edtico goso, yoitu T mdkcok W
mdkcok S mok S mdkcok T.

Coalor ?0=
   Pikernknsenp hoapu tdrokc cdhop, pdrpomuok oktoro sikernknsenp hoapu cdhop mok
hoapu tdrokc. Zriksipkyo adkcfulukceok sotu goso soao mok muo gso yokc ldrhoikok,
yoitu goso T mdkcok goso T, goso W mdkcok goso S mok goso S mdkcok goso W.
Coalor ?07
`. Adtnmd yokc micukoeok uktue adaporohdheok Cdkdrotnr
Hnom Pforikc
Tktue adkcotosi pdraosohofok tdrbomikyo nvdrhnom pomo cdkdrotnr yokc eopositoskyo
hdlif rdkmof omohof tdrhdlif mofuhu eito adkcdtofui eoroetdristie mori sdtiop cdkdrotnr, yoitu

moyo tdrfomop putorok otou grdeudksi. Pdhoik itu eoroetdristie mori aosikc-aosikc cdkdrotnr
forus adapukyoi mrnnp yokc soao. Mdkcok eoroetdristie yokc mdaieiok eito mopot
adhoeueok pdkcoturok moyo cdkdrotnr sdfikcco mopot adk`opoi prnsdktosd yokc soao pomo
aosikc-aosikc ukit cdkdrotnr yokc miporohdh.
Pupoyo tdrbomi mistrilusi ldlok sdpdrti pomo miocroa eoroetdristie, aoeo oktor
cdkdrotnr minpdrosieok pomo ed`dpotok ldrsoao yokc ldsorkyo omohof sdlocoi ldrieut2
Ed`dpotok ldrsoao 1 l/m*c otou 1 m/d *c (%). Tktue adkmopoteok putorok cdkdrotnr mdkcok
 pdalociok ldlok yokc
yokc mdaieiok mopot micukoeok ruaus 2

 1    ⟧


     (   )⟣)⟣  
Ophieosikyo  mopot tdrbomi mistrilusi ldlok oktor cdksdt yokc mdaieiok aoeo
supoyo
mipdrcukoeok ohot hnom sfordr uktue adaloci ldlok cdksdt sd`oro prnpnrsinkoh ldrmosoreok
eopositos cdkdrotnr.. Eordko pdrtoalofok ldlok sistda edhistrieok yokc forus mitokccukc
nhdf cdkdrotnr aoeo mipdrhueok pdrtoalofok moyo mori cdkdrotnr hoik uktue adkc`nvdr
 ldlok sistda edhistrieok.
Tktue edtdktuok buahof cdkdrotnr mieopoh, sdeurokc-eurokckyo muo ocrdcot yokc
tdrpisof mori adsik pdkccdroe utoao forus misdmioeok uktue pdaldriok moyo ikstohosi histrie.
Iki uktue adkboaik bieo cdkdrotnr tdrbomi edrusoeok mihout aoeo eopoh aosif mopot
 ldrnpdrosi. Edtdktuok uktue eopositoskyo, moyo edhuor mori cdkdrotnr yokc sdeurokc-

?9
 

eurokckyo mipdrhueok uktue pdhoyokok mihout forus ?4% hdlif tikcci moripomo edlutufok
moyo yokc mitdtopeok mohoa lohoks moyo.

?.4 Zdadhiforook Cdkdrotnr

o. @oro adadiforo mok Zdadriesook Cdkdrotnr
Zriksip mosor pdadhifoorook mimosoreok pomo 2
   Zdadhiforook ldrmosoreok woetu (tiad losdm aoiktdkok`d)
   Zdadhiforook ldrmosoreok enkmisi otou edomook (`nkmitink losd aoiktdkok`d)
Zdadhiforook rutik
Adrupoeok pdadhiforook yokc mihoeueok pomo woetu otou grdeudksi eurokc mori sotu
tofuk. Pdsuoi mdkcok rdktokc woetu mok hikceup pdedrbookkyo, pomo pdadhiforook rutik,
mopot miedhnapneeok adkbomi tico ao`oa, yoitu 2
   Zdadhiforook foriok, adhiputi adaoktou poroadtdr mok enkmisi sdhoao
npdrosi,pdaldrsifok
   Zdadhiforook aikccuok, adhiputi adkcuhokc pdadhiforook foriok, mihokbuteok pomo
 pdadriesook crdosd hulri`otink, pdaldrsifok gihtdr-gihtdr mok Udkmikcik (`nnhdr)
   Zdadhiforook triwuhok, adhiputi adkcuhokc pdedrbook luhokok yokc forus mihoeueok
sdsuoi mdkcok ikstruesi pomo aokuoh
Zdadhiforook Zdrinmie
Zdadhiforook tdrsdlut adapukyoi pdrinmd woetu tdrtdktu yoitu mori Z7 (7::: boa 1
]N), Z3 (?<::: boa 1 PN), mok Z6 (?6::: boa 1 AN).
   ]np Nvdrfouh (7::: boa), pdadriesook sdauo edpoho sihikmdr mok enapnkdk yokc
hoik,pdadriesook mok pdkcueurok sotu loktohok mok loktohok huk`urok, pdaldrsifok
cdkdrotnr, pdadriesook pdrohotok histrie, pdadriesook pdrowot pdkmikcik, pdadriesook
`oirok pdrdmoa cdtoro, pdadriesook turln`forcdr, mok pdkcdtdsok edaoapuok adsik
   Pdai Nvdrfouh (?<::: boa), adhiputi sdai nvdrfouh uktue putorok 8 34:: rpa
   Aoynr Nvdrfouh (?6:::), adhiputi nvdrfouh edpoho sihikmdr, nvdrfouh pistnk, loktohok
turln`forcdr mok sihikmdr lhne, pdadriesook pdrhdkceopok, mok pdkcdtdsok
edaoapuok adsik.

<:
 

Zdadhiforook pdrinmi` \utik

   Pdrvi`d, adhiputi pdedrbook adhuaosi, adaldrsifeok, adkccokti, mok adkoalof
aikyoe pdhuaos otou lofok loeor eiaio
   Ikspdesi, adhiputi pdedrbook pdkcoaotok aoupuk pdkcueurok, pdkydtdhok, pdrloieok
mok pdkccoktiok pomo ukit pdalokceit tokpo adalueo otou adhdpos lociok-lociok

utoao.

Zdadhiforook Zrdmietig
Adrupoeok pdadhiforook autoefir yoitu pdadhiforook yokc mihoeueok ldrmosoreok
 pomo fosih pdkcoaotok moto mok ikgnraosi tdreoit ohot yokc oeok mipdhiforo.
mipdh iforo. Ldsorok -ldsorok
yokc pdrhu mioaoti uktue adkdktueok eopok suotu ohot forus mipdhiforo tdrcoktukc edpomo
 bdkis ohot. Pd`oro uaua, ldsorok-ldsorok yokc pdrhu mioaoti oktoro hoik omohof 2
   ]ofokok isnhosi
   Orus ldlok antnr

  Pufu oir pdkmikcik
   Cdtorok mori pnrns yokc ldrputor
   ]deokok aikyoe pdhuaos
   Eokmukcok oir
   Pikor ikgroadrof
   Zortieoh mis`forcd
   \deoaok orus mok tdcokcok Pwit`fikc
   \deoaok grdeudksi

 l. Hokceof-hokceof
Hokceof-hokceof mohoa pdadriesook Cdkdrotnr
Adaldrsifeok
Adaldrsifeok cdkdrotnr
Hokceof-hokceofkyo,
   Piopeok sdauo pdrohotok yokc milutufeok, hohu ldrsifeok sdauo lociok cdkdrotnr mori
huor adkccukoeok enaprdsnr umoro
   Ldrsifeok sdauo lociok yokc ldr`oapur mdkcok aikyoe, hohu edrikceok mok
 ldrsifeok sdauo lociok yokc tdredko entnrok mok ldksik. Pdhokbutky
Pdhokbutkyoo ldrsifeok
 lociok mohoa mori cdkdrotnr adkccukoeok
adkccukoeok enaprdsnr umoro
   Zdrieso mok oaoti mdkcok tdhiti sdrto `otothof sdauo edtdrokcok adkcdkoi moto-moto
cdkdrotnr hohu lueohof pdkutup sohurok

<?
 

   Pdhokbutkyo tdhitihof `oro-`oro uktue pdkyoalukcok rokceoiok mdkcok

adapdrfotieok edtdrokcok yokc trmopot pomo pdkutup lociok ldhoeokc sdtdhof itu
 pdriesohof ship rikckyo. ]utup edalohi sdauo
sdauo lociok yokc tdhof milueo
Adaldrsifeok edomook adeokie cdkdrotnr
Hokceof-hokceofkyo,

  Piopeok sdauop drohotok yokc milutufeok, hohu euoteok mok edroseok lout-lout


 pdkcuot hokmosok.
   Euoteok otou edroseok lout-lout pdkcuot tutup cdkdrotnr. Pdhokbutkyo lueohof entoe
sohurok pdkutup eoldh hohu euoteok mok edroseok lout-lout pdkcuot sohurok eoldh,
sdtdhof sdhdsoi tutup edalohi entoe sohurok
   Zdcokchof pnrns cdkdrotnr, hohu cnyokceok opoeof edkmnr otou timoe, sdhokbutkyo
ueur mdkcok adkccukoeok mioh tdst ikmi`otnr. Hhou ueur edmumueok enpdhikc otou
 puhhdy mdkcok adkccukoeok
adkccukoeok pdkyieu
   Zutor cdkdrotnr mdkcok adkccukoeok adsik pdkccdroe
Zdadriesook edomook edhistrieok
Hokceof-hokceofkyo,
   Piopeok sdauo pdrohotok yokc milutufeok, sdhokbutkyo
sdh okbutkyo luot mogtor fosih pdkcueu
pdkcueurok.
rok.
   Teur tofokok ldhitok admok aockitko mdkcok auhtiadtdr. Pdhokbutkyo ueur tofokok
sdeot oktoro ldhitok goso mdkcok lomok (crnukm) adkccukoeok adcdr
   Teur tofokok ldhitok yokc sotu tdrfomo yokc hoik, sdhokbutkyo ueur tofokok ldhitok
goso mdkcok auhtiadtdr.
   Pdhokbutkyo ueur tofokok sdeot oktoro ldhitok goso mdkcok goso yokc hoik. Pdhokbutkyo
ueur tofokok sdeot ldhitok goso mdkcok ldhitok admok. ]droefira ueur tofokok sdeot
oktoro ldhitok-ldhitok mdkcok lomok (crnukm).
Zdadhiforook Enrdetig
Mihoeueok opoliho tdrbomi edcocohok ldruhokc pomo suotu adsik otou enapnkdk adsik
mohoa rokceo adk`dcof bokcok soapoi tdruhokc edalohi mi aoso mdpok mdkcok adhoeueok
stumi (rdsdrvd dkcikddrikc), adrok`okc uhokc, adkdtopeok edalohi spdsigieosi aotdrioh,
adaosokc mok adkcubi enapnkdk yokc cocoh tdrsdlut.
Hopnrok Zdadhiforook
   @otot tokccoh pdhoesokook, pdedrbook-pdedrbook yokc mihoesokoeok
   Zdkccukook tdkoco edrbo yokc adhoesokoeok pdedrbook pdadhiforook
   \denadkmosi uktue npdrosi mok pdadhiforook yokc oeok motokc

<<
 

   Zdrfitukcok lioyo pdadhiforook mohoa rupiof pdr eSf.

?.7 Adkcimdktigieosi mok Adapdrloiei Cokccuok pomo Cdkdrotnr

o. Adkcimdktigieosi cokccuok pomo cdkdrotnr
Cokccuok eikdrbo cdkdrotnr sdrikc tdrbomi, foh iki misdloleok nhdf ldldropo foh
 ldrieut iki 2
   Ohot prntdesi timoe ldrgukcsi sdlocoiaoko adstikyo
   Zdadhiforook cdkdrotnr timoe mibohokeok sd`oro tdrotur
   Cokccuok adeokie yokc ldroeilot pomo cokccuok edhistrieokkyo
   Zdkcomook owoh cdkdrotnr timoe sdsuoi stokmor
   Zdkcnpdrosiok cdkdrotnr timoe sdsuoi prnsdmur
Okohiso cokccuok edhistrieok stotnr
   ]ofokok isnhosi ldhitok adkuruk
   Fulukc sikceot oktoro ldhitok mdkcok lomok (crnukm).
   ]ofokok ldhitok oktoro goso timoe soao
Okohiso cokccuok edhistrieok \ntnr
Cdkdrotnr mdkcok rntnr bdkis ldhitok admok (rntnr dx`itdr midhm) adaihiei enkstruesi
yokc sokcot sdmdrfoko, enenf mok sokcot borokc tdrbomi cokccuok. Tauakyo cokccuok yokc
tdrbomi omohof ieotok lout soalukcok ubukc-ubukc ldhitok sdrikc edkmur otou tdrhdpos.
Okohiso Cokccuok ]dcokcok
Bieo cdkdrotnr omo cdboho timoe edhuor tdcokcok, aoeo uktue adkcimdktigieosi bdkis

1<.<< Ó  Ó
cokccuok yokc aukceik tdrbomi mopot mitikbou mdkcok adkccukoeok ruaus

Ó ?:∜6 
  Ó    Ó   Ó ∄ Ó  Ó?    1 =.== Ó  Ó  Ó    Ó   Ó ∄Ó  Ó
 ?:∜6  
Cokccuok yokc tdrbomi pomo ldhitok eutul, oktoro hoik misdloleok nhdf 2
   Fulukc sikceot oktoro ldhitok eulut mdkcok lomok (crnukm)
( crnukm)


  Fulukc sikceot
sikceot oktoro euaporok aockdt sotu mdkcok euaporok aockdt y
yokc
okc hoik
   Euaporok aockdt putus
<0
 

   \okceoiok dhdetrnaockdtkyo eurokc loie.

 l. Poot Cdkdrotnr forus sdcdro miaotieok

Milowof iki omohof sdpuhuf eosus miaoko okmo forus sdcdro auhoi adwospomoi
cdkdrotnr ok adaotieok adsik loktu y
yokc
okc mohoa aosohof 2

?)  Ldrlukyi/ldrsuoro timoe knraoh, adsik forus sdcdro mifdktieok mok pdad`ofok
aosohof forus mihoeueok
<)  Osop, timoe pdrhu ngghnom cdkdrotnr eohou situosikyo tdhof adhdwoti tikceot lofoyo.
Cukoeok tnalnh ldrfdkti morurot /dadrcdk`y.
0)  Zoroadtdr tdeokok aikyoe pdhuaos, fdktieok cdkdrotnr sdcdro mok `ori pdkydlol
aosohofkyo, liso bomi aukceik iki oeilot `nnhdr aikyoe pdhuaos entnr otou mihtdr
yokc aoapot.
=)  Zdrldmook tdeokok tikcci (miggdrdktioh prdssurd), bieo tdeokok migdrdksioh omohof mohoa

eisorok yokc hdlif tikcci, fdktieok cdkdrotnr mok cukoeok stokmly gihtdr.
4)  Nvdrspddm, misdloleok eordko aosohof mohoa sistda lofok loeor, efususko
edrusoeok cnvdrknr.
7)  Pupphy oir pdkmikcik, bieo timoe omo posneok oir pdkmikcik eordko edcocohok pnapo,
cdkdrotnr forus sdcdro miaotieok uktue adkcfikmori edrusoeok oeilot nvdrfdotikc
3)  Edln`nrok mori pipo-pipo
6)  Cdtorok mok lociok-lociok adsikc hnkccor, bieo mitdaueok lout hnkccor otou
tdrmdtdesi cdtorok ldrot edtieo adsik sdmokc ldrbohok, fdktieok adsik cdksdt sdcdro
9)  Ohora mok trips timoe ldrgukcsi, bieo mimopoti ohora cdkdrotnr tdrmdtdesi timoe ldedrbo,

aoeo cdkdrotnr forus mifdktieok sdcdro eordko omo edaukceikok buco lofwo ohora
 pdktikc hoikkyo mok trips systda buco
buco timoe ldedrbo.
?:) Nhi ldr`oapur oir, adkcurokci eopositok ohirok nhi sdfikcco adkydloleok edrusoeok
 pomo loktohok. Cdkdrotnru forus mildrfdktieok bieo eomor oir sumof sokcot
sokcot tikcci.

`. Adapdrloiei cokccuok pomo Cdkdrotnr

Ldrieut iki omo ldldropo cokccuok yokc lioso tdrbomi pomo cdkdrotnr 2
   Adsik timoe mopot mi stort, snhusikyo adkcokti lotdroi hdaof otou aoti, pdrloiei antnr
stotdr, enenfeok soalukcok, mok adkcisi umoro tdeok mi tokcei

<=
 

   Adsik mopot mi stor tdtopi tilo-tilo aoti, snhusikyo luokc oir mok umoro mori mohoa
tokcei, ldrsifeok hulokc vdktihosi tokcei lofok loeora cokti sorikcok lofok loeor
yokc tdrsualot, mok ldrsifeok eotup pnapo pdkcisi lofok loeor rntnr
   Moyo adsik fihokc, snhusikyo cokti phukydr pnapo yokc tdhof ous, cokti eotul mok
mumueokkyo, cokti pdcos eutul yokc potof, mok ldrsifeok eotul knzdh

  Cokccuok pdkccdroe owoh, snhusikyo omohof adhdkceopi pdkcoaok tdrfomop edrbo



 lohie otou ankitnrikc eordko cokccuok-cokccuok

cokccuok-cokccuok adeokie
   Cokccuuok fihokc pdkcuotok, snhusikyo adhdkceopi pdkcoaok tdrfomop fihokc
 pdkcuotok (hnss ng gidhm rdhoy)
   Cokccuok Orus hdlif, snhusikyo omohof adhdkceopi pdkcoaok tdrfomop orus
   Cokccuok putorok hdlif, snhusikyo omohof adhdkceopi mdkcok pdkcoaok tdrfomop
 putoro hdlif yokc aoapu adaldrieok
adaldrieok sikyoh tripikc pomo pdautus tdkoc
tdkocoo
   Cokccuok tdcokcok hdlif, snhusikyo omohof cnvdrknr pomo cdkdrotnr adkcotur
ed`dpotok putorok ocor putorokkyo tdtop knraoh.

  Cokccuok edtimoe sdialokcok ldlok, cdkdrotnr forus sdcdro mioaokeok
   Cokccuok isnhosi

<4
 

LOL III
ZDALOFOPOK
0.? Isi Aotdri mori Lueu
Cdkdrotnr tdaosue adsik histrie yokc ldrpdrok uktue adkculof ldktue dkdrcy
adeokie adkbomi dkdrcy histrie. Enkstruesi cdkdrotnr tdrmiri otos stotnr mok rntnr. Ptotnr
tdrmiri otos rokceo antnr,sieot orokc, ldorikc mok tdraikoh lnx. Pdmokceok lociok rntnr
tdrmiri mori enautotnr, ldhitok rntnr, eipos rntnr mok pnrns rntnr. Gukcsi utoao mori cdkdrotnr
stotnr omohof sdlocoi lociok mori tdapot adkcohirkyo ghues aockit yokc mifosiheok eutul-
eutul kaockit. Ldrmosoreok sistda pdalokceitokkyo cdkdrotnr O@ mopot miloci adkbomi muo
yoitu cdkdrotnr sotu goso mok cdkdrotnr tico goso.
Mohoa mukio histrie miedkoh ldldropo fueua-fueua mosor histrie, yoitu fueua
goromoy, fueua oapdrd lint sovort, fueua hdkz mok priksip enkvdrsi dkdrcy dhdetrnaockdtie.
Zriksip edrbo suotu cdkdrotnr orus sdorof ldrmosoreok fueua Goromoy, mdkcok hoik pdreotook,
opoliho suotu enkmuetnr adantnkc coris-coris ghuesi aockdtie yokc ldrulof-louf, aoeo cch
oeok milokceiteok mohoa enkmuetnr itu. Tktue adkmopoteok orus sdorof mori orus lnhoe-lohie
mdkcok adkccukoeok soehor, enautotnr mok sistda minmd. Ldrmosoreok `oro adaldrieok
ghues pomo euaporok admokkyo, cdkdrotnr orus sdorof mopot miedhnapneeok adkbomi muo
yoitu cdkdrotnr ldrpdkcuotok ldlos mok cdkdrotnr ldrpdkcuotok sdkmiri.
Zdkcoturok tdcokcok omohof pdrulofok tdcokcok tdraikoh pomo edoomok ldlok knh mok
tdcokcok tdraikoh pomo edomook ldrldlok. Tktue adkdktueok pdkcoturok tdcokcok pomo
cdkdrotnr mopot mihoeueok mdkcok adaokgooteok eoroetdristie ldlok knh mok fulukc sikceot.
Grdeudksi cdkdrotnr sokcot mipdkcorufi nhdf buahof eutul mok ed`dpotok putorok rntnr.
]ubuok adaporohdheok cdkdrotnr omohof uktue adkoalof eopositos mori cdkdrotnr
mohoa adaieuh ldlok mok adkbomo enktikuitos pdhoyokok edpomo enksuadk. Zorohdh
cdkdrotnr mopot miortieok adkccolukceok muo luof cdkdrotnr otou hdlif mok edaumiok
minpdrosieok sd`oro ldrsoao-soao. Liho suotu cdkdrotnr mildloki adhdlifi mori eoposistos
knaikohkyo, aoeo foh tdrsdlut oeok adkcoeiloteok cdkdrotnr timoe ldedrbo otou oeok
adkcohoai edrusoeok. ]ubuok hoik mori adaporohdheok cdkdrotnr omohof uktue adkboco
enktikuitos pdhoyokok pomo enksuadk (pdaoeoi moyo histrie).
Zriksip pdadhiforok cdkdrotnr mimosoreok pomo 2
   Zdadhiforook ldrmosoreok woetu (tiad losdm aoiktdkok`d)
   Zdadhiforook ldrmosoreok enkmisi otou edomook (`nkmitink losd aoiktdkok`d)

<7
 

Zdadhiforok omohof suotu tikmoeok tdekis, omaikistrosi mok gikoksioh yokc mitubueok uktue
adapdrtofokeok otou adkcdalohieok ocor cdkdrotnr edalohi pomo ukbue edrbo sdpdrti
sdauho.
Foh-foh yokc yokc adkbomi pdkydlol auk`uhkyo edrusoeok pomo cdkdrotnr omohof ohot
 prntdesi timoe ldrgukcsi, pdadhiforook
pd adhiforook cdkdrotnr timoe
ti moe tdrotur,
t drotur, cokccuok adeokie, cdkdrotnr

timoe sdsuoi stokmor, pdkcnpdrosiok cdkdrotnr timoe sdsuoi prnsdmur. Zomo uauakyo
cokccuok pomo cdkdrotnr omohof
?)  Adsik timoe mopot stort
<)  Adsik mopot mi stort, topi tilo-tilo aoti
0)  Moyo adsik fihokc
=)  Cokccuok Zdkccdroe owoh
4)  Cokccuok Fihokc pdkcuotok
7)  Cokccuok orus hdlif
3)  Cokccuok putorok hdlif

6)  Cokccuok ]dcokcok Hdlif

9)  Cokccuok edtimoesdialokcok ldlok
?:) Cokccuok isnhosi

0.< Edhdlifok mok Edhdaofok Lueu

EDHDLIFOK
Zomo lueu ldrbumuh Cdkdrotnr yokc misusuk nhdf Lofor, adaihiei 7 aotdri mohoa
adkcupos hdlif mohoa tdktokc cdkdrotnr mioktorokkyo omohof enkstruesikyo, priksip edrbo,
 pdkcoturok tdcokcok mok grdeudksi, cdkdrotnr porohhdh, pdadhiforook, mok cokccuok pomo

cdkdrotnr. Mori sdci `nvdr,

`nvdr, lueu tdrsdlut adaihiei worko liru mok adrof yokc adaihiei
 pomuok yokc sdsuoi sdfikcco
sdfikcco pdalo`o sokcot tdrtorie adhifot soapuh tdrsdlut.
Omokyo lincrogi tdrtuhis pomo lociok ldhoeokc lueu buco adaldrieok pdalo`o
 pdkcdtofuok hdlif hotor ldhoeockyo pdkuhis ikcik adkuyusuk
adkuyusuk lueu tdktokc cdkdrotnr. Omokyo
edbdhosok adkcdkoi prnsds lueu tdrsdlut sdpdrti mdsoik, pdkdrlit, mok IPLK buco adyoeikeok
 lofwo lueu tdrsdlut mopot mibomieok o`uok otou pdmnaok mohoa adapdhobori cdkdrotnr.
]iop lol tdrmiri mori rokceuaok miaoko ldrgukcsi sdlocoi adkcuhokc edalohi
 pdalo`o sdtdhof adalo`o aotdri sdldhuakyo. Omokyo tucos otou hotifok-hotifok
hotifok -hotifok buco mopot
adaldri pnsitig edpomo pdalo`o, yoitu adkikceoteok ikcotok mok adhotif edaoapuok

 pdalo`o sdbouf aoko io adkcdtofui aotdri tdrsdlut.

<3
 

Omokyo mogtor pustoeo buco mopot mibomieok rdgdrdksi mori aoko sobo aotdri mok
ensoeoto tdrsdlut mioalih.Omokyo pdkutup pomo lociok oefir sdldhua mogtor pustoeo buco
mopot adkcikcot edalohi si pdalo`o mohoa adalo`o lueu tdrsdlut sd`oro edsdhurufok.
Aotdri yokc mibdhoseok pomo lueu buco sdsuoi mdkcok tdaok pdr lol mok sul bumuhkyo.

EDHDAOFOK
Edhdaofok mori lueu iki fokyo muo, yoitu mori sdci lofoso mok toto pdkuhisok yokc
micukoeok.Zomo sdci lofoso tdrmopot ldldropo eohiaot yokc tdrhohu lokyoe adaluokc sueu
eoto sdfikcco
sdfikcco lofoso tdrsdlut adkbomi eurokc adkcdrti. Pdmokceok
Pdmokceok toto pdkuhisokkyo oktoro
hoik omohof, tdrhohu edtdkcof mohoa adauhoi pdkuhisok sdfikcco tdredsok hdlif lnrns mohoa
 pdkccukook edrtos. Pdhoik itu, omo coalor yokc foapir ldrtolroeok pomo tuhisokkyo sdpdrti
sd pdrti
 pomo fohoaok 04. Pdhoik itu, tuhisok ruaus miluot ueurok hdlif
hd lif ldsor mori yokc hoik sdhoik it
ituu
mildri edtdlohok pomo furug itu. Pdforuskyo `ueup mildri edtdlohok sobo sumof mopot adaluot
 pdalo`o aoapu adkcdtofui ruaus itu. ]imoe
]imoe usof mipdrldsoreok.

Mori sdci pdkuhisok yokc micukoeok, foapir sdlociok adaihiei eohiaot yokc timoe
dgdetig, oktoro hoik 2
   Zomo fohoaok 3, eohiaot yokc dgdetig omohof ‘mori eowot tdaloco (ldrl dktue luhot
otou pdrsdci)‑ 
pdrsdci)‑ 
   Zomo fohoaok 6, eohiaot yokc dgdetig omohof ‘gukcsi mori sieot omohof sdlocoi
 bdalotok loci ohirok orus…‑ 
orus…‑ 
   Zomo fohoaok ?0, eohioat yokc dgdetig omohof ‘ldhoeokckyo mifulukceok ed sdluof
sdcadk enautotnr adkmofuhui euaporok sdldhuakyo‑
sdldhu akyo‑
   Zomo fohoaok ?=, pdkcdrtiok cdkdrotnr O@ mituhis ldruhokc. Pdforuskyo `ueup sdeohi
sobo
   Zomo fohoaok <=, eohiaot yokc ldkor omohof ‘sotu siehus cch oeok pdkuf mifosiheok
 liho rntnr mdkcok…‑ 
mdkcok…‑ 
   Zomo fohoaok 0<, eohiaot tdrsdlut bokcok mildri titie mi tdkcof-tdkcof eohiaot.
Pdforuskyo yokc ldkor omohof ‘mohoa ohur sd`oro tdrpisof sdfikcco cch pomo tdraikoh
adkbomi hdlif ed`ih…‑ 
ed`ih…‑ 
   Zomo fohoaok 46, eohiaot yokc ldkor sdforuskyo ‘ pomo edmuo ubukc euaporok oeok
tialuh tdcokcok yokc misdlut mdkcok sikusnimo.‑
   Zomo fohoaok 3:,94 mok ?0? , tdrbomi edsohofok pomo pdknanrok. Pdforuskyo miauhoi
mori o,l,` lueok mori `,m,d.

<6
 

   Zomo fohoaok ?:3, eohiaot yokc ldkor omohof ‘  1 tdcokcok cdkdrotnr pomo edomook
 ldlok knh (tokpo ldlok) mok W 1 tdcokcok
tdcokcok tdraikoh cdkdrotn
cdkdrotnrr soot ldrldlok‑
   Zomo fohok ?03-?09 gnkt pomo tuhisok tdrsdlut hdlif ldsor mori yokc hoik.
   Zomo fohoaok ?46, pomo owohkyo miedhnapneeok adkbomi dapot,dapot , koauk fokyo tico
yokc milofos sdfikcco tdredsok eurokc yoeik mdkcok aotdri tdrsdlut

Zomo mogtor pustoeo , omo ldldropo aotdri mioalih mori iktdrkdt. Koauk, pdkuhisok uktue
mogtor pustoeo timoe sdsuoi, timoe miedtofui koao pdkuhis aoupuk eopok mioesds ed wdlsitd
tdrsdlut. Mok pomo mogtor pustoeo timo mipdrlnhdfeok adaluot pdknanrok. Tktue
adaldmoeokkyo `ueup adaldri boroe oktoro sualdr aotdri sotu mdkcok sualdr aotdri
hoikkyo.

<9
 

LOL IW

ZDKT]TZ

=.? Edsiapuhok

Lueu cdkdrotnr yokc mituhis nhdf Loforummik mopot mibomieok pdmnaok mohoa
adapdhobori cdkdrotnr efususkyo mi limokc aoto euhiof tdrtdktu. Omokyo ruaus misdrtoi
aotdri yokc adkbdhoseokkyo mopot adaluot pdalo`o sdaoeik pofoa mdkcok isi lueu
tdrsdlut. Adsei lokyoe edsohofok mohoa toto tuhisok, aoupuk coyo lofoso sdtimoekyo
edsohofok tdrsdlut aosif mopot tdrotosi.

Pdhoik itu, lueu cdkdrotnr tdrsdlut fokyo adkbdhoseok sdlociok ldsor mori aotdri
tdrsdlut. Tktue adk`ori hdlif hokbut otou ikcik adkcdtofui hdlif mohoa hoci, eito mopot
adhifot mogtor pustoeo pomo oefir fohoaok lueu tdrsdlut.

=.< Porok

Mohoa adrdvidw sdluof lueu, yokc forus pdrtoao eohi mihoeueok omohof adkdktueok
tdao. Pdtdhof itu adhifot imdktitos mori lueu yokc oeok mirdvidw opoeof hdkceop otou timoe.

0:
 

MOG]O\ ZTP]OEO

Loforummik.<:?4. Cdkdrotnr. Tkiadm Zrdss 2 Admok

0?