PROCEDUER OF MT - REV 10. June 03 2020

GENERAL MAGNETIC PARTICLE
Geotechnical Testing
TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
TABLE OF CONTAINS
SECTION TITLE PAGE

1.0 SCOPE 3
2.0 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS 4
3.0 METHODS OF EXAMINATION 4
4.0 EQUIPMENT 4
5.0 EXAMINATION MEDIUM 4
6.0 MAGNETIZING FIELD ADEQUACY 5
7.0 SURFACE PREPARATION 6
8.0 EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES 6
9.0 DEMAGNETIZATION 8
10.0 CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT 8
11.0 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 9
12.0 FINAL CLEANING 10
13.0 SAFETY PROCEDURE 10
14.0 REPORTS 10
15.0 ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION CRITERIA 11
16.0 FAMILIES FOR MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION 11
17.0 DEFINITIONS 11
FIGURE
FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 Requirements of a magnetic particle examination procedure 12
2 MPT REPORT FORM 13
ATTACHMENT
ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION CRITERIA IN

APPENDIX PAGE
ACCORDANCE WITH
A ASME VIII Div. 1 Appendix 6 and API 650, 620 14
B ASME / ANSI/ B31.1 16
C ASME Section III Division 1 19
D API 1104 22
E AWS D1.1 ED 2015 27
F ASME B31.3 36
Procedure Title: Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure

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Ref.: GTC / NDT - 004
Date of Issue : June 03 2020 10 2 of 40
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1.0 Scope:
This Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure of Geotechnical Testing Center

details out the minimum requirements to be met and provides detailed
procedure for Wet non- fluorescent, visible magnetic particle (MT), Yoke
technique to be followed while performing specific test. This procedure shall
govern the wet method of Magnetic Particle testing of welds, adjacent base
materials, casting, and forging for the detection of surface and sub-surface
defects in ferromagnetic materials.
This procedure is to be used for the Magnetic Particle Examination of

particular components and for the interpretation and evaluation of
discontinuities to the applicable codes as specified below;
 ASME Boiler and Pressure Code, Section V, Edition 2019.
 ASME Boiler and Pressure Code, Section I and section VIII Division
1, Edition 2019.
 API 650(2016 edition), Weld tanks for oil storage. API 620, (2016
edition) Design and Construction of Large, welded, Low-Pressure
Storage Tanks. {Eleventh Edition. Includes Addendum 1 (2016).}.
 API 1104, 2013 Edition Addendum 2016, Welding of Pipeline and

Related Facilities.
 ASME B 31.4 Latest Edition

 ASME B 31.8 Latest Edition
 ANSI B31.1 Power Piping code, Edition 2016.
 ANSI B31.3, Processing Piping, Pressure Piping, Edition 2016.
 AWS D1.1, 2015 Edition, Structural Welding Code - Steel.
 ASNT CP-189 Recommended Practice 2016 Edition, For

Qualification and Certification of NDT personnel.
 SAEP 1142, 2014 (Qualification of Non-Saudi Aramco NDT

Personnel.
 SAEP 1144, 2018 (Magnetic Particle Examination – Aramco)

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2.0 Personnel Requirements:
2.1. Personnel shall be trained & Certified for yoke technique. He should
be capable of performing the examinations and interpreting the
results in accordance with the requirements specified herein. All
nondestructive testing personnel performing examination in
accordance with this procedure are qualified in accordance with
GTC Personnel Qualification Procedure (GTC / NDT 006), which
meets or exceeds the requirement of ASNT recommended practice
CP 189, SAEP 1144 and SAEP 1142 (Saudi Aramco). Interpretation
of Magnetic Particle an examination result is performed by either
level II or Level III individuals as required by the referencing code
section. Test shall be performed and interpretation by NDE
personnel having minimum qualification NDE Level II.
2.2. And He/she has vision, with correction if necessary, to enable him/her
to read a Jaeger Type No. 1 Standard Chart at a distance of not less
than12 in., and is capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast
between colors used.
2.3. The required documents supporting the qualification and
certification of Magnetic Particle inspection shall be maintained on
file and available upon the request of client.MT procedure shall be
qualified for essential variable mentioned in Figur-1.
3.0 Methods of Examination
Examination shall be carried out by using the continuous method; that is,
yoke the magnetizing current shall remain on while the magnetic particles
are being applied and while the excess particles are being removed.
4.0 Equipment
Permanent magnetic yoke shall not be used.
The magnetizing apparatus shall be capable of inducing, in the item under
examination, a magnetic flux of suitable intensity in the desired direction.
The size and type of contact used and time of application shall be such that
overheating the part under examination will not occur.
Demagnetizing equipment shall consist of units such as open coil or box

type demagnetizer or other means having the required capacity to
demagnetize.
5.0 Examination Medium
The magnetic particles used for obtaining patterns of discontinuities shall

be of non-toxic, finely divided ferromagnetic material of high permeability
and low retentively, free from rust, grease, paint, dirt, or other material they

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may interfere with proper functioning. The color shall be selected so as to

provide adequate contrast with the background of the surface under
examination.
5.1. Wet Particles

The particles shall be suspended in a liquid vehicle for application to
the part under examination. Wet particles shall be applied either by
spraying or flowing over the areas to be inspected during the
application of the magnetizing field current. Proper sequencing of
the operation (part magnetizing and timing of bath application) is
essential to indication formation and retention. Since fine or weakly
held indications on highly finished or polished surface may be
washed away or obliterated, care must be taken to avoid high
velocity flow over critical surface and cut off the bath application
before removing the magnetic field.
5.2 Examination Medium Premixed suspension of ferromagnetic particles in

petroleum distillate in aerosol spray cans shall be used.
5.3 Contrast Paint If the contrast with surface is poor, a thin layer of white contrast
paints may be used. The paint shall be flat white, quick drying, and shall be
applied only in amounts sufficient to enhance particle contrast. It shall be
demonstrated that indications can be detected through the enhancement
coating. Thickness measurement of this nonmagnetic surface contrast is not
required.
5.4 Cleaning Medium :Solvent cleaner is acceptable as cleaning medium
5.5 Temperature Criteria

For wet particle examination, the temperature of suspension and the
part under examination shall not exceed 135 °F (57 °C)
6. Lighting:
Illumination (natural or supplemental white light) of the examination

surface is required for the evaluation of indications. The minimum light
intensity shall be 100fc (1100 Lux). The light intensity, natural or
supplemental white light source, shall be measured with a white light
meter prior to the evaluation of indications or a verified light source shall

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be used. Verification of light sources is required to be demonstrated

only one time, documented, and maintained on file. Light meter shall be
calibrated annually.
7.0 Surface Preparation:
7.1. Surface Conditioning. Clean the examination surface and adjacent

area within 1” of the examination area. A visual inspection of the
examination surface shall be performed prior to magnetization to
verify the surface cleaning operation was through and complete. To
identify gross discontinuities and to identify areas of interest where
an indication will be expected to occur. Prior to performing
florescent MT examination.
However surface preparation by grinding or machining may be

necessary where the surface irregularities could mask indications
due to discontinuities.
7.2. Extraneous Matter. Prior to magnetic particle examination, the

surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at least one
inch must be dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux
and spatter, oil or other extraneous matter that could interfere with
the examination.
7.3. Cleaning. Cleaning of surfaces is accomplished using detergents,

organic solvents, decaling solutions, paints removers, vapor
degreasing, sand or grit blasting or ultrasonic cleaning methods.
These and or other methods must have no detrimental effect on the
component or the MPT consumables.
7.4. Coatings. If coatings are left on the part in the area being examined,
they must be removed before examination.
8.0 Examination Technique
8.1. Yoke Technique
8.1.1. Application: This method shall only be applied to detect

discontinuities that are open to or close to the surface of the part.
Wet particle shall be employed with this technique.
Extent of the testing shall be 100% and surface to be tested and 1”
area shall be examined for evidence of the particle accumulation
unless otherwise specified. The surface to be tested shall be
examined in suitable increments. Adjacent examination are shall be
overlap of 10 %.

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8.1.2. Magnetizing technique: Alternating electromagnetic yokes

shall be used.
8.1.3. Magnetizing Current: with Alternating Current, the lifting

power of the yoke shall not be lower than 10 pounds at the
maximum pole spacing to be used.
8.1.4. Sequence of Operation: The yoke shall be positioned on

the surface of the part to be examined. Yoke leg spacing
shall be a minimum of 3 inches and maximum of 8 inches. A
shorter spacing may be used to comprehensive for the
geometry of the area being examined or to increase
sensitivity, but leg spacing less than3 inches is not
recommended due to the strength of the longitudinal
magnetic field at the poles. The area to be examined shall
be limited to a maximum distance of one fourth of the
spacing on either side of a joining the two yoke poles, and
the magnetizing current is applied. The magnetic particle
wet is the applied to the part to ensure complete coverage of
the examination, sufficient overlap shall be established and
the second position of yoke shall be placed such that the
magnetic field is perpendicular to magnetic field of that first
position on same location.
8.1.5. Contrast Paint
8.1.5.1. If contrast with the surface of material is poor, a thin

layer of contrast paint (also refer to Para 5.3) shall be applied on the
pre-cleaned surface to be tested by spraying in controlled passes at
a distance of 20-30 cm to give an opaque, uniform coating
thickness.
8.1.5.2. The contrast paint shall be allowed to dry for a period

of not less than 15 seconds, before applying magnetic particle
suspension.
8.1.6. The aerosol shall be shaken well before each use to ensure
dispersion of paint in solution
Note: Contrast paint shall not be used for Magnetic Particle Testing of Weld Root Passes or hot pass layers.
The contrast paint shall be used only on completed welds.

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8.1.7 Direction of Magnetization
Two separate examinations shall be carried out on each area to be

tested. The yoke shall be placed so that magnetic field during one
examination is approximately perpendicular to the field during the other.
For welds, the yoke shall be placed across the weld at an angle 30-45
degrees from the long axis of the weld.
9 Demagnetization:
Since the method employs the usage of alternating magnetizing current as a

magnetizing force, residual magnetism shall not be appreciable enough to
subject the part being tested for demagnetization.
When the presence of residual magnetism within the part could interfere with
subsequent processing or usage, the part shall be demagnetized.
In general demagnetization is accomplished by subjecting the part to a field

equal to or greater than that used to magnetize the part, then continuously
reversing the field direction while gradually reducing it to zero. Any of the
following methods may be adapted to parts requiring demagnetization:
9.1. Alternating-current yokes may be used for local demagnetization by

placing the poles on the surface, moving them around the area, and
slowly withdrawing the A/C yoke while it is still energized.
9.2. The effectiveness of demagnetizing operations shall be verified

using a calibrated magnetic field indicator. If the deflection of the meter
pointer exceeds more than 2 scale divisions (±2 gauss), the part shall
be demagnetized within these limits.
10 Calibration of Equipment:
Each piece of magnetizing equipment shall be calibrated at least once a

year, or whenever the equipment has been subjected to major electrical
repair, periodic overhaul, or damage. If the equipment has not been in use
for a year or more, calibration shall be done prior to first use.

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10.1 Lifting Power of Yokes
10.2.1. Each alternating current electromagnetic yokes shall have a lifting

power of at least 10 lb. (4.5kg) at the maximum pole spacing that will
be used. Lifting power of the yoke shall be checked every day prior to
start the work. The lifting power of yoke shall be verified whenever the
yoke has been damaged or repaired.
10.2.2. Each weight shall be weighed with a scale from a reputable

manufacturer and stenciled with the applicable nominal weight prior to
first use.
10.2.3. A weight need only be verified again if damaged in a manner that

could have caused potential loss of material..
11 Interpretation of Results:
11.1. All indications revealed by the magnetic particle examination are

not necessarily defects since irrelevant indication are sometimes
encountered. Irrelevant or “false” indications are quite common,
but may be easily identified. Examples of such indication are as
follows:
Magnetic Writing: The indication is fuzzy and will be destroyed by

demagnetization. These indications are caused by contact with
other steel or magnets while magnetized.
Change in Section: The distribution of magnetic field in an area of

change of section of the piece being examined in such that the
examination pattern is broad and fuzzy.
Flow Lines: These are large group of parallel indications that

occur in other forging when magnetized with high current.
11.2. All indication believed to be non-relevant shall be evaluated by

removing the surface roughness and re-examination. If the re-
examination reveals any indication, these indications shall be
considered as relevant and treated as defects and tobe removed.
11.3. Linear defects are indications in which the length is greater than
three times of the width.
11.4. Rounded defects are indications which are circular or elliptical with
the length less thanequal three times ofthe width.

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12 Final Cleaning
Magnetic particles shall be removed from all surfaces, by suitable process

after the examination. All temporary plugs shall be removed from holes and
cavities.
13 Safety Procedure
13.1. Grounding conductors shall be grounded all electrical systems,

enclosures, structures, raceways, conduits and other related system
containing or which may contact the electrical current carrying
(power) conductors.
13.2. Preventive measures shall be maintained by operator to avoid

exposure to chemical solvents.
13.3. When working in a confined area, such as tanks and vessels,

presence of toxic and flammable gas is possible. Gas testing shall
be conducted by authorize gas tester prior to examination.
13.4. To prevent arc flashes, the electrodes shall be placed firmly on the
surface to be examined prior to turning on the current and the
current shall be turned off prior to removal of electrodes.
Adequate ventilation shall be provided when performing an MT examination
at all times, especially in confined areas, to prevent inhalation of harmful
materials. Wet method solutions with a petroleum distillate are highly volatile,
relatively toxic, and may cause skin irritation. Use adequate ventilation at all
times and avoid prolonged skin contact. Flammable inspection materials such
as solutions with a petroleum distillate base shall not be used in an area where
they may be exposed to open flame or sparks. Pressurized aerosol cans shall be
stored as per manufacturer recommendations. They shall be kept out of direct
sunlight as excessive heat may cause aerosol cans to explode. Never store
pressurized aerosol cans inside the vehicle
14 Reports:
14.1. Reports shall be done in accordance with the GTC MPT report form.
14.2. All blank shall be filled up with accurate information.
14.3. Drawings and sketches of components tested shall be provided

when required by client. Accurate measurement of parts and
dimension shall be checked accurately.

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15 Acceptance and Rejection Criteria
Acceptance and rejection criteria shall be as specified in Appendixes A, B,

C, D, E and F whichever is applicable.
16 Family For Magnetic Particle Inspection
White Contrast
Method Manufacturer Cleaner Magnetic Ink
Paint
Wet Visible Magnaflux WCP-2 SKC-S 7HF
17 Definitions
17.1. Magnetic Particle Testing: A nondestructive test method utilizing

magnetic flux and suitable indicating materials to disclose surface
and near-surface discontinuity indications.
17.2. Relevant Indication: Relevant indications are produced by flux

leakage fields, which are the result of discontinuities that may or
may not be acceptable, and should be evaluated with regard to the
acceptable standards.
17.3. Linear Indications: A linear indication is one having a length greater

than three times of the width.
17.4. Rounded Indications: A rounded indication is the one of circular or

elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than three times of the
width.
17.5. Non Relevant Indications: Non relevant indication can occur singly
or in patterns as a result of flux leakage fields created by conditions
such as changes in section, inherent material properties, etc., or
may be associated with a discontinuity which is not considered
detrimental to the part.
17.6. False Indication: False indications are caused by particles being

held by non-magnetic forces.
17.7. Continuous Method: A method where in the indicating medium is

applied while the magnetizing force is present.
17.8. Examination Medium: A powder or suspension of magnetic
particles that is applied to a magnetized test surface to determine
the presence or absence of surface or slightly subsurface
discontinuities.

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Figure 1

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FIGURE – 2
MPT REPORT FORM

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APPENDIX A
ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION CRITERIA AS PER
ASME SECTION 1& ASME SEC VIII DIV 1

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APPENDIX A
Acceptance / Rejection Criteria in Accordance with ASME VIII Div. 1 & ASME SEC I
Evaluation of Indications
Indications will be revealed by retention of magnetic particles. An indication

of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it; however, the
size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only indications which
have any dimensions greater than 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) shall be considered relevant.
(a) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the
width. A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a
length to or less than three times its width.
(b) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to
determine whether or not they are relevant.
Acceptance Standard
All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:
(1) Relevant linear indications

(2) Relevant rounded indications greater than 3/16 in (5mm)
(3) Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16 in.
(1.5 mm) or less edge to edge.
Note: Repair Requirements as per ASME SCE. VIII DIV.1, appendix 6 to be follow.

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APPENDIX B
ANSI/ASME B 31.1

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APPENDIX B
Evaluation of Indications
(a) Mechanical discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by the

retention of the examination medium. All indications are not
necessarily defects; however, certain metallurgical discontinuities
and magnetic permeability variations may produce similar
indications that are not relevant to the detection of unacceptable
discontinuities.
(b) Any indication that is believed to be non-relevant shall be regarded

as a defect and shall be re-examined to verify whether or not actual
defects are present. Surface conditioning may precede the
reexamination. Non-relevant indications that would mask indications
of defects are unacceptable.
(c) Relevant indications are those that result from unacceptable

mechanical discontinuities. Linear indications are those indications
in which the length is more than three times the width. Rounded
indications are indications that are circular or elliptical with the
length less than three times the width.
(d) An indication of a discontinuity may be larger than the discontinuity

that causes it; however, the size of the indication and not the size of
the discontinuity is the basis of acceptance or rejection.
Acceptance Standards:
Indications whose major dimensions are greater than 1/16 in. (2.0mm) shall
be considered relevant. The following relevant indications are unacceptable.
a) Any cracks or linear indications.

b) Rounded indications with dimensions greater than 3/16” (5.0 mm).

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c) Four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16” (2.0 mm) or

less edge to edge.
d) Ten or more rounded indications in any 6 square inches (3,870 mm2) of
surface with the major dimension of this area not to exceed 6 inches (150 mm) with
the area taken in the most unfavorable location relative to the indications being
evaluated.

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APPENDIX C
ACCEPTANCEAND REJECTION CRITERIA AS PER ASME SECTION III DIV. 1

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APPENDIX C
Acceptance / Rejection Criteria In Accordance with

ASME Section III, Division 1
1. Evaluation of indication.
Mechanical discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by the retention

of the examination medium. All indication are not necessarily defect,
however, since certain metallurgical discontinuities and magnetic
permeability variations may produce similar indications which are not
relevant to the detection of unacceptable discontinuities.
Any indication in excess of the acceptance standard, which is believed to

be non-relevant shall be regarded as defect and re-examined by the same
or other nondestructive method to verify whether or not actual defects are
present. Surface conditioning may precede the re-examination. Non-
relevant indications which may mask the indication of defects are
unacceptable.
Relevant indications are indications which results from unacceptable

mechanical discontinuities. Linear defects are indications in which the
length is greater than three times of the width. Rounded defects are
indications which are circular or elliptical with the length less than three
times the width.
2. Acceptance Criteria.
2.1. For Welds In Accordance with ASME Section III, Subsections

NB, NC, ND and NF.
a) Only discontinuities producing indications with major

dimensions greater than 1/16 shall be considered relevant
indication.
b) Discontinuities producing the following indications are

unacceptable;
 Any linear indication greater than 1/16” long for

material less than 5/8” thick, greater than 1/8” long
for material from 5/8” to under 2” thick, and 3/16” long
for material 2” thick and above.
 Any rounded indication with dimensions greater than

1/8” for thicknesses less than 5/8” and greater than
3/16” for thicknesses 5/8” and above.

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 Four or more indications in line separated by 1/16” or

less, edge to edge.
 Ten or more indication in any 6 in² of area whose
major dimension is not more than 6” with the
dimensions taken in the most unfavorable location
relative to the indication being evaluated.
2.2. For Weld Preparation Edge in Accordance with ASME Section

III, Subsection NB and NC Latest edition and addendum.
a) Only discontinuities producing indications with major

dimensions greater than 1/16 shall be considered relevant
indication.
b) Laminar type discontinuities are acceptable without repair if

they do not exceed 1” in length. The extent of all laminar
type indication exceeding 1” in length shall be determined by
ultrasonic examination. Indications exceeding 1” length shall
be repaired by welding to a depth of 3/8” or the depth of
Indication, whichever is less, unless the ultrasonic
examination reveals the additional depth of repair is required
to meet the ultrasonic examination requirement for the
product form.
c) The following non-laminar indications are unacceptable.
 Any linear indication greater than 3/16” long
 Rounded indication with dimension greater than

3/16.0
 Four or more indications in a line separated by 1/16”

or less, edge to edge.
2.3. For Forging, Bars, Forging and Plates Repair Welds in

Accordance with ASME Section III, Subsection NB, NC, and ND,
Latest edition and addendum.
Acceptance Standard shall be in accordance with 2.1 of this

appendix.

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APPENDIX D
API 1104

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APPENDIX D
Acceptance / Rejection Standards as per API 1104

(Welding of Pipeline and Related Facilities)
A. Non-relevant Indication
Magnetic and metallurgical variation may produce indications that are

similar to those produced by discontinuities but that are not relevant to
acceptability. The criteria given below (1) and (2) apply when indications
are evaluated.
1) Any indication with a maximum dimension of 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) or

less shall be classified as non-relevant. Any larger indication
believed to be non-relevant shall be regarded as relevant until re-
examined by magnetic particle or another nondestructive testing
method to determine whether or not an actual discontinuity exists.
The surface may be ground or otherwise condition before re-
examination. After an indication is determined to be non-relevant
other non-relevant indications of the same type need not be
reexamined.
2) Relevant indications are those caused by discontinuities. Linear

indications are those in which the length is more than three times
the width. Rounded indications are those in which the length is three
times the width or less.
B. Acceptance Standard
Relevant indications shall be unacceptable when any of the following exists.
1) Linear indication evaluated as crater cracks or star cracks exceed

5/32 in (4 mm) in length.
2) Linear indications are evaluated as crack other than crater cracks or

star cracks.
3) Linear indications are evaluated as incomplete fusion and exceed 1

in. (25 mm) in total length in a continuous 12-inch (300 mm) length
of weld or 8 percent of the weld length.
4) Individual or scattered porosity (P) shall be unacceptable when any

of the following conditions exists.
 The size of an individual pore exceeds 1/8 in. (3 mm) or

25% of the specified wall thickness, whichever is less.

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 The size of an individual pore exceeds 25% of the thinner of

the specified wall thickness joined, but no more than 1/8
in. (3 mm) in diameter.
 The distribution of scattered porosity exceeds the
concentration permitted by fig. A or B.
5) Cluster porosity (CP) that occurs in any pass except the finish pass
shall comply with the criteria of 4 above. CP that occurs in the
finished pass shall unacceptable when any of the following
conditions exists.
 The diameter of cluster exceeds 1/2 inch (13 mm)
 The aggregate length of CP in any continuous 12-inch (300

mm) length of weld exceeds 1/2 in. (13 mm)
Note: when doubt exists about the type of imperfection being

disclosed by an indication, verification may be obtained by using
other NDT methods.
C. Base Material Imperfections
Laminations, arc burns, long seam discontinuities, other discontinuities in

the pipe or fittings detected by a magnetic particle testing shall be reported
to the company. Their disposition by repair or removal shall be directed by
the company.

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Figure – A
 Maximum Distribution of Gas Pockets: Wall Thickness (t) Less Than or Equal to 0.500 in. (12.7 mm)

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Figure – B
 Maximum Distribution of Gas Pockets: Wall Thickness (t) Greater Than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm)

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APPENDIX E
AWS D1.1

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APPENDIX E
Acceptance / Rejection Standards as per AWS D1.1
A. Section 8 (Statically Loaded Structures)
Welds that are subject to magnetic particle testing in addition to visual

inspection shall be evaluated on the basis of the requirements for visual
inspection.
All welds shall be acceptable if the following conditions are satisfied.
1) The welds have no cracks.
2) Thorough fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld and

between weld metal and base metal.
3) All craters shall be filled to the full cross section of the weld except
for the ends of intermittent fillet welds outside their effective length.
4) For materials less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) thick, undercut shall not
exceed 1/32 in (1 mm), except that a minimum 1/16 in (1.6 mm) is
permitted for an accumulated length of 2 in (50 mm), in any 12 in
(304.8 mm). For material equal or greater than 1 in. (25.4 mm) thick,
undercut shall not exceed 1/16 (1.6 mm) for any length of weld.
5) The sum of diameters of visible piping porosity 1/32 in. (1 mm) or

greater in fillet welds shall not exceed 3/8 in. (10 mm) in any linear
inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 in (19 mm) in any 12 in (304.8
mm) length of weld.
6) Complete joint penetration groove welds in butt joints transverse to

the direction of computed tensile stress shall have no visible piping
porosity. For all other groove welds, the sum of the visible porosity
1/32 in (1 mm) or greater in diameter shall not exceed 3/8 (10 mm)
in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 (19 mm) in any
12-inch (304.8 mm) length of weld.
The magnetic particle examination may be performed immediately

after the completed welds have cooled to ambient temperature.
Acceptance criteria for STM 514 and 517 steel shall be based on
nondestructive testing performed not less than 48 hours after
completion of the welds.
B. Section 9 (Dynamically Loaded Structures)

examination shall have no cracks and shall be unacceptable if the

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Magnetic particle testing shows any of the types of discontinuities given

below.
examination shall have no cracks and shall be unacceptable if the
magnetic particle testing shows any of the types of discontinuities given
below.
1) For welds subject to tensile stress under any condition of loading,

the greatest dimension of any porosity or fusion type of discontinuity
that is 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) or larger in greatest dimension shall not
exceed the size B indicated in fig 1 for the effective throat or weld
size involved. The distance from any porosity or fusion type
discontinuity described above to another such discontinuity, to an
edge, or to any intersecting welds shall not be less than the
minimum clearance allowed, C, indicated Fig.1 for the size of
discontinuity under examination.
2) For welds subject to compressive stress only and specially indicated

as such on the design drawing, the greatest dimension of porosity or
a fusion type discontinuity that is 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) or larger in
greatest dimension shall not exceed the size, B, nor shall the space
between adjacent discontinuities less than the minimum
clearance allowed, C, indicated by Fig 2 for the size of discontinuity
under examination.
3) Independent of the requirements of 1 and 2 above, discontinuities

having a greatest dimension of less than 1/16 in (1.6 mm) shall be
unacceptable if the sum of their greatest dimension exceeds 3/8 in
(9.5 mm) in any linear inch of weld.
4) The limitations given by Fig 1 and 2 for 1-½ in. (38.1 mm) joint
effective throat shall apply to all joints or effective throats of greater
thickness.
5) Figures 4 and 4a illustrate the applications of the requirements

given in paragraph 1.

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
FIGURE 1
C minimum clearance measured along the longitudinal axis of the weld between
edges of porosity or fusion-type discontinuities
(Larger of adjacent discontinuities govern)
Note: Adjacent discontinuities, spaced less than the minimum spacing require by fig. 1
shall be measured as one length equal to the sum of the total length of the discontinuities
plus the length of the space between them and evaluated as a single discontinuity

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
FIGURE 2
C minimum clearance measured along the longitudinal axis of the weld between
edges of porosity or fusion-type discontinuities
(Larger of adjacent discontinuities govern)
The maximum size of a discontinuity located within this distance from an edge of plate
shall be 1/8 in. (3 mm), but a 1/8 in. discontinuity must be 1/4 in. (6 mm) or more away
from the edge. The sum of discontinuities less than 1/8 in in size and located within this

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
Distance from the edge shall no exceed 3/16 in (5 mm). Discontinuities 1/16 in. (1.6 mm)
to less than 1/8 in. will not be restricted in other locations unless they are separated by
less than 2L (L being the length of the larger discontinuity); in which case, the
discontinuities shall be measured as one length equal to the total length of discontinuity
and space and evaluated as shown in Fig 2.
FIGURE 3

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
FIGURE 4
Weld Quality Requirement for Tension Joints in Dynamically Loaded Structures
This Figure is a part of ANSI /AWS D1.1, Structural Welding Code-Steel and includes
mandatory requirements for use with this standard
Notes:
1. A - minimum clearance allowed between edges of porosity or fusion-type

discontinuities 1/16 in. or larger. Larger of adjacent discontinuities Govern.
2. X1 - Largest permissible porosity of fusion-type discontinuity for 3/4 in. joint thickness
(see fig 1).
3. X2, X3, and X4 - Porosity or fusion-type discontinuity 1/16 in or larger, but less than
maximum permissible for 3/4 in. joint thickness.
5. X5, and X6 - Porosity or fusion-type discontinuity less than 1/16 in.
Interpretation:
1. Porosity or fusion-type discontinuity X4 is not acceptable because it is within the

minimum clearance allowed between edges of such discontinuities.
2. Remainder of weld is acceptable.
*Discontinuity size indicated is assumed to be its greatest dimension.

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
Figure 5
Notes:
1. A - minimum clearance allowed between edges of porosity or fusion-type

discontinuities 1/16 in. or larger. Larger of adjacent discontinuities Govern.
2. X1 - Largest permissible porosity of fusion-type discontinuity for 3/4 in. joint thickness
(see fig 1).
3. X2, X3, and X4 - Porosity or fusion-type discontinuity 1/16 in or larger, but less than
maximum permissible for 3/4 in. joint thickness.
5. X5, and X6 - Porosity or fusion-type discontinuity less than 1/16 in.
Interpretation:
1. Porosity or fusion-type discontinuity X4 is not acceptable because it is within the
minimum clearance allowed between edges of such discontinuities.
2. Remainder of weld is acceptable.
*Discontinuity size indicated is assumed to be its greatest dimension.

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
C. Section 10 (Tubular Structures)

inspection shall be evaluated on the basis of the requirements for visual
inspection.
All welds shall be acceptable if the following conditions are satisfied.
1) The welds have no cracks.
2) Thorough fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld and

between weld metal and base metal.
3) All craters shall be filled to the full cross section of the weld except
for the ends of intermittent fillet welds outside their effective length.
4) Undercut shall not exceed 0.25mm deep when its direction is

transverse to primary tensile stress in the part that is undercut, nor
more than 1/32 in (1 mm) for all other situations.
5) The sum of diameters of visible piping porosity in fillet welds shall

not exceed 3/8 in. (10 mm) in any linear inch of weld and shall not
exceed 3/4 in (19 mm) in any 12 in (304.8 mm) length of weld.
The magnetic particle examination may be performed immediately

after the completed welds have cooled to ambient temperature.
Acceptance criteria for ASTM 514 and 517 steel shall be based on
nondestructive testing performed not less than 48 hours after
completion of the welds.

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
APPENDIX F
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR PIPE WELDS TO ASME B31.3

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
GENERAL NOTES:
a) Weld imperfections are evaluated by one or more of the types of examination methods
given, as specified by ASME B31.3 in paras. 341.4.1, 341.4.2, 341.4.3, and M341.4,or
by the engineering design.
b) “N/A” indicates the Code does not establish acceptance criteria or does not require
evaluation of this kind of imperfection for this type of weld.
c) Check (√) indicates examination method generally used for evaluating this kind of weld
imperfection.
d) Ellipsis (…) indicates examination method not generally used for evaluating this kind of
weld imperfection.

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
Criterion
Measure Acceptable Value Limits (Note 6)
Symbol
A Extent of imperfection Zero (No evident Imperfection)
Depth of Incomplete penetration <1/32 in. ((1 mm) and < 0.2 Tw
B
Cumulative length of incomplete < 1.5 in. (38 mm) in any 6 in. (150 mm)
penetration weld length
Depth of lack of fusion and incomplete

< 0.2 Tw
penetration
C
Cumulative length of lack of fusion and < 1.5 in. (38 mm) in any 6 in. (150 mm)
incomplete penetration [Note (7)] weld length
See BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1

D Size and Distribution of internal porosity
Appendix 4
For Tw < ¼ in. (6.4 mm), limit is same as

E Size and Distribution of internal porosity D
For Tw > ¼ in. (6.4 mm), limit is 1.5 X D
Slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion or

elongated indication
< Tw/3
F Individual length
< 3/32 in. (2.5 mm) and < Tw/3
Individual width
< Tw in any 12 Tw weld length
Cumulative length
Slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion or

elongated indication
< 2 Tw
G Individual length
< 1/8 in. (3 mm) and < Tw/2
Individual width
< 4 Tw in any 6 in. (150 mm) weld length
Cumulative length
H Depth of undercut < 1/32 in. (1 mm) and < Tw/4

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
< 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) and < Tw/4 or 1/32 in.
I Depth of undercut
(1 mm)
J Surface roughness < 500 min. Ra per ASME B46.1
Total joint thickness include. Weld reinf.,>

K Depth of root surface concavity
Tw
Height of reinforcement or internal For Tw in. (mm)Height in. (mm)

protrusion [Note (8)] in any plane through
the weld shall be within limits of the < ¼ (6) < 1/16 (1.5)
L applicable height value in the tabulation at > ¼ (6) < ½ (13) < ⅛ (3)
right, except as provided in Note (9). Weld
metal shall merge smoothly into the > ½ (13) < 1 (25) < 5/32 (4)
component surfaces.
> 1 (25) < 3/16 (5)
Height of Reinforcement or internal

Limit is twice the value applicable for L
M protrusion [Note (8)] as described in L.
above
Note (9) does not apply.
Notes:
1. Criteria given are for required examination. More stringent criteria may be specified
in the engineering design. See also Para 341.5 and 341.5.3 of ASME B31.3.
2. Branch connection weld includes pressure containing welds in branches and
fabricated laps.
3. Longitudinal groove weld includes straight and spiral seam. Criteria are not intended
to apply welds in accordance with a standard listed in table A-1 or Table 326.1 of
ASME B31.3. Alternative Leak Test requires examination of these welds.
4. Fillet weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment welds for slip-on flanges,
branch reinforcement, and supports.
5. These imperfections are evaluated only for weld < 3/16 in. (5 mm) in nominal
thickness.
6. Where two limiting values are separated by “and” the lesser of the values determines
acceptance. Where two sets of values are separated by “or,” the larger value is
acceptable. Tw is the nominal wall thickness of the thinner of two components joined
by a butt weld
7. Tightly butted unfused root faces are unacceptable.
8. For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurements made from the surfaces
of the adjacent components; both reinforcement and internal protrusion are permitted
in a weld. For filler welds, height is measured from the theoretical throat, internal
protrusion does not apply.
9. For welds in aluminum alloy only, internal protrusion shall not exceed the following
values:
a) 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) for thickness ≤ 5/64 in. (2 mm)

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TESTING PROCEDURE
Center
b) 3/32 in. (2.5 mm) for thickness > 2 mm and ≤ ¼ in. (6 mm)
For external reinforcement and for greater thicknesses, see tabulation for symbol L.
10. Porosity and inclusion such as slag or tungsten are defined as rounded
indications where the maximum length is three times the width or less. These
indications may be circular, elliptical, or irregular in shape; may have tails; and
may vary in density. Indications where the length is greater than three times
the width are defined as elongated indications and may also be slag, porosity,
or tungsten.
An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it;
however, the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only
indications that have any dimension greater than 1.5mm (1⁄16 in.) shall be
considered relevant.
(a) Indications
(1) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times its
width.
(2) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length
equal to or less than three times its width.
(b) Examination. All surfaces to be examined shall be free of
(1) Relevant linear indications
(2) Relevant rounded indications >5.0 mm (3⁄16 in.)
(3) Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.5 mm
(1⁄16 in.) or less, edge to edge

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GENERAL MAGNETIC PARTICLE

SECTION TITLE PAGE

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION CRITERIA IN

Procedure Title: Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure

This Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure of Geotechnical Testing Center

This procedure is to be used for the Magnetic Particle Examination of

 ASME Boiler and Pressure Code, Section V, Edition 2019.

 API 1104, 2013 Edition Addendum 2016, Welding of Pipeline and

 ASME B 31.4 Latest Edition

 ANSI B31.1 Power Piping code, Edition 2016.

 ANSI B31.3, Processing Piping, Pressure Piping, Edition 2016.

 AWS D1.1, 2015 Edition, Structural Welding Code - Steel.

 ASNT CP-189 Recommended Practice 2016 Edition, For

 SAEP 1142, 2014 (Qualification of Non-Saudi Aramco NDT

 SAEP 1144, 2018 (Magnetic Particle Examination – Aramco)

Procedure Title: Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure

2.0 Personnel Requirements:

3.0 Methods of Examination

Demagnetizing equipment shall consist of units such as open coil or box

5.0 Examination Medium

The magnetic particles used for obtaining patterns of discontinuities shall

Procedure Title: Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure

may interfere with proper functioning. The color shall be selected so as to

5.1. Wet Particles

5.2 Examination Medium Premixed suspension of ferromagnetic particles in

5.4 Cleaning Medium :Solvent cleaner is acceptable as cleaning medium

5.5 Temperature Criteria

Illumination (natural or supplemental white light) of the examination

Procedure Title: Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure

be used. Verification of light sources is required to be demonstrated

7.0 Surface Preparation:

7.1. Surface Conditioning. Clean the examination surface and adjacent

However surface preparation by grinding or machining may be

7.2. Extraneous Matter. Prior to magnetic particle examination, the

7.3. Cleaning. Cleaning of surfaces is accomplished using detergents,

8.0 Examination Technique

8.1. Yoke Technique

8.1.1. Application: This method shall only be applied to detect

Procedure Title: Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure

8.1.2. Magnetizing technique: Alternating electromagnetic yokes

8.1.3. Magnetizing Current: with Alternating Current, the lifting

8.1.4. Sequence of Operation: The yoke shall be positioned on

8.1.5. Contrast Paint

8.1.5.1. If contrast with the surface of material is poor, a thin

8.1.5.2. The contrast paint shall be allowed to dry for a period

Procedure Title: Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure

8.1.7 Direction of Magnetization

Two separate examinations shall be carried out on each area to be

Since the method employs the usage of alternating magnetizing current as a

In general demagnetization is accomplished by subjecting the part to a field

9.1. Alternating-current yokes may be used for local demagnetization by

9.2. The effectiveness of demagnetizing operations shall be verified

Each piece of magnetizing equipment shall be calibrated at least once a

Procedure Title: Magnetic Particle Testing Procedure

10.1 Lifting Power of Yokes

10.2.1. Each alternating current electromagnetic yokes shall have a lifting

10.2.2. Each weight shall be weighed with a scale from a reputable

10.2.3. A weight need only be verified again if damaged in a manner that

11.1. All indications revealed by the magnetic particle examination are

Magnetic Writing: The indication is fuzzy and will be destroyed by

Change in Section: The distribution of magnetic field in an area of

Flow Lines: These are large group of parallel indications that

11.2. All indication believed to be non-relevant shall be evaluated by