<!

--<INTERPRETATION-INTRODUCTION>-->
Interpretation: The time that the evaporator should be operated in order to maximize the
amount of product per 30 day is to be estimated.
Concept introduction: To enhance the profit, the optimized and the maximum productivity of
the equipment is estimated.

<!--</INTERPRETATION-INTRODUCTION>-->

<!--<ANSWER>-->
The time that the evaporator should be operated in order to maximize the amount of product per
30 day t = 18.73 h.
<!--<ANSWER>-->

<!--<EXPLANATION>-->
Given: Initial feed rate = Fo = 5000 kg/h
Final feed rate = F1 = 2500 kg/h
The equation required to maximize the product (P) is as follows:
P  F1  t  N (Equation 1)
Where;
P = Number of products
F1 = Feed rate after time t = 48 h
t = Time required for the production
N = Cycles of production
The feed rate is a function of time as follows:
dF
K
dt
Where K is a constant
Integrating the above equation between the limits:
F = Fo at time t = 0
F = F1 at time t = 48 h
48
F1
F0
dF   K  dt
0

 (F1  Fo )  K  t
(Fo  F1 )  Kt
Fo  F1  Kt
(Fo  F1 )
K
48
(5000  2500)
K
48
K  52.08

Now,
30 days  24(h / day)
N
(t  6)(h / cycles)
720
N (Cycles)
(t  6)

From equation 1;
P  F1  t  N
720
P  (Fo  Kt)  t 
(t  6)
720
P  (Fo t  Kt 2 )
(t  6)

Differentiating the above equation with respect to time t, and equating to zero in order to
maximize the amount of products.
 720
P  (Fo t  Kt 2 )
(t  6)
dP (t  6)  720(Fo  2Kt)  720(Fo t  Kt 2 ) 1

dt (t  6) 2
(t  6)  720(Fo  2Kt)  720(Fo t  Kt 2 ) 1
0
(t  6) 2
(t  6)  720(Fo  2Kt)  720(Fo t  Kt 2 )
(t  6)  (Fo  2Kt)  (Fo t  Kt 2 )
(t  6)  (5000  2  52.08t)  (5000t  52.08t 2 )
5000t 104.16t 2  30000  624.96t  (5000t  52.08t 2 )
 52.08t 2  624.96t  30000  0

The above equation is a second order quadratic equation solving which gives two values of t as
follows:
t  18.73h and t   30.73h

As time cannot be negative, discarding t   30.73 h

Therefore, the amount of time for which the evaporator should be operated in order to maximize
the amount of product per 30 day is t = 18.73 h.
<!--<EXPLANATION>-->