6.3. Loading mechanisms ‘Simple spring oading mechanisms (ZM) are most widely used on modem acral % losis raporeaesoe “The main cement of such a mechanism a sprig placed ina housing and connected by a od witha orzo wiring. Usually, they try to place the ZM as close to the contol ver 8s possible and shorten the path of transmission of forces fiom this mechanism to the plot The spring ate is selected so thatthe forces at snaximum rudder deflections do not exceed the permissible ones. The dependence of te efforts on the stering wheel delcton anges ia such a mechanism is lear and does not depend at all onthe velocity head ‘With batucing rudder deflections im a Song fight on the comand fevers, the pibt wil fel the efforts coming fom the ZM. You cannot remove them with a trimmer, because the plbt does not perceive the hinge moment ofthe udder. Therefore, wit an imeversible scheme, trermers on the rudders are not pit. “To remove the balancing frees, an electrical mechanism installed that moves the atachment pois ofthe ZM., By moving this po, the plot relaxes the spring and completely removes the force on the control ever at a given rudder poston. mur Are MEXAMIEN “This mechanism for removing babancing forces i called the trim effect mechanism ‘The muin disodvantage of spring mechanisms wih a near characters i the change inthe expendire of overload forces wi a change in the velocity head. AS resi, the pilot finds control. at ow fight speeds too heavy, and a high speeds too light, which s dangerous by bringing the aircraft to supercritical modes.mY B This drawback can be corrcted by inreasing the efforts at small defections of the rudder and control ever, wed at high ight speeds, and by reducing the efforts at age deflections ofthe rudder, which are usually used at bw speeds. For this purpose, ZMs wih a non-linear characteristic are used, in which the sired efet is ensured by wing a sprig witha preliminary tightening or two springs of diferent tifhess and wih dirent preliminary tightening, 4 “ Wy dy Zt | eds, ted, C ‘The principle ofthe device and the characteristics ofsuch a mechanism are shown in the diagram. Loading mechanisms are more advanced, taking nto account the high-speed head, But due to the complexity and lower relabilty, such mechanioms were not widely used